Impacts of Europe`s changing climate
... Various adaptation measures are available to reduce these risks. But there are limits to adaptation: due to the thermal inertia of the oceans, sea‑level rise would not stop by 2100 even if greenhouse gas concentrations were stabilised. Over a period of centuries and millennia, a very large SLR could ...
... Various adaptation measures are available to reduce these risks. But there are limits to adaptation: due to the thermal inertia of the oceans, sea‑level rise would not stop by 2100 even if greenhouse gas concentrations were stabilised. Over a period of centuries and millennia, a very large SLR could ...
Introduction “The UN should take a series of steps to enhance links
... The slow progress in reducing disaster risks is not only due to competing priorities, but also due to low understanding of the ability of disaster risk reduction for reducing climate impact and achieving sustainable development. According to the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, one dollar ...
... The slow progress in reducing disaster risks is not only due to competing priorities, but also due to low understanding of the ability of disaster risk reduction for reducing climate impact and achieving sustainable development. According to the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, one dollar ...
Environment, Politics and Development Working Paper Series
... wrote that Obama’s statements were “strong enough call(s) to action to appease most climate advocates, even those who had said in the days leading up to the speech that they wanted Obama to lay out a detailed plan of attack” (2013). Stephen Stromberg from The Washington Post commented, “President Ob ...
... wrote that Obama’s statements were “strong enough call(s) to action to appease most climate advocates, even those who had said in the days leading up to the speech that they wanted Obama to lay out a detailed plan of attack” (2013). Stephen Stromberg from The Washington Post commented, “President Ob ...
PDF
... Agriculturally oriented studies focus on the explicit productivity impacts of changing climatic conditions on crops and their growing conditions, while economically oriented studies instead analyze agricultural market reactions to climate change based on simple crop response ...
... Agriculturally oriented studies focus on the explicit productivity impacts of changing climatic conditions on crops and their growing conditions, while economically oriented studies instead analyze agricultural market reactions to climate change based on simple crop response ...
PDF
... General features of the LTEM A detailed description of the LTEM and its characteristics are presented in Cagatay and Saunders (2002). The LTEM includes 19 agricultural (7 crop and 12 livestock products) commodities and 17 countries. The commodities included in the model are treated as homogeneous wi ...
... General features of the LTEM A detailed description of the LTEM and its characteristics are presented in Cagatay and Saunders (2002). The LTEM includes 19 agricultural (7 crop and 12 livestock products) commodities and 17 countries. The commodities included in the model are treated as homogeneous wi ...
Don`t Kill Kyoto
... What is more there is a clear negotiating mandate to agree a second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol – the only reason this has not happened is because of the reticence and foot dragging of developed countries. In the current political climate, there is no negotiating mandate or consensus for ...
... What is more there is a clear negotiating mandate to agree a second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol – the only reason this has not happened is because of the reticence and foot dragging of developed countries. In the current political climate, there is no negotiating mandate or consensus for ...
Trends - hvonstorch.de
... The check of consistency of recent and ongoing trends with predictions from dynamical (or other) models represents a kind of „attribution without detection“. The idea is to estimate the driver-related change from a (series of) model scenarios (or predictions), and to compare this “expected change” w ...
... The check of consistency of recent and ongoing trends with predictions from dynamical (or other) models represents a kind of „attribution without detection“. The idea is to estimate the driver-related change from a (series of) model scenarios (or predictions), and to compare this “expected change” w ...
... members of the business communities from Asia, Europe, South Asia, and the United States to look at plausible future scenarios and consider the national security and foreign policy implications of global climate change. The consortium of ten partners agreed that the timing was right to hold a climat ...
ClimAfrica_proj_2011
... WP2 - Observations and global model skill for Eastern Africa Examples from several Global models: “Skill” basis for use of Global model in multi-model downscaling is quite high for East Africa sub-domain of ClimAfrica analysis and applications. Regional model: Regional model skill is reasonably good ...
... WP2 - Observations and global model skill for Eastern Africa Examples from several Global models: “Skill” basis for use of Global model in multi-model downscaling is quite high for East Africa sub-domain of ClimAfrica analysis and applications. Regional model: Regional model skill is reasonably good ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... diversity of these assemblages in nature and, consequently, our rudimentary understanding of the factors that control the structure and function of microbial communities. Considerable interest and research is now being focussed on understanding the effects of global climate change on phytoplankton c ...
... diversity of these assemblages in nature and, consequently, our rudimentary understanding of the factors that control the structure and function of microbial communities. Considerable interest and research is now being focussed on understanding the effects of global climate change on phytoplankton c ...
Interactive responses of old-field plant growth and composition to
... changes will in turn affect the rate of climate change. Here we describe responses of an old-field herbaceous community to a factorial combination of four levels of warming (up to 4 °C) and three precipitation regimes (drought, ambient and rain addition) over 2 years. Warming suppressed total produc ...
... changes will in turn affect the rate of climate change. Here we describe responses of an old-field herbaceous community to a factorial combination of four levels of warming (up to 4 °C) and three precipitation regimes (drought, ambient and rain addition) over 2 years. Warming suppressed total produc ...
Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme
... of environmental change is outpacing their capacity to do so. Historical averages are no longer a reliable guide for the future. Losses ...
... of environmental change is outpacing their capacity to do so. Historical averages are no longer a reliable guide for the future. Losses ...
A New Theory of Cloud Formation and Climate Change on the Earth
... (meaning cloud in Latin) identified as the rain producing clouds. These names could be combined to describe almost all kinds of combination forms and features of cloud formations e.g. stratocumulus, cirrostratus, cumulonimbus etc. Today, the WMO has classified clouds into 10 types, which are further ...
... (meaning cloud in Latin) identified as the rain producing clouds. These names could be combined to describe almost all kinds of combination forms and features of cloud formations e.g. stratocumulus, cirrostratus, cumulonimbus etc. Today, the WMO has classified clouds into 10 types, which are further ...
Warm climates of the past—a lesson for the future?
... atmosphere and radiation and the greenhouse effect, this is consistent with the idea that increases in CO2 can have a large influence on the Earth system. However, without well-constrained proxy evidence for exactly how much higher CO2 concentrations were, this information is only qualitative, and so ...
... atmosphere and radiation and the greenhouse effect, this is consistent with the idea that increases in CO2 can have a large influence on the Earth system. However, without well-constrained proxy evidence for exactly how much higher CO2 concentrations were, this information is only qualitative, and so ...
sea-level rise
... 2008). Arctic sea ice used to cover over 7 million square kilometres during the height of summer. As this report went to publication, sea ice was at a record low, close to 3 million km² in the Arctic Sea (NSIDC, 2012). Much of the heat in the atmosphere is also absorbed by the oceans, which release ...
... 2008). Arctic sea ice used to cover over 7 million square kilometres during the height of summer. As this report went to publication, sea ice was at a record low, close to 3 million km² in the Arctic Sea (NSIDC, 2012). Much of the heat in the atmosphere is also absorbed by the oceans, which release ...
- Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive
... results; even if the mean wind speed was three times faster (10.17 m s−1) the calculated change in kinetic energy would still only be −0.95 J decade−1, which is over two orders of magnitude smaller than either of the thermal components (see Table 1). A direct assessment of observed changes in kineti ...
... results; even if the mean wind speed was three times faster (10.17 m s−1) the calculated change in kinetic energy would still only be −0.95 J decade−1, which is over two orders of magnitude smaller than either of the thermal components (see Table 1). A direct assessment of observed changes in kineti ...
Precipitation and temperature regime over Cyprus as a result of
... temperature closely resemble the observed records. The simulations are poorer in regions situated at higher altitudes. As far as the estimated precipitation is concerned, the model performed generally well, despite the fact that it tended to underestimate high precipitation amounts compared to the m ...
... temperature closely resemble the observed records. The simulations are poorer in regions situated at higher altitudes. As far as the estimated precipitation is concerned, the model performed generally well, despite the fact that it tended to underestimate high precipitation amounts compared to the m ...
How to communicate the scientific consensus on climate change
... between-subject design with a total of eleven treatment conditions, each of which contained approximately 100 participants. In order to disguise the real purpose of the experiment, subjects were informed at the start of the survey that they were participating in a public opinion poll about popular t ...
... between-subject design with a total of eleven treatment conditions, each of which contained approximately 100 participants. In order to disguise the real purpose of the experiment, subjects were informed at the start of the survey that they were participating in a public opinion poll about popular t ...
Projected climate-induced faunal change in the Western Hemisphere
... Recent climatic changes have already caused shifts in species distributions (Parmesan 2006). In general, species have been found to be moving their ranges poleward in latitude and upward in elevation at rates that are consistent with recent temperature increases. Because future changes in climate ar ...
... Recent climatic changes have already caused shifts in species distributions (Parmesan 2006). In general, species have been found to be moving their ranges poleward in latitude and upward in elevation at rates that are consistent with recent temperature increases. Because future changes in climate ar ...
Understanding the Earth as a Complex System – recent advances in
... the Earth’s body (via pressure forces) and the climate system (e.g. through the ice-albedo feedback, which amplifies the cooling effect by an increasing reflection of solar irradiation). Vice versa, the disappearing of polar ice sheets is clearly a result of gradual long-term climate changes, but can a ...
... the Earth’s body (via pressure forces) and the climate system (e.g. through the ice-albedo feedback, which amplifies the cooling effect by an increasing reflection of solar irradiation). Vice versa, the disappearing of polar ice sheets is clearly a result of gradual long-term climate changes, but can a ...
Slide 1
... Provides grants for projects related to six focal areas: biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land degradation, the ozone layer, and persistent organic pollutants ...
... Provides grants for projects related to six focal areas: biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land degradation, the ozone layer, and persistent organic pollutants ...
Climate change: helping nature survive the human response
... climate-related impacts in the future. For example, in the American Southwest, decreasing water supplies coupled with rising populations have spurred efforts to transfer groundwater from riparian valleys in eastern Nevada to Las Vegas. The proposed infrastructure would involve over 100 wells, 500 km ...
... climate-related impacts in the future. For example, in the American Southwest, decreasing water supplies coupled with rising populations have spurred efforts to transfer groundwater from riparian valleys in eastern Nevada to Las Vegas. The proposed infrastructure would involve over 100 wells, 500 km ...
Bates_2004 - Bowdoin College
... Why should we care about climate change? “An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a warming world…” “…most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.” “ Anthropogenic climate change will persist for many centuries.” “Emissions of gre ...
... Why should we care about climate change? “An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a warming world…” “…most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.” “ Anthropogenic climate change will persist for many centuries.” “Emissions of gre ...
Mainstreaming Water In Climate Change Adaptation
... NWP partner organizations have pledged actions contributing to the enhancement of understanding and assessment of vulnerability and adaptation practices in the water sector. Existing knowledge products-such as adaptation planning practices interface and local coping strategies provide information on ...
... NWP partner organizations have pledged actions contributing to the enhancement of understanding and assessment of vulnerability and adaptation practices in the water sector. Existing knowledge products-such as adaptation planning practices interface and local coping strategies provide information on ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.