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... rapidly. To stabilize climate, a de-carbonized global society—with near-zero emissions of CO2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases—needs to be reached well within this century. …[E]very year of delayed action increases the chances of exceeding 2°C warming (UNSW 2009: 7). Even with mitigation effort ...
... rapidly. To stabilize climate, a de-carbonized global society—with near-zero emissions of CO2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases—needs to be reached well within this century. …[E]very year of delayed action increases the chances of exceeding 2°C warming (UNSW 2009: 7). Even with mitigation effort ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... 33. A GEF funded and GCOS (WMO) executed project: “Capacity Building for Observing Systems” plans to organise regional workshops and develop regional plans based on the current status of observing systems in the region, including gaps and deficiencies in networks and the importance of rescuing histo ...
... 33. A GEF funded and GCOS (WMO) executed project: “Capacity Building for Observing Systems” plans to organise regional workshops and develop regional plans based on the current status of observing systems in the region, including gaps and deficiencies in networks and the importance of rescuing histo ...
Carbon Credits Program - Southern Section Air & Waste
... Scientific Assessment of the Effects of Climate Change on the United States The IPCC concluded that it is unequivocal that the average temperature of the Earth’s surface has warmed recently and it is very likely (greater than 90% probability) that most of this global warming is due to increase co ...
... Scientific Assessment of the Effects of Climate Change on the United States The IPCC concluded that it is unequivocal that the average temperature of the Earth’s surface has warmed recently and it is very likely (greater than 90% probability) that most of this global warming is due to increase co ...
English - unfccc
... Furthermore, the reduced rainfall observed or projected in Area 4 (Katanga) and in Area 1 (Low‐ Congo) could be explained by the relevant changes of the Inter‐Oceanic Confluence (IOC) which is the basic pluviogenetic entity in the northern part of the DRC. Indeed, it appears that th ...
... Furthermore, the reduced rainfall observed or projected in Area 4 (Katanga) and in Area 1 (Low‐ Congo) could be explained by the relevant changes of the Inter‐Oceanic Confluence (IOC) which is the basic pluviogenetic entity in the northern part of the DRC. Indeed, it appears that th ...
Climate Change News 24 December 11
... held on 3 December 2011, during which more than 500 participants addressed priorities for meeting food security challenges while supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation. Participants noted that a Work Programme on Agriculture has been stalled for too long in the Ad hoc Working Group on L ...
... held on 3 December 2011, during which more than 500 participants addressed priorities for meeting food security challenges while supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation. Participants noted that a Work Programme on Agriculture has been stalled for too long in the Ad hoc Working Group on L ...
A Kantian approach to sustainable development indicators for
... at the same time it is unclear to what extent the country in question is to blame. The indicator could then lose political influence. Global warming represents one of man's biggest environmental challenges. The objective of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 1992) is to stabilize ...
... at the same time it is unclear to what extent the country in question is to blame. The indicator could then lose political influence. Global warming represents one of man's biggest environmental challenges. The objective of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 1992) is to stabilize ...
MEECS Climate Change Unit Introduction
... • Explain how carbon exists in different forms such as limestone (rock), carbon dioxide (gas), carbonic acid (water), and animals (life) within Earth systems and how those forms can be beneficial or harmful to humans. E2.3A • Explain how carbon moves through the Earth system (including the geosphe ...
... • Explain how carbon exists in different forms such as limestone (rock), carbon dioxide (gas), carbonic acid (water), and animals (life) within Earth systems and how those forms can be beneficial or harmful to humans. E2.3A • Explain how carbon moves through the Earth system (including the geosphe ...
The Economics of Climate Change – Likely Carbon Sequestration
... 4. The 1000 GTC budget (based on 2°C IPCC target) is too high, so a lower target is needed 5. We will certainly overshoot the target by a very large amount, so we will need to remove significant quantities CO2 to meet a realistic carbon budget 6. Bio-energy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the ...
... 4. The 1000 GTC budget (based on 2°C IPCC target) is too high, so a lower target is needed 5. We will certainly overshoot the target by a very large amount, so we will need to remove significant quantities CO2 to meet a realistic carbon budget 6. Bio-energy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on London
... London is protected from major flooding by a combination of tidal defences (the Thames Barrier and associated sea defence system), and river defences upstream of the Barrier. The current flood defence standard for the tidal defences is estimated to be about a 2000 to 1 chance of flooding in any year ...
... London is protected from major flooding by a combination of tidal defences (the Thames Barrier and associated sea defence system), and river defences upstream of the Barrier. The current flood defence standard for the tidal defences is estimated to be about a 2000 to 1 chance of flooding in any year ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on London
... In the UK there has been a string of unusually warm and dry summers in 1976, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1994 and 1995 that has no modern close parallel. Winter rainfall has steadily increased, resulting in a greater contrast between winter and summer rainfall over the Thames region (Figure 1). There ha ...
... In the UK there has been a string of unusually warm and dry summers in 1976, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1994 and 1995 that has no modern close parallel. Winter rainfall has steadily increased, resulting in a greater contrast between winter and summer rainfall over the Thames region (Figure 1). There ha ...
David A. Ridley - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA (Oct 2014 – Present) Research Scientist Developing a global dust aerosol metric from s ...
... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA (Oct 2014 – Present) Research Scientist Developing a global dust aerosol metric from s ...
PDF
... production will become one of the most significant policy issues, in both developed and developing countries, in the first few decades of the 21st century. Global and regional climate change will modify both agricultural production capacity and its location, and the intensity of agricultural product ...
... production will become one of the most significant policy issues, in both developed and developing countries, in the first few decades of the 21st century. Global and regional climate change will modify both agricultural production capacity and its location, and the intensity of agricultural product ...
Rising vulnerability in the global food system: environmental pressures and climate change
... In fact the losses seem inevitable, given the typically low economic returns to farm capital and labour compared with non-agricultural uses (Figure 4.3). Such losses are essentially irreversible, and in land-scarce countries the implications for food security could be serious. Estimates of non-agric ...
... In fact the losses seem inevitable, given the typically low economic returns to farm capital and labour compared with non-agricultural uses (Figure 4.3). Such losses are essentially irreversible, and in land-scarce countries the implications for food security could be serious. Estimates of non-agric ...
Modelling the Effect of Climate Change on Environmental Pollution
... Global climate change is expected to severely affect services and goods from agricultural ecosystems. Among these services and goods, changes in crop productivity have received most of the scientific attention in Europe (e.g. Olesen and Bindi, 2002). Modelling results suggest that for a range of med ...
... Global climate change is expected to severely affect services and goods from agricultural ecosystems. Among these services and goods, changes in crop productivity have received most of the scientific attention in Europe (e.g. Olesen and Bindi, 2002). Modelling results suggest that for a range of med ...
Climate Change Case Law Update
... the policies in the ATWP) and that which could be accommodated within the 2050 Target. In short, the best current evidence is that steps will have to be taken to constrain demand to well below that which would be provided for by the capacity increases in the ATWP 2003; and The level of growth in mpp ...
... the policies in the ATWP) and that which could be accommodated within the 2050 Target. In short, the best current evidence is that steps will have to be taken to constrain demand to well below that which would be provided for by the capacity increases in the ATWP 2003; and The level of growth in mpp ...
The influence of dynamic vegetation on the present
... the vegetation distribution (Fig. 8a, b and d). With the original AMIP land cover distribution, the sensitivity is smaller because there is much less dust (Fig. 8c). The low level monsoon circulation (Fig. 9) is reduced in association with the change in radiative heating and precipitation. The impac ...
... the vegetation distribution (Fig. 8a, b and d). With the original AMIP land cover distribution, the sensitivity is smaller because there is much less dust (Fig. 8c). The low level monsoon circulation (Fig. 9) is reduced in association with the change in radiative heating and precipitation. The impac ...
alexander b. polonsky
... degrees in the recent coupled models is eddyresolving for the atmosphere but not the oceanic part. Certainly, the resolution of coupled models may be improved essentially in the near future. However, it is not clear whether a more detailed resolution itself may improve essentially the results of cli ...
... degrees in the recent coupled models is eddyresolving for the atmosphere but not the oceanic part. Certainly, the resolution of coupled models may be improved essentially in the near future. However, it is not clear whether a more detailed resolution itself may improve essentially the results of cli ...
Module 6 - Budget - Global Climate Change Alliance
... in the budgetary process Are budget planning and expenditures being directed toward the appropriate priorities in view of adaptation and mitigation?* Do recent changes in budget allocations and expenditures provide evidence of increased attention to adaptation to climate variability, disaster pr ...
... in the budgetary process Are budget planning and expenditures being directed toward the appropriate priorities in view of adaptation and mitigation?* Do recent changes in budget allocations and expenditures provide evidence of increased attention to adaptation to climate variability, disaster pr ...
Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?
... and stratospheric water vapor [12]. The resulting GHG forcing between the LGM and late Holocene is 3 W/m2, apportioned as 75% CO2, 14% CH4 and 11% N2O. The second refinement in our calculations is to surface albedo. Based on models of ice sheet shape, we take the horizontal area of the ice sheet as ...
... and stratospheric water vapor [12]. The resulting GHG forcing between the LGM and late Holocene is 3 W/m2, apportioned as 75% CO2, 14% CH4 and 11% N2O. The second refinement in our calculations is to surface albedo. Based on models of ice sheet shape, we take the horizontal area of the ice sheet as ...
Project Presentation - Worldwide Universities Network
... Synthesis/analysis of existing flux measurements (including CO2 and CH4) from the arctic/boreal zone Process studies for key components, including sea-ice processes, ...
... Synthesis/analysis of existing flux measurements (including CO2 and CH4) from the arctic/boreal zone Process studies for key components, including sea-ice processes, ...
A Climate Chronology - University of Maine
... and the rate is increasing every year. Today this factor is larger than any contribution from the inorganic world. Thus today man by his own activities is increasing the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at the rate of 30 per cent a century….Even if there may be some question as to whether or not the ...
... and the rate is increasing every year. Today this factor is larger than any contribution from the inorganic world. Thus today man by his own activities is increasing the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at the rate of 30 per cent a century….Even if there may be some question as to whether or not the ...
presentation - Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand
... electricity generators, who must purchase and remit units to cover their fuel burn. ...
... electricity generators, who must purchase and remit units to cover their fuel burn. ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.