Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... limiting warming over the next 30 years.46 Even after reductions in emissions take place, resultant reductions in warming will be gradual, taking almost half a century.47 For example, keeping CO2 emissions to below 450 ppm by 2100 is predicted to prevent approximately 0.15°C of BAU warming in the fi ...
... limiting warming over the next 30 years.46 Even after reductions in emissions take place, resultant reductions in warming will be gradual, taking almost half a century.47 For example, keeping CO2 emissions to below 450 ppm by 2100 is predicted to prevent approximately 0.15°C of BAU warming in the fi ...
book of abstracts - mariolopoulos
... Thriassion plain in western Attica. During the last century Thriassion plain has undergone significant changes from rural to heavily industrialized and Koumoundourou Lake has suffered multiple pressures, while the construction of an artificial weir on the canal outlet towards Elefsina Bay has change ...
... Thriassion plain in western Attica. During the last century Thriassion plain has undergone significant changes from rural to heavily industrialized and Koumoundourou Lake has suffered multiple pressures, while the construction of an artificial weir on the canal outlet towards Elefsina Bay has change ...
Polar Bears and Climate Change
... exactly when many critical thresholds will be exceeded. We cannot predict, for example, the first year that reduced access to sea ice will prevent female Polar Bears in a particular region from reaching their traditional denning areas or from achieving weight gains necessary for reproduction. But, w ...
... exactly when many critical thresholds will be exceeded. We cannot predict, for example, the first year that reduced access to sea ice will prevent female Polar Bears in a particular region from reaching their traditional denning areas or from achieving weight gains necessary for reproduction. But, w ...
LWC4.3 - Pittwater Council
... finite resources of our planet. Human activities (in particular the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing and agriculture) have produced substantial quantities of greenhouse gases which have significantly enhanced the natural atmospheric greenhouse effect and increased global warming to such an ext ...
... finite resources of our planet. Human activities (in particular the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing and agriculture) have produced substantial quantities of greenhouse gases which have significantly enhanced the natural atmospheric greenhouse effect and increased global warming to such an ext ...
Climate impacts threatening Japan today and tomorrow
... islands and extends from 41 to 46°N latitude. The island itself, which covers 77,978 km2, is the second largest in Japan (Dolan and Warden, 1994). It is separated from Sakhalin, Russia, by the Soya Strait and separated from Honshu Island by the Tsugaru Strait. Hokkaido’s climate is sub-arctic, with ...
... islands and extends from 41 to 46°N latitude. The island itself, which covers 77,978 km2, is the second largest in Japan (Dolan and Warden, 1994). It is separated from Sakhalin, Russia, by the Soya Strait and separated from Honshu Island by the Tsugaru Strait. Hokkaido’s climate is sub-arctic, with ...
New Methods to Assess Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for
... Step 2: Identify and characterize base system, adapted system(s) Step 3: Quantify impacts of CC on base and adapted system(s) Step 4: Simulate impacts without adaptation ◦ impacts on farm net returns (“losers” and “gainers” from climate change) ◦ impacts on other economic (e.g., poverty) or no ...
... Step 2: Identify and characterize base system, adapted system(s) Step 3: Quantify impacts of CC on base and adapted system(s) Step 4: Simulate impacts without adaptation ◦ impacts on farm net returns (“losers” and “gainers” from climate change) ◦ impacts on other economic (e.g., poverty) or no ...
File - The Building Blocks For Learning
... commercial fisheries, seabirds, and marine mammals. With climate change, the study’s authors note, coastal upwelling–favorable winds are expected to intensify, as they have in recent decades. Upwelling winds are controlled by ocean high-pressure systems, which may strengthen with global warming–indu ...
... commercial fisheries, seabirds, and marine mammals. With climate change, the study’s authors note, coastal upwelling–favorable winds are expected to intensify, as they have in recent decades. Upwelling winds are controlled by ocean high-pressure systems, which may strengthen with global warming–indu ...
Draft Resolution X - The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
... RECOGNIZING that the conservation and wise use of wetlands enables organisms to adapt to climate change by providing connectivity, corridors and flyways along which they can move, and AWARE of efforts by the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) to address these issues [including through the adoptio ...
... RECOGNIZING that the conservation and wise use of wetlands enables organisms to adapt to climate change by providing connectivity, corridors and flyways along which they can move, and AWARE of efforts by the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) to address these issues [including through the adoptio ...
This article was originally published in a journal published by
... physical evaporation and transpiration (Pielke, 2001b). The resulting additional moisture flux can enhance the moist static energy within the convective boundary layer (CBL) and consequently become thermodynamically more conducive to an increase in rainfall (Betts et al., 1994; Segal et al., 1998). ...
... physical evaporation and transpiration (Pielke, 2001b). The resulting additional moisture flux can enhance the moist static energy within the convective boundary layer (CBL) and consequently become thermodynamically more conducive to an increase in rainfall (Betts et al., 1994; Segal et al., 1998). ...
Environmental Changes Affecting the Andes of Ecuador
... corresponds to an annual deforestation rate of 0.97 %. Goerner et al. (2007) reported a deforestation rate of 0.9 % per year for the same study area. ...
... corresponds to an annual deforestation rate of 0.97 %. Goerner et al. (2007) reported a deforestation rate of 0.9 % per year for the same study area. ...
The legacy of the Kyoto Protocol: a view from
... emission intensity of energy supply, energy use, transport, buildings, industrial processes, agriculture, and forestry. These policies were introduced partly to achieve KP emission reduction targets or develop CDM projects, partly because of other economic reasons.10–12 Financial support to developi ...
... emission intensity of energy supply, energy use, transport, buildings, industrial processes, agriculture, and forestry. These policies were introduced partly to achieve KP emission reduction targets or develop CDM projects, partly because of other economic reasons.10–12 Financial support to developi ...
PLATE TECTONICS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
... the summer cooling requisite for the first extensive glaciation of Antarctica in the Paleogene (DeConto and Pollard, 2003a,b; Oglesby, 1991). The polar latitudes’ sensitivity to geography is clearly illustrated by the very different climatic regimes of today’s north versus south polar regions. Incre ...
... the summer cooling requisite for the first extensive glaciation of Antarctica in the Paleogene (DeConto and Pollard, 2003a,b; Oglesby, 1991). The polar latitudes’ sensitivity to geography is clearly illustrated by the very different climatic regimes of today’s north versus south polar regions. Incre ...
- ROAR - University of East London
... Concerns about population and the use of natural resources for development continued well into the 1970s and thereafter. So did scholarly debate about the links between environment and development. The Brundtland Commission Report Our Common Future (United Nations, 1987) defined the concept of sust ...
... Concerns about population and the use of natural resources for development continued well into the 1970s and thereafter. So did scholarly debate about the links between environment and development. The Brundtland Commission Report Our Common Future (United Nations, 1987) defined the concept of sust ...
Geography Specification B - Unit 1
... Considering the costs and benefits of large scale water management projects, eg The Three Gorges dam, or Colorado River. Examining the role of named small-scale intermediate technology solutions such as water harvesting in the developing world. ...
... Considering the costs and benefits of large scale water management projects, eg The Three Gorges dam, or Colorado River. Examining the role of named small-scale intermediate technology solutions such as water harvesting in the developing world. ...
Assessing ``Dangerous Climate Change
... year, has plummeted by more than a third in the past few decades, at a faster rate than in most models [21], with the sea ice thickness declining a factor of four faster than simulated in IPCC climate models [22]. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets began to shed ice at a rate, now several hundre ...
... year, has plummeted by more than a third in the past few decades, at a faster rate than in most models [21], with the sea ice thickness declining a factor of four faster than simulated in IPCC climate models [22]. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets began to shed ice at a rate, now several hundre ...
Observed coherent changes in climatic
... ABSTRACT: A new global dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether frequency and/or severity of climatic extremes changed during the second half of the 20th century. This period provides the best spatial coverage of homogenous daily series, which can be used for calculating th ...
... ABSTRACT: A new global dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether frequency and/or severity of climatic extremes changed during the second half of the 20th century. This period provides the best spatial coverage of homogenous daily series, which can be used for calculating th ...
Climate change challenges for European regions
... therefore presented for the distant future. However, extreme weather events resembling those forecasted for the distant future will occur already in the next 15 to 20 years. Some caution needs to be exercised when interpreting the results of the scenarios presented, because these show results for a ...
... therefore presented for the distant future. However, extreme weather events resembling those forecasted for the distant future will occur already in the next 15 to 20 years. Some caution needs to be exercised when interpreting the results of the scenarios presented, because these show results for a ...
Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long
... ocean heat uptake does not influence global mean temperature evolution, as opposed to the coupled IPCC simulations. This leads to higher uncertainty ranges for each scenario compared with the IPCC. Mountain Glaciers. Global glacier volumes decline since the 19th century. Observation-based estimates ...
... ocean heat uptake does not influence global mean temperature evolution, as opposed to the coupled IPCC simulations. This leads to higher uncertainty ranges for each scenario compared with the IPCC. Mountain Glaciers. Global glacier volumes decline since the 19th century. Observation-based estimates ...
The Poverty Impacts of Climate Change
... to more than halving the world poverty rate at the $2 a day level to 14.1 percent by 2055. Under the RICE model’s BAU scenario with climate damage, world gross domestic product (GDP) in 2055 would be 1.5 percent lower than in the baseline.2 In the BAU scenario, the estimated number of poor in 2055 w ...
... to more than halving the world poverty rate at the $2 a day level to 14.1 percent by 2055. Under the RICE model’s BAU scenario with climate damage, world gross domestic product (GDP) in 2055 would be 1.5 percent lower than in the baseline.2 In the BAU scenario, the estimated number of poor in 2055 w ...
Spring 2008
... however, current models simplify biogeochemical processes, such as the carbon cycle – making future predictions less certain. Earth System Models will allow GFDL and Princeton scientists to make better predictions of climate responses to greenhouse gas emissions and land use changes. Like GFDL’s cli ...
... however, current models simplify biogeochemical processes, such as the carbon cycle – making future predictions less certain. Earth System Models will allow GFDL and Princeton scientists to make better predictions of climate responses to greenhouse gas emissions and land use changes. Like GFDL’s cli ...
NASA Research Strategy for Earth System Science
... According to model predictions, the most significant manifestation of climate change for humans and the environment is an intensification of the global water cycle, leading to increased global precipitation, faster evaporation, and a general exacerbation of extreme hydrologic regimes, floods, and dr ...
... According to model predictions, the most significant manifestation of climate change for humans and the environment is an intensification of the global water cycle, leading to increased global precipitation, faster evaporation, and a general exacerbation of extreme hydrologic regimes, floods, and dr ...
IPCC Factsheet: What is the IPCC?
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the international body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide policymakers with regular assessme ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the international body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide policymakers with regular assessme ...
A simple formula predicts the social costs of carbon with remarkable precision
... The SCC compresses the monetized cost from releasing a ton of CO2 to the atmosphere today to one number. The IAMs obtain this number by optimizing current emissions in a model for the global carbon cycle with temperature dynamics connected to a global economy description. There are several widely us ...
... The SCC compresses the monetized cost from releasing a ton of CO2 to the atmosphere today to one number. The IAMs obtain this number by optimizing current emissions in a model for the global carbon cycle with temperature dynamics connected to a global economy description. There are several widely us ...
Future climate change projections for the Latin American region
... been detected over the Peruvian Andes by Lavado et al. (2012). For the Amazon basin, Marengo (2004) and Satyamurty et al. (2010) concluded that no systematic unidirectional long-term trends towards drier or wetter conditions in both the northern and southern Amazon have been identified since the 192 ...
... been detected over the Peruvian Andes by Lavado et al. (2012). For the Amazon basin, Marengo (2004) and Satyamurty et al. (2010) concluded that no systematic unidirectional long-term trends towards drier or wetter conditions in both the northern and southern Amazon have been identified since the 192 ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.