presentation
... Advancing Key Components for Comprehensive Climate Change Risk and Adaptation Science Matthias Garschagen & Joern Birkmann • To date strong focus on bio-geo-physical scenarios for climate change hazards • However scenarios for societal development, particularly in terms of the implications for vulne ...
... Advancing Key Components for Comprehensive Climate Change Risk and Adaptation Science Matthias Garschagen & Joern Birkmann • To date strong focus on bio-geo-physical scenarios for climate change hazards • However scenarios for societal development, particularly in terms of the implications for vulne ...
Robustness of pattern scaled climate change scenarios for adaptation decision support
... information needed at “decision relevant” scales [26]. This paper addresses directly some of the questions possed by Moss et al [26, 25]. In their work the authors state that it is necessary to evaluate “whether the results of scaling different atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) deriv ...
... information needed at “decision relevant” scales [26]. This paper addresses directly some of the questions possed by Moss et al [26, 25]. In their work the authors state that it is necessary to evaluate “whether the results of scaling different atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) deriv ...
full text
... CO2 emission reductions and could serve as a fertile area within climate diplomacy for global cooperation between developed and developing countries (5). Estimates of the importance of carbonaceous aerosols as global warming agents vary greatly. Part of the variability between models is due to the i ...
... CO2 emission reductions and could serve as a fertile area within climate diplomacy for global cooperation between developed and developing countries (5). Estimates of the importance of carbonaceous aerosols as global warming agents vary greatly. Part of the variability between models is due to the i ...
Experimental warming causes large and rapid species loss
... Ômuch greater than averageÕ increases in surface temperatures in the future (Giorgi et al. 2001). The IMAGE model predicts that the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan alpine tundra will be reduced to 20% of its current area with climate warming (Walker et al. 2001). Concurrent with the climate change ...
... Ômuch greater than averageÕ increases in surface temperatures in the future (Giorgi et al. 2001). The IMAGE model predicts that the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan alpine tundra will be reduced to 20% of its current area with climate warming (Walker et al. 2001). Concurrent with the climate change ...
Chapter 5 - Government.se
... region and Sweden. Since 1997, this has been carried out as part of the SWECLIM programme, in which the Rossby Centre at SMHI has developed an advanced regional climate model system (see also Chapter 7). The system has been used to make detailed studies of the potential impact of global climate chan ...
... region and Sweden. Since 1997, this has been carried out as part of the SWECLIM programme, in which the Rossby Centre at SMHI has developed an advanced regional climate model system (see also Chapter 7). The system has been used to make detailed studies of the potential impact of global climate chan ...
ALAP_2014_FINAL120 - Asociación Latinoamericana de
... that people at the very beginning (when they are babies) and at the very end of their life cycle (when they are frail elderly) are more vulnerable because they directly depend on the help of others, for the years in between other factors tend to dominate the differentiation of risk. These factors ra ...
... that people at the very beginning (when they are babies) and at the very end of their life cycle (when they are frail elderly) are more vulnerable because they directly depend on the help of others, for the years in between other factors tend to dominate the differentiation of risk. These factors ra ...
South African Food Security and Climate Change: Agriculture Futures
... confusing and undermines the credibility of analysis. The reader is left wondering whether the scenarios are truly representative of future climate change (or perhaps that these projections were chosen simply because down-scaled data was available or results had been published elsewhere). Readers a ...
... confusing and undermines the credibility of analysis. The reader is left wondering whether the scenarios are truly representative of future climate change (or perhaps that these projections were chosen simply because down-scaled data was available or results had been published elsewhere). Readers a ...
CLIMAP builds on ongoing and recently completed adaptation
... The Pacific islands region has long been faced to increasing environmental and socioeconomic pressures. One of the major environmental issues is the global climate change and climate variability.2 Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), small island developing state ...
... The Pacific islands region has long been faced to increasing environmental and socioeconomic pressures. One of the major environmental issues is the global climate change and climate variability.2 Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), small island developing state ...
What Are Climate Forcings?
... sufficient portion of an ice sheet can spark a cataclysm. Ice sheet and ocean inertia provides only moderate delay to ice sheet disintegration and a burst of added global warming. Recent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions place the Earth perilously close to dramatic climate change that could run out of ...
... sufficient portion of an ice sheet can spark a cataclysm. Ice sheet and ocean inertia provides only moderate delay to ice sheet disintegration and a burst of added global warming. Recent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions place the Earth perilously close to dramatic climate change that could run out of ...
Burlando-Rosso_Extreme storm rainfall and climatic change
... (i.e., the farther going back, the more difficult to recover hydrologic data; geologic shifts over geologic time may differ considerably from the anthropogenetic change now anticipated; past changes predate human activity, so that there is no evidence of how they might affect society), the use of GC ...
... (i.e., the farther going back, the more difficult to recover hydrologic data; geologic shifts over geologic time may differ considerably from the anthropogenetic change now anticipated; past changes predate human activity, so that there is no evidence of how they might affect society), the use of GC ...
Radiative forcing from a changing boreal fire regime
... negative radiative forcing at the global scale (Fig. 3C) and calls into question the positive feedback that has been suggested in past work. The cooling from a decrease in fire return times is likely to be substantially larger in the northern hemisphere, taking into account the spatial pattern of th ...
... negative radiative forcing at the global scale (Fig. 3C) and calls into question the positive feedback that has been suggested in past work. The cooling from a decrease in fire return times is likely to be substantially larger in the northern hemisphere, taking into account the spatial pattern of th ...
KNOWLEDGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND CAUSES OF CLIMATE
... in the average weather that a given region experiences” to “Only if asked, by climate change we mean a change in the average weather in a region or place like”.
*Note: changes that were made to the dataset in Cycle 6 were not reflected in the CATI until Cycle 7
(January 2011)
QUESTI ...
... in the average weather that a given region experiences” to “Only if asked, by climate change we mean a change in the average weather in a region or place like
3.1. Greenhouse gases and climate change
... before 2050. An immediate 50-70% reduction in global CO2 emissions would be needed to stabilise global CO2 concentrations at the 1990 level by 2100. The issue of climate change is being addressed through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The EU’s commitments are to ...
... before 2050. An immediate 50-70% reduction in global CO2 emissions would be needed to stabilise global CO2 concentrations at the 1990 level by 2100. The issue of climate change is being addressed through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The EU’s commitments are to ...
The International Climate Change Regime: The Road from Copenhagen
... legal versus non-legal form of an instrument makes less of a difference in other respects, such as judicial enforcement, since even when an agreement is legally-binding, there are relatively few opportunities for adjudication either internationally or domestically. And evidence from other regimes su ...
... legal versus non-legal form of an instrument makes less of a difference in other respects, such as judicial enforcement, since even when an agreement is legally-binding, there are relatively few opportunities for adjudication either internationally or domestically. And evidence from other regimes su ...
1.1 Framework 1.1.1 Climate change
... average over at least 30 years [Henderson-Sellers and Robinson 1992], p.8). But climate itself is not constant and changes at various time-scales. For the past 2.58 million years [Gradstein et al. 2004], Earth has been ...
... average over at least 30 years [Henderson-Sellers and Robinson 1992], p.8). But climate itself is not constant and changes at various time-scales. For the past 2.58 million years [Gradstein et al. 2004], Earth has been ...
Section 4.2 v2 - Eionet Forum
... The largest effect of heat has been observed among the elderly, but in some cities younger adults have also been affected (D’Ippoliti, et al., 2010; Baccini, et al., 2011). Elderly people are more vulnerable to the effects of heat waves, owing, in part, to poorer physical health and the effects of c ...
... The largest effect of heat has been observed among the elderly, but in some cities younger adults have also been affected (D’Ippoliti, et al., 2010; Baccini, et al., 2011). Elderly people are more vulnerable to the effects of heat waves, owing, in part, to poorer physical health and the effects of c ...
Climate policy and uncertainty: the roles of adaptation versus
... of uncertainty, the more likely that adaptation will occupy a larger share of the response relative to mitigation. Having made the case for a mix of adaptation and mitigation policies it is important to think about what this mix might look like. Before moving to the broad approach that we think is a ...
... of uncertainty, the more likely that adaptation will occupy a larger share of the response relative to mitigation. Having made the case for a mix of adaptation and mitigation policies it is important to think about what this mix might look like. Before moving to the broad approach that we think is a ...
Cutting the Knot
... a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the anticipated impacts of a warming climate, and particularly with new evidence of drastic impacts in the Arctic 3, it is quite clear that, even with the global mean surface tempe ...
... a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the anticipated impacts of a warming climate, and particularly with new evidence of drastic impacts in the Arctic 3, it is quite clear that, even with the global mean surface tempe ...
Footprints of climate change on Mediterranean Sea biota
... stratification in the upper layer. Temperature decreases almost linearly by about 7–8◦ C over the top 50 m water layer (0.14– 0.16◦ C m−1 ) in both the eastern and western basins (Figure 1B), and it remains relatively uniform at deeper water. Linear trends were fitted to the satellite SST for the pe ...
... stratification in the upper layer. Temperature decreases almost linearly by about 7–8◦ C over the top 50 m water layer (0.14– 0.16◦ C m−1 ) in both the eastern and western basins (Figure 1B), and it remains relatively uniform at deeper water. Linear trends were fitted to the satellite SST for the pe ...
Document
... force in creating gradients in pressure, temperature, and concentration which result in transport, phase transfer, and chemical processes (Fig. 1). The physical and chemical status of the atmosphere is called climate (see Section 4 for details). Supposing that the incoming solar radiation shows no t ...
... force in creating gradients in pressure, temperature, and concentration which result in transport, phase transfer, and chemical processes (Fig. 1). The physical and chemical status of the atmosphere is called climate (see Section 4 for details). Supposing that the incoming solar radiation shows no t ...
- Divecha Centre for Climate Change
... Assumptions of earlier models on GCM and scenario uncertainty: equal possibility and equi-probability of all the scenarios. ...
... Assumptions of earlier models on GCM and scenario uncertainty: equal possibility and equi-probability of all the scenarios. ...
Sea-ice switches and abrupt climate change
... far away from the North Atlantic might be explained by the e®ect of sea ice on atmospheric circulation (Mayewski et al. 1994) or by the e®ect of sea ice on the temperature of the water formed in the North Atlantic in the presence of sea ice (Gildor & Tziperman 2001a). In particular, these sea-ice e® ...
... far away from the North Atlantic might be explained by the e®ect of sea ice on atmospheric circulation (Mayewski et al. 1994) or by the e®ect of sea ice on the temperature of the water formed in the North Atlantic in the presence of sea ice (Gildor & Tziperman 2001a). In particular, these sea-ice e® ...
The Influence on Climate Change of Differing Scenarios for Future
... The MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change is an organization for research, independent policy analysis, and public education in global environmental change. It seeks to provide leadership in understanding scientific, economic, and ecological aspects of this difficult issue, a ...
... The MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change is an organization for research, independent policy analysis, and public education in global environmental change. It seeks to provide leadership in understanding scientific, economic, and ecological aspects of this difficult issue, a ...
Robust spatially aggregated projections of climate
... vary from −1 ◦ C to +7 ◦ C for cold and +1.5 ◦ C to 5.5 ◦ C for hot extremes, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 4). Likewise, different members do not agree on the sign of changes in dry spell length and heavy precipitation intensity. We refer to the multimember mean across CESM-IC (Fig. 1, right), a ...
... vary from −1 ◦ C to +7 ◦ C for cold and +1.5 ◦ C to 5.5 ◦ C for hot extremes, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 4). Likewise, different members do not agree on the sign of changes in dry spell length and heavy precipitation intensity. We refer to the multimember mean across CESM-IC (Fig. 1, right), a ...
Presentation
... cycles in the different domains (atmosphere, ocean, land), considering also anthropogenic emissions, are required (now more than ever) to better: i. quantify the GHG sources and sinks ii. understand the feedbacks with the climate system and iii. address mitigation and adaptation actions. ...
... cycles in the different domains (atmosphere, ocean, land), considering also anthropogenic emissions, are required (now more than ever) to better: i. quantify the GHG sources and sinks ii. understand the feedbacks with the climate system and iii. address mitigation and adaptation actions. ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.