What does it mean to be carbon neutral?
... “Carbon neutrality refers to the calculation of an entity’s total carbon release as zero, brought about by balancing the amount of carbon it releases with the amount it offsets. Offsetting describes the practice of removing carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere by funding carbon projects that ...
... “Carbon neutrality refers to the calculation of an entity’s total carbon release as zero, brought about by balancing the amount of carbon it releases with the amount it offsets. Offsetting describes the practice of removing carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere by funding carbon projects that ...
11. Tax and climate change
... The quantity of GHGs in the atmosphere is generally measured in terms of parts per million (ppm) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).2 Since the mid 19th century, atmospheric concentrations have grown from 285ppm to about 430ppm CO2e. Over the past decade, concentrations have been growing at about 2 ...
... The quantity of GHGs in the atmosphere is generally measured in terms of parts per million (ppm) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).2 Since the mid 19th century, atmospheric concentrations have grown from 285ppm to about 430ppm CO2e. Over the past decade, concentrations have been growing at about 2 ...
Nordic action on climate support
... Nordic action on climate support To limit average global warming to 2° C investments designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are urgently needed around the world. The most vulnerable countries particularly need assistance to achieve sustainable economic growth and adapt to the adverse impacts of ...
... Nordic action on climate support To limit average global warming to 2° C investments designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are urgently needed around the world. The most vulnerable countries particularly need assistance to achieve sustainable economic growth and adapt to the adverse impacts of ...
Water in Washington (PDF)
... These results are based on a simplified analysis using projections from IPCC 2007. 25 Seattle Public Utilities is currently updating their assessment using 40 new projections from the 2013 IPCC report. 24 The ski areas evaluated for Washington State were: Bluewood, Mt. Spokane, Mt. Baker, Crystal Mo ...
... These results are based on a simplified analysis using projections from IPCC 2007. 25 Seattle Public Utilities is currently updating their assessment using 40 new projections from the 2013 IPCC report. 24 The ski areas evaluated for Washington State were: Bluewood, Mt. Spokane, Mt. Baker, Crystal Mo ...
X - The Heartland Institute`s International Conferences on Climate
... So we see claimed extra effects – ‘Climate Change’ without extra temperature rise to cause them !!! ...
... So we see claimed extra effects – ‘Climate Change’ without extra temperature rise to cause them !!! ...
PDF
... to change, the methodology used here does not capture the full impact of adaptation to climate change. Assuming the land base is constant almost certainly provides conservative estimates of loss due to negative climate change impacts,s The potential effects of carbon dioxide fertilization are also n ...
... to change, the methodology used here does not capture the full impact of adaptation to climate change. Assuming the land base is constant almost certainly provides conservative estimates of loss due to negative climate change impacts,s The potential effects of carbon dioxide fertilization are also n ...
PDF
... 34% for flower and flower bulb production, and 17% for nursery crops. The official statistics indicate that the greenhouse industry is concentrated in the Auckland region (44% of the total area), and 81% of the greenhouse area is in the North Island. Between 2000 and 2002 the official statistics rec ...
... 34% for flower and flower bulb production, and 17% for nursery crops. The official statistics indicate that the greenhouse industry is concentrated in the Auckland region (44% of the total area), and 81% of the greenhouse area is in the North Island. Between 2000 and 2002 the official statistics rec ...
Chapter 6 Non-CO climate effects of aviation
... The report so far has only considered aviation CO2 emissions. There are, however, potentially significant non-CO2 effects from aviation which lead to both additional warming and cooling effects on the climate. Overall the consensus is that considered together, these effects have an overall additiona ...
... The report so far has only considered aviation CO2 emissions. There are, however, potentially significant non-CO2 effects from aviation which lead to both additional warming and cooling effects on the climate. Overall the consensus is that considered together, these effects have an overall additiona ...
Report
... reliance on carbon-based fuels and goods. Due to the global scale and complexity of the climate change problem, it may be difficult to clearly assess the efficacy of national U.S. carbon reductions in a quantifiable manner. However, the scientific evidence of climate change and the need to act is un ...
... reliance on carbon-based fuels and goods. Due to the global scale and complexity of the climate change problem, it may be difficult to clearly assess the efficacy of national U.S. carbon reductions in a quantifiable manner. However, the scientific evidence of climate change and the need to act is un ...
After which threshold do anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
... linearity of the relationship as the correlation between temperature and anthropogenic forcings is not necessarily linear in its parameters. Intuitively, this suggests that anthropogenic forcings may have an influence on temperature only after a threshold value, or more generally that the correlati ...
... linearity of the relationship as the correlation between temperature and anthropogenic forcings is not necessarily linear in its parameters. Intuitively, this suggests that anthropogenic forcings may have an influence on temperature only after a threshold value, or more generally that the correlati ...
Assessing climate change and climate variability impacts in Burkina
... for seasonal forecasting, (ii) complex topography (associated with the Guinean Highlands, Jos Plateau in Nigeria and Cameroon mountains. Predictions of climate change (and natural variability) are dependent on General Circulation Models (GCMs). Predictions from GCMs of climate change in West Africa ...
... for seasonal forecasting, (ii) complex topography (associated with the Guinean Highlands, Jos Plateau in Nigeria and Cameroon mountains. Predictions of climate change (and natural variability) are dependent on General Circulation Models (GCMs). Predictions from GCMs of climate change in West Africa ...
Ocean Extremes - A unified marine science community
... Erosion assessments to date have been largely based on a simple Bruun rule calculation because of its ease of application, but the accuracy of this simple approach has been questioned [52] and use of ...
... Erosion assessments to date have been largely based on a simple Bruun rule calculation because of its ease of application, but the accuracy of this simple approach has been questioned [52] and use of ...
Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy
... Finally, Jing Cao (2010) presents the perspective of China, the most important of the emerging economies, by examining an approach which seeks to reconcile fairness, economic development imperatives, and sensible climate policy actions. She takes as her starting point the Copenhagen Accord, the majo ...
... Finally, Jing Cao (2010) presents the perspective of China, the most important of the emerging economies, by examining an approach which seeks to reconcile fairness, economic development imperatives, and sensible climate policy actions. She takes as her starting point the Copenhagen Accord, the majo ...
Climate Change: Top 10 Precepts for U.S. Foreign Policy
... those outside of the international regime. Finally, failure to include the major economies—particularly China—would create competitiveness concerns and make it politically difficult, if not impossible, for the United States to join a new climate regime. As reflected by most of the proposed bills in ...
... those outside of the international regime. Finally, failure to include the major economies—particularly China—would create competitiveness concerns and make it politically difficult, if not impossible, for the United States to join a new climate regime. As reflected by most of the proposed bills in ...
Appendix B: Meteorology and Climate
... and that they vary significantly on various time scales, predictive capabilities need to be improved. ...
... and that they vary significantly on various time scales, predictive capabilities need to be improved. ...
Global climate change impacts on Australia`s wheat crops
... Atmospheric CO2 levels may rise from current levels (378 ppm) to between 520 ppm to 750 ppm by the year 2100. At the same time, temperatures across Australia may increase by a range of 1ºC to almost 6ºC. Large changes in rainfall are possible with changes of up to 60% by 2100—noting that there is ma ...
... Atmospheric CO2 levels may rise from current levels (378 ppm) to between 520 ppm to 750 ppm by the year 2100. At the same time, temperatures across Australia may increase by a range of 1ºC to almost 6ºC. Large changes in rainfall are possible with changes of up to 60% by 2100—noting that there is ma ...
k9477e
... Due to the high degree of uncertainty regarding the likely impacts of climate change (there is only a limited amount of reliable data available and projection models are inherently undependable), it is critical that scientific monitoring and assessment of carefully selected indicators be enhanced. S ...
... Due to the high degree of uncertainty regarding the likely impacts of climate change (there is only a limited amount of reliable data available and projection models are inherently undependable), it is critical that scientific monitoring and assessment of carefully selected indicators be enhanced. S ...
Climate Change Legal Roadmap: A Snapshot of Alberta`s Climate
... There is no doubt that mandatory reduction in greenhouse gas emissions would be upheld as an exercise of the criminal law power of Parliament. That is clear from Hydro-Quebec. The only question is whether the three additional means of compliance (emissions credits, offset credits, and contributions ...
... There is no doubt that mandatory reduction in greenhouse gas emissions would be upheld as an exercise of the criminal law power of Parliament. That is clear from Hydro-Quebec. The only question is whether the three additional means of compliance (emissions credits, offset credits, and contributions ...
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN NEW ZEALAND: A CROSS
... increase in the AEP could result in up to a 10-fold increase in the cost of building damage (Smith et al 1998). Even if the high end of these increases in flooding AEPs occur, it may take decades to determine if the AEPs have in fact changed. By this time it will be too late for changes in planning ...
... increase in the AEP could result in up to a 10-fold increase in the cost of building damage (Smith et al 1998). Even if the high end of these increases in flooding AEPs occur, it may take decades to determine if the AEPs have in fact changed. By this time it will be too late for changes in planning ...
Joint projections of temperature and precipitation change from
... significant curbing of GHG emissions, with 2 ◦ C of additional warming being generally viewed as a lower bound estimate of the expected global change at the end of the 21st century, under so-called ‘business-as-usual’ emission scenarios. Global average increases in temperature are, however, just proj ...
... significant curbing of GHG emissions, with 2 ◦ C of additional warming being generally viewed as a lower bound estimate of the expected global change at the end of the 21st century, under so-called ‘business-as-usual’ emission scenarios. Global average increases in temperature are, however, just proj ...
The social construct of climate and climate change
... between the 2 forms of inference often are highlighted and lead to the conclusion that a generally 'true' definition of risks and threats is at best a dubious undertaking (e.g. Rayner & Cantor 1987). In general, however, research into risk communication, the public perception of social problems and ...
... between the 2 forms of inference often are highlighted and lead to the conclusion that a generally 'true' definition of risks and threats is at best a dubious undertaking (e.g. Rayner & Cantor 1987). In general, however, research into risk communication, the public perception of social problems and ...
Section 1 - Climate Change - finalSLO
... Climate computer models indicate that California’s climate is expected to become considerably warmer and drier. We cannot predict the exact degree to which temperature will change but the extent of change will depend on the decisions we make as a society in the next several years. Climate scientists ...
... Climate computer models indicate that California’s climate is expected to become considerably warmer and drier. We cannot predict the exact degree to which temperature will change but the extent of change will depend on the decisions we make as a society in the next several years. Climate scientists ...
- UNDP-ALM
... components, including the dynamics and composition of the atmosphere, the ocean, the ice and snow cover, the land surface and its features, the many mutual interactions between them, and the large variety of physical, chemical and biological processes taking place in and among these components. ...
... components, including the dynamics and composition of the atmosphere, the ocean, the ice and snow cover, the land surface and its features, the many mutual interactions between them, and the large variety of physical, chemical and biological processes taking place in and among these components. ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.