Robust spatially aggregated projections of climate
... vary from −1 ◦ C to +7 ◦ C for cold and +1.5 ◦ C to 5.5 ◦ C for hot extremes, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 4). Likewise, different members do not agree on the sign of changes in dry spell length and heavy precipitation intensity. We refer to the multimember mean across CESM-IC (Fig. 1, right), a ...
... vary from −1 ◦ C to +7 ◦ C for cold and +1.5 ◦ C to 5.5 ◦ C for hot extremes, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 4). Likewise, different members do not agree on the sign of changes in dry spell length and heavy precipitation intensity. We refer to the multimember mean across CESM-IC (Fig. 1, right), a ...
Talking about a revolution: climate change and the media
... before it struck Bangladesh. But as he pointed out, there was scant international media coverage of the impending disaster. True, climate change’s media profile has never been higher, and public awareness is rising fast worldwide. But in most nations, coverage of sport, celebrities, politics, the ec ...
... before it struck Bangladesh. But as he pointed out, there was scant international media coverage of the impending disaster. True, climate change’s media profile has never been higher, and public awareness is rising fast worldwide. But in most nations, coverage of sport, celebrities, politics, the ec ...
Cutting the Knot
... a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the anticipated impacts of a warming climate, and particularly with new evidence of drastic impacts in the Arctic3, it is quite clear that, even with the global mean surface temper ...
... a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the anticipated impacts of a warming climate, and particularly with new evidence of drastic impacts in the Arctic3, it is quite clear that, even with the global mean surface temper ...
Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
... Humans influence climate primarily through fossil-fuel, industrial, agricultural, and other landuse emissions that alter atmospheric composition. Long-lived, heat-trapping greenhouse gases (CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, tropospheric ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons) warm the planet’s surface globally, whereas short ...
... Humans influence climate primarily through fossil-fuel, industrial, agricultural, and other landuse emissions that alter atmospheric composition. Long-lived, heat-trapping greenhouse gases (CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, tropospheric ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons) warm the planet’s surface globally, whereas short ...
Climate Change and Biodiversity in North East England
... change. In addition to their wonderful wildlife, woodlands play a role in climate change mitigation by providing a carbon sink and store. They contribute to flood management through attenuating downstream peak water flows, protecting fish populations through shading and consequent water temperature ...
... change. In addition to their wonderful wildlife, woodlands play a role in climate change mitigation by providing a carbon sink and store. They contribute to flood management through attenuating downstream peak water flows, protecting fish populations through shading and consequent water temperature ...
Understanding Seasonal Variability in thin Cirrus Clouds from
... net radiative forcing represents one of the primary uncertainties in climate feedback, as sub-visible clouds play a fundamental role in atmospheric radiation balance and climate change. A lidar is a very sensitive optical device to detect clouds with an optical depth as low as 10-4. In this paper we ...
... net radiative forcing represents one of the primary uncertainties in climate feedback, as sub-visible clouds play a fundamental role in atmospheric radiation balance and climate change. A lidar is a very sensitive optical device to detect clouds with an optical depth as low as 10-4. In this paper we ...
climate variable mapping and agriculture
... overcast weather with significant precipitation in all seasons. The moderating influence of the ocean results in cooler summers and warmer winters than other locations at a similar latitude. A weather station within Metro Vancouver at Vancouver International Airport has a 70 year record of weather o ...
... overcast weather with significant precipitation in all seasons. The moderating influence of the ocean results in cooler summers and warmer winters than other locations at a similar latitude. A weather station within Metro Vancouver at Vancouver International Airport has a 70 year record of weather o ...
0302_Hemer_STAR_2010_WindWave
... EF is a vector (eastwards component, EFu, northwards component EFv) ...
... EF is a vector (eastwards component, EFu, northwards component EFv) ...
Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to
... global carbon cycle, the Kyoto Protocol to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1997) recommends the protection, enhancement and quanti®cation of terrestrial biospheric sinks for anthropogenic CO2 emissions. During the 1980s, oceanic and terrestrial uptake of CO2 each amounted to a ...
... global carbon cycle, the Kyoto Protocol to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1997) recommends the protection, enhancement and quanti®cation of terrestrial biospheric sinks for anthropogenic CO2 emissions. During the 1980s, oceanic and terrestrial uptake of CO2 each amounted to a ...
Economic Opportunities from a Changing Climate
... the Ogallala Aquifer in Kansas has been pumped out and another 39 percent is expected to be depleted in the next half-century (Plumer 2013). In 2012, grain markets had a glimpse of what climate change could bring to the US corn belt, when blistering heat and the worst drought in more than half a cen ...
... the Ogallala Aquifer in Kansas has been pumped out and another 39 percent is expected to be depleted in the next half-century (Plumer 2013). In 2012, grain markets had a glimpse of what climate change could bring to the US corn belt, when blistering heat and the worst drought in more than half a cen ...
The added complications of climate change
... expanding their impact. In particular, changes in fire regimes will affect interactions among native and nonnative species (Keith et al. 2008). Extreme climatic events that stress or kill native species are thought to temporarily increase communities’ susceptibility to invasion (Diez et al. 2012); t ...
... expanding their impact. In particular, changes in fire regimes will affect interactions among native and nonnative species (Keith et al. 2008). Extreme climatic events that stress or kill native species are thought to temporarily increase communities’ susceptibility to invasion (Diez et al. 2012); t ...
adaptation
... AR4 WGII: Current knowledge about responding to climate change • Some adaptation is occurring now, to observed projected climate change, but on a very limited basis. • A wide array of adaptation options are available, but more extensive adaptation than is currently occurring is required to reduce vu ...
... AR4 WGII: Current knowledge about responding to climate change • Some adaptation is occurring now, to observed projected climate change, but on a very limited basis. • A wide array of adaptation options are available, but more extensive adaptation than is currently occurring is required to reduce vu ...
Adaptation and the poor: development, resilience and transition ■ synthesis article
... pollution and resource depletion (Angel and Rock, 2005) imply that ‘modernity no longer seems so attractive in view of ecological problems’ (Pieterse, 2001). In light of these and other contested views of development, the relevance of the discourse may be questioned (Cornwall, 2007). Development is ...
... pollution and resource depletion (Angel and Rock, 2005) imply that ‘modernity no longer seems so attractive in view of ecological problems’ (Pieterse, 2001). In light of these and other contested views of development, the relevance of the discourse may be questioned (Cornwall, 2007). Development is ...
‐century warming scenarios Persisting cold extremes under 21st Evan Kodra, Karsten Steinhaeuser,
... Figure 3. Central tendency and bounds for cold extremes persistence. The persistence of CEI and CED are calculated from each of the nine models per grid in the manner described in Figures 1 and 2. The minimum, median, and maximum of the nine numbers at each grid are presented, providing a measure of ...
... Figure 3. Central tendency and bounds for cold extremes persistence. The persistence of CEI and CED are calculated from each of the nine models per grid in the manner described in Figures 1 and 2. The minimum, median, and maximum of the nine numbers at each grid are presented, providing a measure of ...
The growing role of methane in anthropogenic climate change
... most other recent studies. Sinks may also be playing a role in the rapid rise in atmospheric methane over the last decade (figure 1). Using a chemistry-transport model run over 40 years, Dalsøren et al (2016) infer a stabilization of OH concentrations after 2006, in contrast to a total 3% increase si ...
... most other recent studies. Sinks may also be playing a role in the rapid rise in atmospheric methane over the last decade (figure 1). Using a chemistry-transport model run over 40 years, Dalsøren et al (2016) infer a stabilization of OH concentrations after 2006, in contrast to a total 3% increase si ...
Fossil Fuel Employment and Public Opinion about Climate Change
... Public understanding and acceptance of climate science is important because substantial mitigation action cannot be sustained in democracies without broad public support. At the same time, there is considerable variation in the degree to which people accept the principal fi ...
... Public understanding and acceptance of climate science is important because substantial mitigation action cannot be sustained in democracies without broad public support. At the same time, there is considerable variation in the degree to which people accept the principal fi ...
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE GLOBAL FOREST
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; IPCC, 1995). The HHL scenario is based on higher CO2 emissions from the EPPA model, slower diffusion of heat into the ocean, smaller effects of cooling associated with atmospheric aerosols, and smaller heating effects associated with the radiative for ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; IPCC, 1995). The HHL scenario is based on higher CO2 emissions from the EPPA model, slower diffusion of heat into the ocean, smaller effects of cooling associated with atmospheric aerosols, and smaller heating effects associated with the radiative for ...
Climate Change Effects on Avian Migration
... In 1845, the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters reorganised the collection of phenological records in Finland, originally started in 1750 by Professor Leche (Leche 1763; Haartman and Söderholm-Tana 1983). The initiative came from Carl von Linné, who had worked on plant phenological calendars (L ...
... In 1845, the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters reorganised the collection of phenological records in Finland, originally started in 1750 by Professor Leche (Leche 1763; Haartman and Söderholm-Tana 1983). The initiative came from Carl von Linné, who had worked on plant phenological calendars (L ...
Physical and economic consequences of climate change in Europe
... by the European Union (EU) and endorsed by the G8 (2, 3)] will need to be complemented by adaptation strategies to lessen the impact of residual warming (4). Europe is preparing for a coordinated adaptation climate strategy from 2013, as set out in the European Commission White Paper on Adaptation ( ...
... by the European Union (EU) and endorsed by the G8 (2, 3)] will need to be complemented by adaptation strategies to lessen the impact of residual warming (4). Europe is preparing for a coordinated adaptation climate strategy from 2013, as set out in the European Commission White Paper on Adaptation ( ...
Recent climate change in Japan
... For Japan as a whole, climate warming is clearly shown over all periods of observation (1901–2000, 1951–2000, 1976–2000). During the 100 yr (1901–2000) mean annual temperatures increased at all stations from 0.35 (Hakodate) to 2.95◦ C (Tokyo). Strongly increasing trends can be found in all seasons, ...
... For Japan as a whole, climate warming is clearly shown over all periods of observation (1901–2000, 1951–2000, 1976–2000). During the 100 yr (1901–2000) mean annual temperatures increased at all stations from 0.35 (Hakodate) to 2.95◦ C (Tokyo). Strongly increasing trends can be found in all seasons, ...
Less Snow, Less Water: Climate Disruption in the West
... scientists believe that some predicted changes, such as temperature increases, are likely, and that others, such as projections about how precipitation may change in a particular region, are still unreliable. In the West, scientists consider some key changes to be either very likely or likely, inclu ...
... scientists believe that some predicted changes, such as temperature increases, are likely, and that others, such as projections about how precipitation may change in a particular region, are still unreliable. In the West, scientists consider some key changes to be either very likely or likely, inclu ...
Economic Impacts Of Climate Change On Nevada
... (Figure 2), but it is only one of many ramifications of higher GHG concentrations. Since disruption of Earth’s energy balance is neither seasonally nor geographically uniform, effects of climate disruption vary across space as well as time. For example, there has been a widespread retreat of mountai ...
... (Figure 2), but it is only one of many ramifications of higher GHG concentrations. Since disruption of Earth’s energy balance is neither seasonally nor geographically uniform, effects of climate disruption vary across space as well as time. For example, there has been a widespread retreat of mountai ...
Global warming induced hybrid rainy seasons in the Sahel
... reveal also a significant inverse co-variability of DTR, rainy days and rainfall amount which is enhanced during extreme droughts (supplementary figures 4(a)– (b)). All over the Sahel, dry seasons exhibit larger amplitude of DTR anomalies compared to wet years as a result of seasonal fluctuations in mo ...
... reveal also a significant inverse co-variability of DTR, rainy days and rainfall amount which is enhanced during extreme droughts (supplementary figures 4(a)– (b)). All over the Sahel, dry seasons exhibit larger amplitude of DTR anomalies compared to wet years as a result of seasonal fluctuations in mo ...
Climate change and Australia: Trends, projections and impacts
... Future changes in temperature and rainfall are predicted to have significant impacts on most vegetation types that have been modelled to date, although the interactive effect of continuing increases in atmospheric CO2 has not been incorporated into most modelling studies. Elevated CO2 will most like ...
... Future changes in temperature and rainfall are predicted to have significant impacts on most vegetation types that have been modelled to date, although the interactive effect of continuing increases in atmospheric CO2 has not been incorporated into most modelling studies. Elevated CO2 will most like ...
Baltic Sea catchment
... • Presently a warming is going on in the Baltic Sea region. • No formal detection and attribution studies available. • BACC considers it plausible that this warming is at least partly related to anthropogenic factors. • So far, and in the next few decades, the signal is limited to temperature and di ...
... • Presently a warming is going on in the Baltic Sea region. • No formal detection and attribution studies available. • BACC considers it plausible that this warming is at least partly related to anthropogenic factors. • So far, and in the next few decades, the signal is limited to temperature and di ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.