LCCARL267_en.pdf
... options to rebuild the economy and the society based on other, different options that have shaped the region for several hundred years. The main question that could be raised by models related to the best climate policy and longterm welfare changes concerns the impacts and how to adapt best to futur ...
... options to rebuild the economy and the society based on other, different options that have shaped the region for several hundred years. The main question that could be raised by models related to the best climate policy and longterm welfare changes concerns the impacts and how to adapt best to futur ...
The COP19Guide to Corporate Lobbying
... corner of the globe, as communities rally against the pollution of their ground water and land with poisonous chemicals and methane, and localised earthquakes. Not to mention the high greenhouse gas emissions due to the energy intensive extraction process and methane leakage. Poland itself had witne ...
... corner of the globe, as communities rally against the pollution of their ground water and land with poisonous chemicals and methane, and localised earthquakes. Not to mention the high greenhouse gas emissions due to the energy intensive extraction process and methane leakage. Poland itself had witne ...
GENERAL Climate Change Aspects in Agriculture in Bolivia
... month between December and March. In the dry months, the percentage increase is bigger but, in absolute terms, variations are lower and the maximum estimated increase is 7mm per month. The estimates for 2050 and 2100 follow a similar pattern, however, absolute rainfall increases reach up to 41mm and ...
... month between December and March. In the dry months, the percentage increase is bigger but, in absolute terms, variations are lower and the maximum estimated increase is 7mm per month. The estimates for 2050 and 2100 follow a similar pattern, however, absolute rainfall increases reach up to 41mm and ...
RCP2.6: exploring the possibility to keep global mean temperature
... Van Vuuren et al. (2006, 2007a) explored for the first time in detail the required changes in the energy and land-use system to achieve such low forcing levels (2.6 and 2.9 W/m2) using the IMAGE model. To represent the category of low forcing scenarios within the RCP set, the IMAGE scenario was sele ...
... Van Vuuren et al. (2006, 2007a) explored for the first time in detail the required changes in the energy and land-use system to achieve such low forcing levels (2.6 and 2.9 W/m2) using the IMAGE model. To represent the category of low forcing scenarios within the RCP set, the IMAGE scenario was sele ...
Pulse response functions are cost-e cient tools to model the link
... (e.g., Hasselmann et al., 1996; Joos et al., 1996; Siegenthaler and Oeschger, 1978). The pulse response function can then be used to build a simple cost-ecient, but still accurate substitute model. The theoretical justi cation for the use of pulse response functions is that the dynamics of a linear ...
... (e.g., Hasselmann et al., 1996; Joos et al., 1996; Siegenthaler and Oeschger, 1978). The pulse response function can then be used to build a simple cost-ecient, but still accurate substitute model. The theoretical justi cation for the use of pulse response functions is that the dynamics of a linear ...
... harvests under both the A2 and B2 scenarios decrease at first and then increase as the mid-century mark is approached. With respect to the yam subsector the results indicate that the yield of yam will increase from 17.4 to 23.1 tonnes per hectare (33%) under the A2 scenario, and 18.4 to 23.9 (30%) t ...
MC1113 Hope in God`s Future - The Methodist Church in Britain
... threatened future harms from by climate change in the context of affirming the triune God as creator and redeemer of the universe. The scientific analyses of climate change and the role of human greenhouse gas emissions are well-grounded. It is now morally irresponsible to fail to acknowledge and ad ...
... threatened future harms from by climate change in the context of affirming the triune God as creator and redeemer of the universe. The scientific analyses of climate change and the role of human greenhouse gas emissions are well-grounded. It is now morally irresponsible to fail to acknowledge and ad ...
Chapter 1: Background Oceanography
... (Laws, 2007). By far the most important cause of anthropogenic effects on climate has been the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere as a result (primarily) of fossil fuel burning and deforestation. Because CO2 is a greenhouse gas (i.e., it effectively traps infrared radiation that wou ...
... (Laws, 2007). By far the most important cause of anthropogenic effects on climate has been the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere as a result (primarily) of fossil fuel burning and deforestation. Because CO2 is a greenhouse gas (i.e., it effectively traps infrared radiation that wou ...
Why Analyze Mental Models of Local Climate Change?
... environmental change that governments and aid agencies must address while preparing populations for change impacts. However, the resolution of these models treats regions as physically, ecologically, and culturally homogeneous (Magistro and Roncoli 2001). Casciarri’s (2008) research in southeastern ...
... environmental change that governments and aid agencies must address while preparing populations for change impacts. However, the resolution of these models treats regions as physically, ecologically, and culturally homogeneous (Magistro and Roncoli 2001). Casciarri’s (2008) research in southeastern ...
The need for new ocean conservation strategies in a high
... and chemically impacting the ocean and its ecosystems. If current trends continue, mean atmospheric CO2 is expected to exceed 500 ppm by 2050 — a more than 80% increase above preindustrial (pre-1750) levels1. This rate of increase seems to have few, if any, parallels in the past 300 million years of ...
... and chemically impacting the ocean and its ecosystems. If current trends continue, mean atmospheric CO2 is expected to exceed 500 ppm by 2050 — a more than 80% increase above preindustrial (pre-1750) levels1. This rate of increase seems to have few, if any, parallels in the past 300 million years of ...
Atmospheric Circulations Do Not Explain the Temperature
... Institute of Space Studies (GISS, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/station_data), PRESSi is mean air pressure, COSABLATi is cosine of absolute latitude, WATERi is a dummy (0,1) variable representing proximity to an ocean coast or a large body of water, POPi is the GISS estimate of the local populat ...
... Institute of Space Studies (GISS, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/station_data), PRESSi is mean air pressure, COSABLATi is cosine of absolute latitude, WATERi is a dummy (0,1) variable representing proximity to an ocean coast or a large body of water, POPi is the GISS estimate of the local populat ...
Greenhouse Gas Challenges
... outcome of the legislative and rulemaking processes or a specific related impact on our generating facilities and consolidated financial results” ...
... outcome of the legislative and rulemaking processes or a specific related impact on our generating facilities and consolidated financial results” ...
Simulation of regional climate change under the IPCC A2 scenario
... As for the daily total precipitation amounts, we use a daily gridded dataset provided by Chen et al. (2010), with a resolution of 0.5° by 0.5°, comparable to LMDZ. This dataset is also deduced from 753 operational surface stations of the China Meteorological Administration by an ordinary kriging int ...
... As for the daily total precipitation amounts, we use a daily gridded dataset provided by Chen et al. (2010), with a resolution of 0.5° by 0.5°, comparable to LMDZ. This dataset is also deduced from 753 operational surface stations of the China Meteorological Administration by an ordinary kriging int ...
2008-03-10_fertilizer biomass
... If the harvested crop is used as food or feed, the CO2 fixation is only short-term ...
... If the harvested crop is used as food or feed, the CO2 fixation is only short-term ...
Global air temperature variability independent of sea
... SST variability and PC2 explains 14% of the SST variability. Subsequent PCs explained 6% or less of the variability in the SST data. The loading pattern for PC1 primarily reflects SST variability in the tropical and extratropical eastern Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the western tropical Atla ...
... SST variability and PC2 explains 14% of the SST variability. Subsequent PCs explained 6% or less of the variability in the SST data. The loading pattern for PC1 primarily reflects SST variability in the tropical and extratropical eastern Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the western tropical Atla ...
WebText- GEOGRAPHY OF UTAH
... anthrosphere, and geosphere. Earth a system with subsystems that interact. The atmosphere is the 'most' dynamic of Earth's subsystems because it has so little mass. To understand climate and weather, it helps to understand the atmosphere and its association with: solar energy, Earth's rotation, and ...
... anthrosphere, and geosphere. Earth a system with subsystems that interact. The atmosphere is the 'most' dynamic of Earth's subsystems because it has so little mass. To understand climate and weather, it helps to understand the atmosphere and its association with: solar energy, Earth's rotation, and ...
Empirical analysis of the solar contribution to global mean air
... forcing, by altering climate, indirectly alters GHG concentrations too. Thus, GHG forcing cannot be considered independent from solar forcing, as all studies adopting this methodology as well as most EBMs and GCMs have assumed. Consequently these models underestimate the decadal and secular solar co ...
... forcing, by altering climate, indirectly alters GHG concentrations too. Thus, GHG forcing cannot be considered independent from solar forcing, as all studies adopting this methodology as well as most EBMs and GCMs have assumed. Consequently these models underestimate the decadal and secular solar co ...
PDF
... change issues takes place in a moral and ethical context in which religious groups have significant influence. Such “issues cannot be solved by simply calculating an ‘optimal solution’. Rather, they invoke fundamental questions on how we ought to live and how humans should value and relate to each o ...
... change issues takes place in a moral and ethical context in which religious groups have significant influence. Such “issues cannot be solved by simply calculating an ‘optimal solution’. Rather, they invoke fundamental questions on how we ought to live and how humans should value and relate to each o ...
The National League of Cities, the U.S. Conference of Mayors, and
... to liaison counsel on Monday, December 7, 2015, provided that if no response was received by Thursday, December 10, 2015, counsel for proposed amici Local Government Coalition would notify this Court that those parties took no position on this motion. In support of this motion, the Local Government ...
... to liaison counsel on Monday, December 7, 2015, provided that if no response was received by Thursday, December 10, 2015, counsel for proposed amici Local Government Coalition would notify this Court that those parties took no position on this motion. In support of this motion, the Local Government ...
NPS Climate Change Scenario Planning (CCSP) Workshop
... Participants broke into two focus groups to select these critical forces and to develop scenarios: the Coastal group, and the Riverine group. Each group first considered potential critical uncertainties with regard to future climate. The groups used those drivers to develop potential scenarios matri ...
... Participants broke into two focus groups to select these critical forces and to develop scenarios: the Coastal group, and the Riverine group. Each group first considered potential critical uncertainties with regard to future climate. The groups used those drivers to develop potential scenarios matri ...
Provide an initial estimate of the uncertainty in UK predicted climate
... emphasised here), in that as finer scales are considered, additional phenomena and processes must be modelled, thus increasing the scope for disagreement amongst models. This source of uncertainty is therefore also relevant within a ‘consistent’ modelling framework, such as an RCM/GCM combination wi ...
... emphasised here), in that as finer scales are considered, additional phenomena and processes must be modelled, thus increasing the scope for disagreement amongst models. This source of uncertainty is therefore also relevant within a ‘consistent’ modelling framework, such as an RCM/GCM combination wi ...
Climate Change Impacts on China Environment
... climate change. China’s challenges in adapting to climate change are particularly acute as it is a country struggling to prevent even more pollution and natural disasters that stem, in part, from 30 years of unchecked economic growth. According to scientific assessments by the Intergovernmental Pane ...
... climate change. China’s challenges in adapting to climate change are particularly acute as it is a country struggling to prevent even more pollution and natural disasters that stem, in part, from 30 years of unchecked economic growth. According to scientific assessments by the Intergovernmental Pane ...
Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep
... the method18), suggesting that some of the changes were subtle, probably re¯ecting the overall stable nature of sedimentation over the past 10,000 years. The documented history of climate change in northern Europe over the past few millennia is marked by the alternation of cooler and warmer periods. ...
... the method18), suggesting that some of the changes were subtle, probably re¯ecting the overall stable nature of sedimentation over the past 10,000 years. The documented history of climate change in northern Europe over the past few millennia is marked by the alternation of cooler and warmer periods. ...
Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change-Related Information
... regional climate disclosure approaches provide a strong basis from which further consistency in reporting could develop over time. Reporting along the value chain Depending on the particular sector, direct GHG emissions represent a small proportion of organisations’ overall carbon footprints. Howeve ...
... regional climate disclosure approaches provide a strong basis from which further consistency in reporting could develop over time. Reporting along the value chain Depending on the particular sector, direct GHG emissions represent a small proportion of organisations’ overall carbon footprints. Howeve ...
Climate Change Makes Success in U.S. Strategy Harder to Achieve
... What is Climate Change? Climate change is the technical term for the effect of greenhouse gases altering the climate. Greenhouse gases are important to the world—without them, no life would exist on the planet. They trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere, preventing our planet from being a giant b ...
... What is Climate Change? Climate change is the technical term for the effect of greenhouse gases altering the climate. Greenhouse gases are important to the world—without them, no life would exist on the planet. They trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere, preventing our planet from being a giant b ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.