an inconvenient burden of proof? co2 nuisance plaintiffs will face
... was not invented until the 1600s.14 Regular and reliable observation and recordation of local temperatures began only about 100 years ago.15 It was not until 1979 that mankind was able to take the temperature of the entire globe Regular direct measurement and monitoring of CO2 using satellites.16 co ...
... was not invented until the 1600s.14 Regular and reliable observation and recordation of local temperatures began only about 100 years ago.15 It was not until 1979 that mankind was able to take the temperature of the entire globe Regular direct measurement and monitoring of CO2 using satellites.16 co ...
Health & Safety – risk assessment
... averages and extremes. Temperature changes affect urban dwellers in many ways, influencing their health and comfort, energy costs, air quality and visibility levels, water availability and quality, ecological services, recreation, and overall quality of life. Source: Arizona State University http:// ...
... averages and extremes. Temperature changes affect urban dwellers in many ways, influencing their health and comfort, energy costs, air quality and visibility levels, water availability and quality, ecological services, recreation, and overall quality of life. Source: Arizona State University http:// ...
Climate Refugees - Lutheran Office for Public Policy in Wisconsin
... Translating science into policy and law - using scientific uncertainty as an excuse IPCC 5th Assessment Report to Policymakers(2014): “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ...
... Translating science into policy and law - using scientific uncertainty as an excuse IPCC 5th Assessment Report to Policymakers(2014): “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ...
Impact of Climate Change on Pavement Performance: Preliminary Lessons Learned through the Infrastructure and Climate Network (ICNet). Climate Effects on Pavement and Geotechnical Infrastructure.
... Even if the climate projections are consistent across studies, challenges will still arise from how to best use that information. For example, the MEPDG/S requires climate projections at an hourly time resolution that are not readily available from either global or regional climate models, so Meaghe ...
... Even if the climate projections are consistent across studies, challenges will still arise from how to best use that information. For example, the MEPDG/S requires climate projections at an hourly time resolution that are not readily available from either global or regional climate models, so Meaghe ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... change. But this is not enough. CO2 mitigation must be combined with fast and aggressive reductions of the pollutants causing the other 40-45% of forcing.2 These pollutants include black carbon, tropospheric ozone, methane, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Because these pollutants have atmospheric lif ...
... change. But this is not enough. CO2 mitigation must be combined with fast and aggressive reductions of the pollutants causing the other 40-45% of forcing.2 These pollutants include black carbon, tropospheric ozone, methane, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Because these pollutants have atmospheric lif ...
Conclusion: Reconstructing and Modelling Past Oceans 1 A
... The first interdisciplinary project to reconstruct climate began in the 1970s and was led by the marine geologists John Imbrie and Jim Hayes and the geochemist Nick Shackelton. The CLIMAP (Climate: Long-range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction) project reconstructed the surface of the Earth at t ...
... The first interdisciplinary project to reconstruct climate began in the 1970s and was led by the marine geologists John Imbrie and Jim Hayes and the geochemist Nick Shackelton. The CLIMAP (Climate: Long-range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction) project reconstructed the surface of the Earth at t ...
From Mars and Venus Down to Earth: Understanding the
... problems the Americans have experienced in inducing others to contribute to Iraq’s reconstruction. The climate arena more clearly requires policy adjustments by all states, as emissions reductions by only some countries might not have any meaningful impact on mitigating global warming. Even if we ac ...
... problems the Americans have experienced in inducing others to contribute to Iraq’s reconstruction. The climate arena more clearly requires policy adjustments by all states, as emissions reductions by only some countries might not have any meaningful impact on mitigating global warming. Even if we ac ...
Slide 1
... The combined result of these human interventions has been to change the planetary balance between the sources, sinks and storage pools of carbon. Put crudely, Earth is now emitting more carbon to the atmosphere than it can absorb. This changing imbalance is reflected in a progressive increase in CO2 ...
... The combined result of these human interventions has been to change the planetary balance between the sources, sinks and storage pools of carbon. Put crudely, Earth is now emitting more carbon to the atmosphere than it can absorb. This changing imbalance is reflected in a progressive increase in CO2 ...
Climate Change and Human Security
... 4. Thinking through Linkages between Climate Change and Security There are at least seven ways that climate change is likely to affect security in its narrow and wider meanings. Some effects are already evident and will become very clear in the human and climatic short run (2007-2020). They will inc ...
... 4. Thinking through Linkages between Climate Change and Security There are at least seven ways that climate change is likely to affect security in its narrow and wider meanings. Some effects are already evident and will become very clear in the human and climatic short run (2007-2020). They will inc ...
LONG-TERM CLIMATE POLICY TARGETSAND IMPLICATIONS
... emission levels to be near the current level, followed by rapid reductions thereafter. This requires an average annual global decarbonisation rate of 4% to 6% for the period from 2020 to 2050. – Further delay in reducing emissions beyond 2020, i.e. continuing current and planned policies until 2030 ...
... emission levels to be near the current level, followed by rapid reductions thereafter. This requires an average annual global decarbonisation rate of 4% to 6% for the period from 2020 to 2050. – Further delay in reducing emissions beyond 2020, i.e. continuing current and planned policies until 2030 ...
Climate notes
... • Even short-term changes in the climate may lead to long-lasting effects that may make the survival of life on Earth more difficult for both humans and other species. • Some of these potential climate changes include global warming, sea-level changes, and changes in precipitation. Chapter menu ...
... • Even short-term changes in the climate may lead to long-lasting effects that may make the survival of life on Earth more difficult for both humans and other species. • Some of these potential climate changes include global warming, sea-level changes, and changes in precipitation. Chapter menu ...
Vol.12, No.1, 2012
... “Ecosystems must adapt continually to environmental changes. Adaptation is more likely, though, if the rate of change is slow,” explains Friedrich. “The last time that atmospheric temperatures and CO2 rose rapidly occurred when Earth came out of its last deepfreeze and started to warm 17,000 years a ...
... “Ecosystems must adapt continually to environmental changes. Adaptation is more likely, though, if the rate of change is slow,” explains Friedrich. “The last time that atmospheric temperatures and CO2 rose rapidly occurred when Earth came out of its last deepfreeze and started to warm 17,000 years a ...
A Review of the Linkages between Climate Change, Agricultural
... Sustainability and Recent Food Crisis ...
... Sustainability and Recent Food Crisis ...
The Climate Information Portal
... CIP is available freely via its website – users are requested to create an account so that they may be contacted with regards to changes, improvements and new developments. The majority of the users are from within the NGO and government agency communities of Africa. The target audience includes Loc ...
... CIP is available freely via its website – users are requested to create an account so that they may be contacted with regards to changes, improvements and new developments. The majority of the users are from within the NGO and government agency communities of Africa. The target audience includes Loc ...
... are possible in practices, processes, or structures of systems to anticipated or actual changes of climate. It is a measure of the resilience or resistance to negative climatic stimuli as well as the coping capacity of a community or nation. Coping capacity is usually considered as a sub-system unde ...
Climate, Grapes, and Wine: Structure and Suitability in
... while the vast majority of the world’s wine regions are found within these average growing season climate zones, there are some exceptions. For example, there are defined winegrape growing areas in the United States (Texas, Oklahoma, and the Mississippi delta region), Brazil (São Francisco Valley), ...
... while the vast majority of the world’s wine regions are found within these average growing season climate zones, there are some exceptions. For example, there are defined winegrape growing areas in the United States (Texas, Oklahoma, and the Mississippi delta region), Brazil (São Francisco Valley), ...
Document
... emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes in low and middle income countries has been released in the production of goods and services exported, notably from upper‐middle income countries to high income countries. ...
... emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes in low and middle income countries has been released in the production of goods and services exported, notably from upper‐middle income countries to high income countries. ...
the american carbon foodprint
... Greenhouse gases released by human activities (including feeding 6 billion people) are building up in the atmosphere, trapping heat that would otherwise escape into space and altering the fundamental climate processes that drive global weather patterns. Runaway climate change poses serious threats t ...
... Greenhouse gases released by human activities (including feeding 6 billion people) are building up in the atmosphere, trapping heat that would otherwise escape into space and altering the fundamental climate processes that drive global weather patterns. Runaway climate change poses serious threats t ...
Projecting Climate Change in Hawaii
... Until recently, the intense public and official interest in climate change in Hawai‘i perhaps was not matched by the activity of the climate research community. The physical science working group contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in ...
... Until recently, the intense public and official interest in climate change in Hawai‘i perhaps was not matched by the activity of the climate research community. The physical science working group contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in ...
The Ivory Lighthouse: communicating climate change
... change and negotiating actions such as limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The social sciences and humanities have a much larger role to play in understanding what ...
... change and negotiating actions such as limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The social sciences and humanities have a much larger role to play in understanding what ...
Ideas and perspectives: climate-relevant marine biologically driven
... is large and comparable to the atmospheric CO2 reservoir (Hansell et al., 2009), but it will have little impact on the climate system on timescales of several hundreds of years, unless an imbalance between sources and sinks evolves. Although it has been speculated that such changes may occur under o ...
... is large and comparable to the atmospheric CO2 reservoir (Hansell et al., 2009), but it will have little impact on the climate system on timescales of several hundreds of years, unless an imbalance between sources and sinks evolves. Although it has been speculated that such changes may occur under o ...
speakers profiles - USAID Adapt Asia
... Veronica Pedrosa is a veteran of more than 20 years' international news experience. She has lived and worked in three continents, and during her career she has made significant contributions to the world’s best known news broadcasts. Veronica has built up a reputation as one of the world’s most reco ...
... Veronica Pedrosa is a veteran of more than 20 years' international news experience. She has lived and worked in three continents, and during her career she has made significant contributions to the world’s best known news broadcasts. Veronica has built up a reputation as one of the world’s most reco ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.