Please amend title - International Association for Impact
... “The danger posed by climate change cannot be denied Future generations will look back and wonder why we refused to act ...
... “The danger posed by climate change cannot be denied Future generations will look back and wonder why we refused to act ...
An Economic Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol
... efficient, effective outcome. Efficient emission reducthe developed world, specifically the US and Europe, tion standards would reflect economic and scientific pioneered the use of fossil fuels during industrializafactors, including GHG concentrations and MC’s of tion and therefore, created the curr ...
... efficient, effective outcome. Efficient emission reducthe developed world, specifically the US and Europe, tion standards would reflect economic and scientific pioneered the use of fossil fuels during industrializafactors, including GHG concentrations and MC’s of tion and therefore, created the curr ...
Future Climate Impact on the Desertification in the Dry Land Asia
... clear that the degradation has led to the creation of desert-like conditions [7]. Warming trends and increasing temperature extremes have been observed in most of Asia over the past century, but there is much uncertainty in future precipitation; this is critical because water scarcity is expected to ...
... clear that the degradation has led to the creation of desert-like conditions [7]. Warming trends and increasing temperature extremes have been observed in most of Asia over the past century, but there is much uncertainty in future precipitation; this is critical because water scarcity is expected to ...
Hydrology - Tufts University School of Engineering
... that part of the infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface is trapped by atmospheric gases, giving rise to the greenhouse effect. This entrapment of infrared radiation (estimated at 153 W m -2 under current 'equilibrium' conditions) contributes to atmospheric warming and to infrared emissi ...
... that part of the infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface is trapped by atmospheric gases, giving rise to the greenhouse effect. This entrapment of infrared radiation (estimated at 153 W m -2 under current 'equilibrium' conditions) contributes to atmospheric warming and to infrared emissi ...
Impacts of Climate Change for the State of Indiana
... As winter temperatures have warmed across the region, more precipitation has been falling as rain and less as snow, though only the decrease in northern Indiana has been found to be statistically significant (Sinha and Cherkauer, 2008). This suggests that despite increased winter air temperatures, s ...
... As winter temperatures have warmed across the region, more precipitation has been falling as rain and less as snow, though only the decrease in northern Indiana has been found to be statistically significant (Sinha and Cherkauer, 2008). This suggests that despite increased winter air temperatures, s ...
exploratory team report - Water Environment Research Foundation
... The impacts resulting from climate change may prove to be one of the biggest challenges facing the water industry in this century. Changes already seen in the record of the past half-century include an increase in extreme flow events, degradation of water quality, increases in water temperatures, an ...
... The impacts resulting from climate change may prove to be one of the biggest challenges facing the water industry in this century. Changes already seen in the record of the past half-century include an increase in extreme flow events, degradation of water quality, increases in water temperatures, an ...
Domestic Politics and Global Climate Policy
... the government, and has higher costs of replacing the government. Less effective governments are thus likely to make high concessions even when such concessions are not necessary for reaching an agreement, as long as the issue under negotiation is not very salient (Wolinsky 1994, 7). ...
... the government, and has higher costs of replacing the government. Less effective governments are thus likely to make high concessions even when such concessions are not necessary for reaching an agreement, as long as the issue under negotiation is not very salient (Wolinsky 1994, 7). ...
PowerPoint Template - Nigerian Meteorological Agency
... Definitions and Basic Concepts Climate is the average condition of weather in a place. It is expressed as the mean state described by temperature, wind, rainfall, sunshine etc. By the standard stipulated by WMO, the condition should be averaged over at least a 30-year period Climate Change as defin ...
... Definitions and Basic Concepts Climate is the average condition of weather in a place. It is expressed as the mean state described by temperature, wind, rainfall, sunshine etc. By the standard stipulated by WMO, the condition should be averaged over at least a 30-year period Climate Change as defin ...
3B.9 THE U.S. GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (GCOS
... known as the Climate Reference Network (CRN). The CRN is designed to answer the question: How has the U.S. climate changed over the past 50 years at national, regional, and local levels? Since 2002, 100 CRN stations have been put into operation out of a planned 115 stations in the Continental U.S. [ ...
... known as the Climate Reference Network (CRN). The CRN is designed to answer the question: How has the U.S. climate changed over the past 50 years at national, regional, and local levels? Since 2002, 100 CRN stations have been put into operation out of a planned 115 stations in the Continental U.S. [ ...
ACTSA Briefing paper_Climate change in southern
... further aggravated by climate variability and climate change. With a temperature rise of four degrees, some projections show that an increase in droughts across Africa may cause a fall in harvests of roughly 15 - 35 percent, in stark contrast to an average global decline of 10 percent, according to ...
... further aggravated by climate variability and climate change. With a temperature rise of four degrees, some projections show that an increase in droughts across Africa may cause a fall in harvests of roughly 15 - 35 percent, in stark contrast to an average global decline of 10 percent, according to ...
" Food Miles" to - University of Maine School of Law Digital Commons
... amount of acreage producing more rice.27 In the context of overall greenhouse gas emissions from food production, it should be highlighted that the total warming potential of methane emissions from rice cultivation approximately equals total carbon emissions from energy use and combustion of fossil ...
... amount of acreage producing more rice.27 In the context of overall greenhouse gas emissions from food production, it should be highlighted that the total warming potential of methane emissions from rice cultivation approximately equals total carbon emissions from energy use and combustion of fossil ...
Climate Change Strategy - West Gippsland Catchment Management
... The West Gippsland region has been exposed to major climate related events, including wildfire, flood and drought in recent times. These events have had a significant impact on the natural environment, including native habitat and biodiversity, waterways, coastal ecosystems and soils; all of which a ...
... The West Gippsland region has been exposed to major climate related events, including wildfire, flood and drought in recent times. These events have had a significant impact on the natural environment, including native habitat and biodiversity, waterways, coastal ecosystems and soils; all of which a ...
A Micro-econometric Analysis of Adaptation to Climate Change
... households. Furthermore, the destination choice and destination loyalty are strongly determined by risk aversion and motives of risk reduction and the perceptions of risk (e.g. Gitelson and Crompton 1984; Ryan 1995). This leads to the following hypothesis that is examined in the empirical analysis: ...
... households. Furthermore, the destination choice and destination loyalty are strongly determined by risk aversion and motives of risk reduction and the perceptions of risk (e.g. Gitelson and Crompton 1984; Ryan 1995). This leads to the following hypothesis that is examined in the empirical analysis: ...
CCWG Report - Mennonite Church Canada
... The planet’s changing climate is of increasing concern. Scientific assessment of the present and probable future changes to the world’s climate and the impacts on human populations in increasingly solid according to the conventions of social and natural science research.1 As briefly sketched in Appe ...
... The planet’s changing climate is of increasing concern. Scientific assessment of the present and probable future changes to the world’s climate and the impacts on human populations in increasingly solid according to the conventions of social and natural science research.1 As briefly sketched in Appe ...
Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change
... The urban heat island is the elevation of air temperature within cities, and to a smaller extent within towns and villages, relative to the surrounding countryside. It is caused mainly by the retention of solar heat in the fabric of buildings and ground surfaces, and the obstruction and re-absorptio ...
... The urban heat island is the elevation of air temperature within cities, and to a smaller extent within towns and villages, relative to the surrounding countryside. It is caused mainly by the retention of solar heat in the fabric of buildings and ground surfaces, and the obstruction and re-absorptio ...
Probability in the attribution and prediction of climate change
... increases the risk of extreme high temperatures. It is likely (90% confidence) that past human influence on climate was responsible for at least half the risk of the 2003 European summer heat-wave. “Plaintiffs ... must show that, more probably than not, their individual injuries were caused by the r ...
... increases the risk of extreme high temperatures. It is likely (90% confidence) that past human influence on climate was responsible for at least half the risk of the 2003 European summer heat-wave. “Plaintiffs ... must show that, more probably than not, their individual injuries were caused by the r ...
Saleemul Huq - Global Change System for Analysis, Research and
... • Choosing climate change and sea level rise scenarios • Modelling impacts of chosen climate change scenarios on droughts, floods, ...
... • Choosing climate change and sea level rise scenarios • Modelling impacts of chosen climate change scenarios on droughts, floods, ...
Urban Heat Island and Air Quality of London, UK
... favour the creation of more temperature inversions trapping pollutants in the nearsurface layer of the atmosphere. For example, it has been estimated that a 1 degree Celsius rise in summer air temperatures (also a proxy for the amount of catalysing sunshine) is associated with a 14% increase in surf ...
... favour the creation of more temperature inversions trapping pollutants in the nearsurface layer of the atmosphere. For example, it has been estimated that a 1 degree Celsius rise in summer air temperatures (also a proxy for the amount of catalysing sunshine) is associated with a 14% increase in surf ...
Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Ohio
... (Figure 2), but it is only one of many ramifications of higher GHG concentrations. Since disruption of Earth’s energy balance is neither seasonally nor geographically uniform, effects of climate disruption vary across space as well as time. For example, there has been a widespread retreat of mountai ...
... (Figure 2), but it is only one of many ramifications of higher GHG concentrations. Since disruption of Earth’s energy balance is neither seasonally nor geographically uniform, effects of climate disruption vary across space as well as time. For example, there has been a widespread retreat of mountai ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Water Availability
... normals can include statistics of how frequently heatwaves, cold spells, droughts, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes occur. It is these climate extremes that often have the greatest impacts. ...
... normals can include statistics of how frequently heatwaves, cold spells, droughts, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes occur. It is these climate extremes that often have the greatest impacts. ...
1 - Terranova
... A modelling study of the Central Slopes using APSIM (Power 2014 - unpublished) showed projected climate change to 2030 to have little overall effect on either annual wheat or sorghum yield compared to historical levels. In general, the CO2 fertilisation effects negated the negative effects of less r ...
... A modelling study of the Central Slopes using APSIM (Power 2014 - unpublished) showed projected climate change to 2030 to have little overall effect on either annual wheat or sorghum yield compared to historical levels. In general, the CO2 fertilisation effects negated the negative effects of less r ...
Impacts of Europe`s changing climate
... Various adaptation measures are available to reduce these risks. But there are limits to adaptation: due to the thermal inertia of the oceans, sea‑level rise would not stop by 2100 even if greenhouse gas concentrations were stabilised. Over a period of centuries and millennia, a very large SLR could ...
... Various adaptation measures are available to reduce these risks. But there are limits to adaptation: due to the thermal inertia of the oceans, sea‑level rise would not stop by 2100 even if greenhouse gas concentrations were stabilised. Over a period of centuries and millennia, a very large SLR could ...
The Effect of Urban Heat Island on Climate Warming in the Yangtze
... Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, industrial and agricultural activities, such as fossil fuel burning and land use change, have significantly increased the concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlo ...
... Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, industrial and agricultural activities, such as fossil fuel burning and land use change, have significantly increased the concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlo ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.