The equilibrium sensitivity of Earth`s temperature to radiation changes.
... impossible to use observed global temperature changes during that period to constrain S more tightly than the range explored by climate models (1.5–4.5 °C at the time), and that the upper end of the range was particularly difficult to estimate, although qualitatively similar conclusions appear in ea ...
... impossible to use observed global temperature changes during that period to constrain S more tightly than the range explored by climate models (1.5–4.5 °C at the time), and that the upper end of the range was particularly difficult to estimate, although qualitatively similar conclusions appear in ea ...
The equilibrium sensitivity of the Earth`s temperature to radiation
... impossible to use observed global temperature changes during that period to constrain S more tightly than the range explored by climate models (1.5–4.5 °C at the time), and that the upper end of the range was particularly difficult to estimate, although qualitatively similar conclusions appear in ea ...
... impossible to use observed global temperature changes during that period to constrain S more tightly than the range explored by climate models (1.5–4.5 °C at the time), and that the upper end of the range was particularly difficult to estimate, although qualitatively similar conclusions appear in ea ...
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... Agriculture is the most affected sector by climate change. About 13% of GDP was derived from agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2010 (WDI, 2012). It has been predicted that the highest percentage losses owing to the direct impact of climate change on crops in the SubSaharan Africa region (Hertel e ...
... Agriculture is the most affected sector by climate change. About 13% of GDP was derived from agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2010 (WDI, 2012). It has been predicted that the highest percentage losses owing to the direct impact of climate change on crops in the SubSaharan Africa region (Hertel e ...
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... In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC (2007a,b,c) summarizes a wide range of projections of climate change, encompassing different climatic variables, time and spatial scales, models and scenarios. Most attention is focused on projections of changes in global mean temperatures. However, analysis ...
... In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC (2007a,b,c) summarizes a wide range of projections of climate change, encompassing different climatic variables, time and spatial scales, models and scenarios. Most attention is focused on projections of changes in global mean temperatures. However, analysis ...
Lagos - Urban Climate Change Research Network
... above sea level at its northern fringes (Ogun State Government, 2005). The average population density of the city’s constituting local government areas is about 2094 per square kilometer with the minimum of 164 per square kilometer in Owode Obafemi local government area of Ogu ...
... above sea level at its northern fringes (Ogun State Government, 2005). The average population density of the city’s constituting local government areas is about 2094 per square kilometer with the minimum of 164 per square kilometer in Owode Obafemi local government area of Ogu ...
Summary of the meeting on 11 December 2015 on adaptation of
... impacts on CIs by EW are mainly due to extreme values of precipitation and wind, but also of other parameters, such as temperature and snow. The assessment of the EWIs over 21st century shows, that most of the temperature indicators have a positive trend. Regions particularly affected by the increas ...
... impacts on CIs by EW are mainly due to extreme values of precipitation and wind, but also of other parameters, such as temperature and snow. The assessment of the EWIs over 21st century shows, that most of the temperature indicators have a positive trend. Regions particularly affected by the increas ...
The effects of large-scale afforestation and climate change on water
... warming forecasts. The modelling framework includes the Sacramento rainfall-runoff model and IQQM, a stream¯ow routing tool, as well as various global climate model outputs from which daily rainfall and potential evaporation data ®les have been generated in OzClim, a climate scenario generator. For ...
... warming forecasts. The modelling framework includes the Sacramento rainfall-runoff model and IQQM, a stream¯ow routing tool, as well as various global climate model outputs from which daily rainfall and potential evaporation data ®les have been generated in OzClim, a climate scenario generator. For ...
A review of ENSO and Climate Change
... and damping feedbacks, and it is likely that one or more of the major physical processes that are responsible for determining the characteristics of ENSO will be modified by climate change • While the possibility of large changes in ENSO cannot be ruled out, research conducted to date does not yet e ...
... and damping feedbacks, and it is likely that one or more of the major physical processes that are responsible for determining the characteristics of ENSO will be modified by climate change • While the possibility of large changes in ENSO cannot be ruled out, research conducted to date does not yet e ...
WP4.2 - NCAS
... Study the mechanisms to assess the regional features of climate change, including changes that may result from a modification of the patterns of natural variability. In collaboration with RT5, research will be carried out to advance understanding of the mechanisms that govern modes of natural climat ...
... Study the mechanisms to assess the regional features of climate change, including changes that may result from a modification of the patterns of natural variability. In collaboration with RT5, research will be carried out to advance understanding of the mechanisms that govern modes of natural climat ...
A set of logical steps in order to make an assessment of
... representative – but incomplete – for the 1961 – 90 period, consisting of monthly means for all climate variables needed except for global solar radiation. We also realized that we additionally could build a complete daily dataset for the period 1994 – 2009. Global solar radiation – never measured i ...
... representative – but incomplete – for the 1961 – 90 period, consisting of monthly means for all climate variables needed except for global solar radiation. We also realized that we additionally could build a complete daily dataset for the period 1994 – 2009. Global solar radiation – never measured i ...
Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization
... functional groups (e.g. feeding, spawning, temperature). While there is a rich literature on stream fishes, the impacts of climate change on their resource base are not well understood. Changes in food availability (an indirect effect) may exert as much control over fish growth and reproduction as d ...
... functional groups (e.g. feeding, spawning, temperature). While there is a rich literature on stream fishes, the impacts of climate change on their resource base are not well understood. Changes in food availability (an indirect effect) may exert as much control over fish growth and reproduction as d ...
Climate Change and Marine Turtles in the Wider Caribbean
... Our climate is the result of complex interactions between incoming solar energy and the atmosphere, oceans (hydrosphere), land (lithosphere), ice (cryosphere) and life (biosphere) 33. Modeling how the climate is likely to change in the future is possible using atmosphere-ocean coupled general circul ...
... Our climate is the result of complex interactions between incoming solar energy and the atmosphere, oceans (hydrosphere), land (lithosphere), ice (cryosphere) and life (biosphere) 33. Modeling how the climate is likely to change in the future is possible using atmosphere-ocean coupled general circul ...
Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, EEAP Environmental
... Plant growth has been reduced by ca 6% in response to increased UV radiation in areas of significant ozone depletion Growth reductions are due to direct damage plus diversion of plant resources towards protection and repair ...
... Plant growth has been reduced by ca 6% in response to increased UV radiation in areas of significant ozone depletion Growth reductions are due to direct damage plus diversion of plant resources towards protection and repair ...
Weather, Climate – Society and Culture
... association. In today’s world, increase of human population and proliferation of material intensive socio-cultural practices lead to problems like climate change. Therefore, IPCC’s analysis explains that “global Green House Gases (GHG) emission grew up due to human activities since pre-industrial ti ...
... association. In today’s world, increase of human population and proliferation of material intensive socio-cultural practices lead to problems like climate change. Therefore, IPCC’s analysis explains that “global Green House Gases (GHG) emission grew up due to human activities since pre-industrial ti ...
Influences of Ozone Layer Depletion ande Climate Change on UV
... Plant growth has been reduced by ca 6% in response to increased UV radiation in areas of significant ozone depletion Growth reductions are due to direct damage plus diversion of plant resources towards protection and repair ...
... Plant growth has been reduced by ca 6% in response to increased UV radiation in areas of significant ozone depletion Growth reductions are due to direct damage plus diversion of plant resources towards protection and repair ...
PDF
... regulated under the cap. There is, however, a recommendation for a minimum threshold such that emissions sources under a range of 10,000 to 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year are excluded. This leads to covering about 90% of non-power plant station source fuel combustion emissi ...
... regulated under the cap. There is, however, a recommendation for a minimum threshold such that emissions sources under a range of 10,000 to 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year are excluded. This leads to covering about 90% of non-power plant station source fuel combustion emissi ...
article - Minnesota Public Radio
... forest border of central North America? Lee E Frelich* and Peter B Reich Within the next 50–100 years, the warming climate will have major effects on boreal and northern hardwood forests situated near the prairie–forest border of central North America. This biome boundary shifted to the northeast du ...
... forest border of central North America? Lee E Frelich* and Peter B Reich Within the next 50–100 years, the warming climate will have major effects on boreal and northern hardwood forests situated near the prairie–forest border of central North America. This biome boundary shifted to the northeast du ...
Climate Change in the US Northeast
... (°F) in winter and 1 to 3°F in summer, regardless of the emissions during that period. These changes have already been set in motion by our emissions over the past few decades, but it takes years or decades for the climate to respond in noticeable ways. By mid-century and later, however, most change ...
... (°F) in winter and 1 to 3°F in summer, regardless of the emissions during that period. These changes have already been set in motion by our emissions over the past few decades, but it takes years or decades for the climate to respond in noticeable ways. By mid-century and later, however, most change ...
i3084e14
... While climate change is one of the drivers of crop diversity loss, it is also an important reason to conserve agricultural crop varieties, exchange them and use them in a sustainable way. The broader the genetic base our civilization can rely on, the better equipped it will be to adapt to changing c ...
... While climate change is one of the drivers of crop diversity loss, it is also an important reason to conserve agricultural crop varieties, exchange them and use them in a sustainable way. The broader the genetic base our civilization can rely on, the better equipped it will be to adapt to changing c ...
ITPGR
... While climate change is one of the drivers of crop diversity loss, it is also an important reason to conserve agricultural crop varieties, exchange them and use them in a sustainable way. The broader the genetic base our civilization can rely on, the better equipped it will be to adapt to changing c ...
... While climate change is one of the drivers of crop diversity loss, it is also an important reason to conserve agricultural crop varieties, exchange them and use them in a sustainable way. The broader the genetic base our civilization can rely on, the better equipped it will be to adapt to changing c ...
Greenhouse gas emissions: Risks and challenges for
... The third assumption is an assumed global carbon price, and that future increases in the carbon price is reflected in the P/E of each stock. The higher the carbon price the less likely the above two assumptions will be correct. The analysis also assumes that the current value of the stock does not a ...
... The third assumption is an assumed global carbon price, and that future increases in the carbon price is reflected in the P/E of each stock. The higher the carbon price the less likely the above two assumptions will be correct. The analysis also assumes that the current value of the stock does not a ...
What`s Going to Happen and What Can We Do About It?
... will greatly enhance the effectiveness of planning for resiliency in the face of climate change. Develop a monitoring network that measures and regularly reports the effects of climate change and the effectiveness of our efforts to prepare for these changes. These measurements will be essential for ...
... will greatly enhance the effectiveness of planning for resiliency in the face of climate change. Develop a monitoring network that measures and regularly reports the effects of climate change and the effectiveness of our efforts to prepare for these changes. These measurements will be essential for ...
The Kyoto Protocol and Clean Development Mechanism
... equivalent per year (UNFCCC, 2006). If Community forest is included in the Kyoto protocol under CDM, it can regularly get certain income from the CDM. Under this mechanism, it has been clarified that the forest that has been managed through the participatory approach will get income through their ...
... equivalent per year (UNFCCC, 2006). If Community forest is included in the Kyoto protocol under CDM, it can regularly get certain income from the CDM. Under this mechanism, it has been clarified that the forest that has been managed through the participatory approach will get income through their ...
Effects of climate change on life history
... size and mass are predictors of extinction risk in mammals, with larger species usually more vulnerable than smaller species (e.g. Brashares 2003, Cardillo 2003, Cardillo et al. 2005), although in Australia mid-sized terrestrial mammals appear to be most at risk (Johnson & Isaac in press). The impor ...
... size and mass are predictors of extinction risk in mammals, with larger species usually more vulnerable than smaller species (e.g. Brashares 2003, Cardillo 2003, Cardillo et al. 2005), although in Australia mid-sized terrestrial mammals appear to be most at risk (Johnson & Isaac in press). The impor ...
World Meteorological Organization
... encouraged to use the SPI to characterize meteorological droughts in addition to the indices currently in use; ...
... encouraged to use the SPI to characterize meteorological droughts in addition to the indices currently in use; ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.