A P R
... their [i.e. INDCs] significance: all countries are expected to submit INDCs that represent a ‘progression’ from their current commitment […]. This amounts to a significant shift from the original Convention, which placed the emphasis on industrialized country leadership, to a fully global process” ( ...
... their [i.e. INDCs] significance: all countries are expected to submit INDCs that represent a ‘progression’ from their current commitment […]. This amounts to a significant shift from the original Convention, which placed the emphasis on industrialized country leadership, to a fully global process” ( ...
Climate Change Legislation in the 113th Congress
... In the 113th Congress, Members have introduced multiple bills that include provisions that would directly or indirectly address climate change. This report describes and compares the bills and provisions that directly address climate change, as opposed to those that primarily address other issues (e ...
... In the 113th Congress, Members have introduced multiple bills that include provisions that would directly or indirectly address climate change. This report describes and compares the bills and provisions that directly address climate change, as opposed to those that primarily address other issues (e ...
B1_Proshutinsky_IBO
... Ice-based observatories are automated, drifting, ice-based sensor systems providing comprehensive data from the Arctic environment and incorporating the multidisciplinary needs of biological, chemical and physical oceanography, as well as different aspects of atmospheric and sea-ice studies. The bas ...
... Ice-based observatories are automated, drifting, ice-based sensor systems providing comprehensive data from the Arctic environment and incorporating the multidisciplinary needs of biological, chemical and physical oceanography, as well as different aspects of atmospheric and sea-ice studies. The bas ...
Preparing for worst case climate change scenarios
... Institutional infrastructure. Which (global) institutional infrastructure is desirable to be able to cope with a worst case climate change scenario, which differences are required compared to the current situation, which role can countries like The Netherlands play to arrive at the desired instituti ...
... Institutional infrastructure. Which (global) institutional infrastructure is desirable to be able to cope with a worst case climate change scenario, which differences are required compared to the current situation, which role can countries like The Netherlands play to arrive at the desired instituti ...
ALBEDO ENHANCEMENT BY STRATOSPHERIC SULFUR
... albedo would actually decrease, but surface temperatures would, nevertheless, decline. Only 1.7% of the mass of sulfur would be needed to effect similar cooling at the earth’s surface, making the operations much cheaper and less messy. However, because soot particles absorb solar radiation very effi ...
... albedo would actually decrease, but surface temperatures would, nevertheless, decline. Only 1.7% of the mass of sulfur would be needed to effect similar cooling at the earth’s surface, making the operations much cheaper and less messy. However, because soot particles absorb solar radiation very effi ...
PDF - BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change
... - Discounting in an asymmetric world L2.Climate and energy policies in Spain: side effects and industry-level impacts - Portfolios for a low carbon growth - A fourth dividend for renewable energy? L3.Investment under uncertainty: power utilities and climate policy - The appeal of energy efficiency: ...
... - Discounting in an asymmetric world L2.Climate and energy policies in Spain: side effects and industry-level impacts - Portfolios for a low carbon growth - A fourth dividend for renewable energy? L3.Investment under uncertainty: power utilities and climate policy - The appeal of energy efficiency: ...
PDF
... activity. Global capital and labor are combined to produce a generic output each year, which is either consumed or invested in additional capital. A representative agent chooses the amount of consumption each period that maximizes her expected utility across time. Climate change enters the model thr ...
... activity. Global capital and labor are combined to produce a generic output each year, which is either consumed or invested in additional capital. A representative agent chooses the amount of consumption each period that maximizes her expected utility across time. Climate change enters the model thr ...
Storch_bornhom.vs
... an end to such inaction, the argument was. Scientists were to see their activities in a social context; to inform the public on their own initiative, without waiting to be asked – so that the public could then decide, democratically, what made sense and what did not. What do we scientists – who may ...
... an end to such inaction, the argument was. Scientists were to see their activities in a social context; to inform the public on their own initiative, without waiting to be asked – so that the public could then decide, democratically, what made sense and what did not. What do we scientists – who may ...
Bright et al _GCB Invited Review_v4
... to any term in Eq.’s (1) or (2) will affect the heat and moisture fluxes within the planetary ...
... to any term in Eq.’s (1) or (2) will affect the heat and moisture fluxes within the planetary ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Production
... loss in maize production may be expected by 2055.10 Likewise, global warming may favor wheat in some regions but this grain crop could reduce its productivity significantly in areas where optimal temperatures already occur, or it may expand to cool, temperate environments where wheat does not yet gr ...
... loss in maize production may be expected by 2055.10 Likewise, global warming may favor wheat in some regions but this grain crop could reduce its productivity significantly in areas where optimal temperatures already occur, or it may expand to cool, temperate environments where wheat does not yet gr ...
All Climate Change is Local: Understanding and Predicting the
... subsequent damage to organisms and ecosystems.13 It thus may be possible to identify locations where impacts will be comparatively minimal (“refugia”), at least in the short-term (i.e., twenty to fifty years), and, conversely, where changes will be most dramatic over the same time period. Identifica ...
... subsequent damage to organisms and ecosystems.13 It thus may be possible to identify locations where impacts will be comparatively minimal (“refugia”), at least in the short-term (i.e., twenty to fifty years), and, conversely, where changes will be most dramatic over the same time period. Identifica ...
Junk Mail`s Impact on Global Warming
... world today. Five of the seven hottest years on record occurred in the past decade, and we continue to see indications that our planet is warming at an unsustainable rate. Taking on climate change is going to require some hard choices. But there’s one choice we can make that won’t be hard at all: ge ...
... world today. Five of the seven hottest years on record occurred in the past decade, and we continue to see indications that our planet is warming at an unsustainable rate. Taking on climate change is going to require some hard choices. But there’s one choice we can make that won’t be hard at all: ge ...
Chapter 2 of Stern Review: approach to discounting
... The climate is a public good: those who fail to pay for it cannot be excluded from enjoying its benefits and one person’s enjoyment of the climate does not diminish the capacity of others to enjoy it too.3 Markets do not automatically provide the right type and quantity of public goods, because in t ...
... The climate is a public good: those who fail to pay for it cannot be excluded from enjoying its benefits and one person’s enjoyment of the climate does not diminish the capacity of others to enjoy it too.3 Markets do not automatically provide the right type and quantity of public goods, because in t ...
ŹūŚÁŚŪÚŗŲŤŖ PowerPoint - Carnegie Endowment for International
... ・THEME 1: Climate impacts of Black carbon and aerosols in the Arctic (Spitsbergen, Baranov Cape, Tiksi)→ArCS ・THEME 2: Preliminary joint study in the frame of the Polar Prediction Project→ArCS ・THEME 3: Reliability and risk estimation for Sea-ice navigation along the Northern Sea Route→ArCS ・THEME 4 ...
... ・THEME 1: Climate impacts of Black carbon and aerosols in the Arctic (Spitsbergen, Baranov Cape, Tiksi)→ArCS ・THEME 2: Preliminary joint study in the frame of the Polar Prediction Project→ArCS ・THEME 3: Reliability and risk estimation for Sea-ice navigation along the Northern Sea Route→ArCS ・THEME 4 ...
Kyoto Protocol - Earth and Architecture
... objections to the Kyoto draft agreement fail at a meeting of signatories in the Hague. The U.S. Senate votes unanimously against any binding agreement that does not set binding goals for developing countries, as well. 2001 President George W. Bush, following the Senate's lead, withdraws U.S. endorse ...
... objections to the Kyoto draft agreement fail at a meeting of signatories in the Hague. The U.S. Senate votes unanimously against any binding agreement that does not set binding goals for developing countries, as well. 2001 President George W. Bush, following the Senate's lead, withdraws U.S. endorse ...
PandanusOctober2016 PDF
... accuracy matters in news reporting started the website Climate Feedback in order to allow scientists to evaluate the accuracy of media coverage on climate science. A scale on the website enables scientists to rate the scientific credibility of any given climate change article, and in this way allows ...
... accuracy matters in news reporting started the website Climate Feedback in order to allow scientists to evaluate the accuracy of media coverage on climate science. A scale on the website enables scientists to rate the scientific credibility of any given climate change article, and in this way allows ...
Green Climate Fund - Philippine Movement for Climate Justice
... for MDBs. The United States pushed for a “competitive” project approval process, with an emphasis on fiscal standards. There was considerable controversy over attempts to remove a specific provision that would gauge recipients’ eligibility for funding according to their income-per-capita levels (i.e ...
... for MDBs. The United States pushed for a “competitive” project approval process, with an emphasis on fiscal standards. There was considerable controversy over attempts to remove a specific provision that would gauge recipients’ eligibility for funding according to their income-per-capita levels (i.e ...
Presentation from Professor Bill McGuire
... How bad can things get? • If all conventional hydrocarbons burnt → average 7º C temperature rise • If unconventional sources (tar sands; clathrates) included → 13º C • Plants and soils hold twice as much carbon dioxide as the atmosphere. • With increased warming some sinks may become sources • Othe ...
... How bad can things get? • If all conventional hydrocarbons burnt → average 7º C temperature rise • If unconventional sources (tar sands; clathrates) included → 13º C • Plants and soils hold twice as much carbon dioxide as the atmosphere. • With increased warming some sinks may become sources • Othe ...
Climate Change as a Risk Multiplier in a World of
... in Japan on March 11, 2011 which triggered a chain of events with a global effect. The tsunami wave flooded parts of the Japanese coast, cost many human lives, and triggered the accident at Fukushima that destroyed several reactors, spreading the radioactive inventory globally through the atmosph ...
... in Japan on March 11, 2011 which triggered a chain of events with a global effect. The tsunami wave flooded parts of the Japanese coast, cost many human lives, and triggered the accident at Fukushima that destroyed several reactors, spreading the radioactive inventory globally through the atmosph ...
Climate Data in the NWT
... National Park Service (lead Pam Sousanes) ‐ Will generate 800 m PRISM coverages of temperature and precipitation for Alaska using a 1981 ‐2010 base period starting this Fall ‐ Two year completion period ...
... National Park Service (lead Pam Sousanes) ‐ Will generate 800 m PRISM coverages of temperature and precipitation for Alaska using a 1981 ‐2010 base period starting this Fall ‐ Two year completion period ...
Sposito et al. 2012. Austr Decision
... carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and halocarbons (a group of gases containing fluoride, chlorine and bromide). Since the Industrial Revolution (around 1750), global atmospheric concentrations of CO2, CH4 and N2O have increased markedly as a result of human activities, and now ...
... carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and halocarbons (a group of gases containing fluoride, chlorine and bromide). Since the Industrial Revolution (around 1750), global atmospheric concentrations of CO2, CH4 and N2O have increased markedly as a result of human activities, and now ...
PLOS Biology - University of Hawaii
... which in turn reduce oxygen concentration [9,10] and primary productivity [11] (additional responses may include sea-level rise and extreme weather events, which we do not analyze here but that certainly will add to the stress likely to be exerted by greenhouse gas emissions [10]). Several analyses ...
... which in turn reduce oxygen concentration [9,10] and primary productivity [11] (additional responses may include sea-level rise and extreme weather events, which we do not analyze here but that certainly will add to the stress likely to be exerted by greenhouse gas emissions [10]). Several analyses ...
- Wiley Online Library
... X901M, X902L, X903H, X904M, X905L, and X906H from the Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In the current dynamic vegetation model, some parameters are more important than others in determining the vegetation distribution. Parameters that control ...
... X901M, X902L, X903H, X904M, X905L, and X906H from the Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In the current dynamic vegetation model, some parameters are more important than others in determining the vegetation distribution. Parameters that control ...
Mahongo_Impacts of Sea Level Rise
... gases since the industrial period began has given rise to concern over potential resultant climate changes ...
... gases since the industrial period began has given rise to concern over potential resultant climate changes ...
Warsaw: On the Road to Paris
... South Africa, countries reaffirmed their resolve to tackle climate change. They further built on those decisions at COP 18 in Doha, Qatar. This resolve is yet to be put into action as global emissions continue to push the world towards warming of 4 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by the ...
... South Africa, countries reaffirmed their resolve to tackle climate change. They further built on those decisions at COP 18 in Doha, Qatar. This resolve is yet to be put into action as global emissions continue to push the world towards warming of 4 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by the ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.