here - circle-2
... each location. As a result, their work also represents a great number of advances towards an integrated, proactive, and interdisciplinary management approach to the problems facing Mediterranean coastal areas. With this goal in mind, the participatory experiments undertaken at the local level have b ...
... each location. As a result, their work also represents a great number of advances towards an integrated, proactive, and interdisciplinary management approach to the problems facing Mediterranean coastal areas. With this goal in mind, the participatory experiments undertaken at the local level have b ...
Children`s health and Climate Change
... our children if the world continues emitting greenhouse gases to keep us on track towards 4-5 degrees of average warming this century - it is widely recognised by scientists this would risk a largely inhospitable planet. What is at stake is national responsibility for the future of our children. To ...
... our children if the world continues emitting greenhouse gases to keep us on track towards 4-5 degrees of average warming this century - it is widely recognised by scientists this would risk a largely inhospitable planet. What is at stake is national responsibility for the future of our children. To ...
Interannual variability and expected regional climate change over
... Until recently, climate change research concentrated particularly on long-term changes despite user needs becoming increasingly focused on shorter terms. The reason for this dissonance between users and scientists was usually stated in the following way: in the short term, climate variability would ...
... Until recently, climate change research concentrated particularly on long-term changes despite user needs becoming increasingly focused on shorter terms. The reason for this dissonance between users and scientists was usually stated in the following way: in the short term, climate variability would ...
Kevin Schaefer guest lecture,
... Estimates of Permafrost Emissions Schneider et al. (2012) Zuang et at. (2006) Dutta et al. (2006) ...
... Estimates of Permafrost Emissions Schneider et al. (2012) Zuang et at. (2006) Dutta et al. (2006) ...
Understanding future patterns of increased precipitation intensity in
... precip intensity (positive differences) for this multi-model mean, there is a distinct pattern to the changes. Increases of precipitation intensity are greatest in the tropics, as well as over northern Europe, northern Asia, the east coast of Asia, northwestern and northeastern North America, southw ...
... precip intensity (positive differences) for this multi-model mean, there is a distinct pattern to the changes. Increases of precipitation intensity are greatest in the tropics, as well as over northern Europe, northern Asia, the east coast of Asia, northwestern and northeastern North America, southw ...
A question of survival
... All major developed countries, along with many developing countries, have now submitted their INDCs. While all developed countries will need to substantially increase their reduction targets over time to bring them into line with a global carbon budget that ensures a high probability of keeping the ...
... All major developed countries, along with many developing countries, have now submitted their INDCs. While all developed countries will need to substantially increase their reduction targets over time to bring them into line with a global carbon budget that ensures a high probability of keeping the ...
Amphibian Breeding and Climate Change
... are key components of many ecosystems ( Burton & Likens 1975; Blaustein 1994), changes in amphibian populations could affect other species within their communities, such as their predators and prey, even if these species were unaffected directly by global warming (see discussion by Donnelly & Crump ...
... are key components of many ecosystems ( Burton & Likens 1975; Blaustein 1994), changes in amphibian populations could affect other species within their communities, such as their predators and prey, even if these species were unaffected directly by global warming (see discussion by Donnelly & Crump ...
Assessments of moisture fluxes east of the Andes in South America
... and the references quoted). The models used to evaluate future climate changes have, therefore, evolved over time. Global models have allowed for a better scientific understanding of anthropogenic global climate change and this has led to the developments of commensurate mitigation strategies. Howev ...
... and the references quoted). The models used to evaluate future climate changes have, therefore, evolved over time. Global models have allowed for a better scientific understanding of anthropogenic global climate change and this has led to the developments of commensurate mitigation strategies. Howev ...
Climate change and agriculture - NSW Department of Primary
... in summer, autumn and spring by 2030 while in winter the increase will be lower though still positive. Greater increases in temperature are indicated in the longer term (by 2050 and 2070), and for higher emission scenarios. Rainfall projections to 2030 for the same scenario suggest decreases in aver ...
... in summer, autumn and spring by 2030 while in winter the increase will be lower though still positive. Greater increases in temperature are indicated in the longer term (by 2050 and 2070), and for higher emission scenarios. Rainfall projections to 2030 for the same scenario suggest decreases in aver ...
report_workshop_14.10.10
... best. This approach has been adopted to enable stakeholders to think more creatively about the future, encouraging more proactive attitudes to adaptation as well as enhancing appreciation of the interconnectivity of processes and stakeholders operating at different scales. IMCORE is a European INTRR ...
... best. This approach has been adopted to enable stakeholders to think more creatively about the future, encouraging more proactive attitudes to adaptation as well as enhancing appreciation of the interconnectivity of processes and stakeholders operating at different scales. IMCORE is a European INTRR ...
Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development
... of experiencing desiccation due to their large projected reductions in rainfall and the significant increases in temperature foreseen for that region; suffering will be most acute for poor and vulnerable populations. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects an increase in the fr ...
... of experiencing desiccation due to their large projected reductions in rainfall and the significant increases in temperature foreseen for that region; suffering will be most acute for poor and vulnerable populations. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects an increase in the fr ...
Rapid climate variability during warm and cold periods in
... current interglacial period (8200 yr ago), and discuss their possible causes. We also quantify the rate of temperature increase at polar locations during previous, warmer interglacial periods, which do not exhibit any Antarctic evidence for abrupt events as large as during the last glacial. 2. Overv ...
... current interglacial period (8200 yr ago), and discuss their possible causes. We also quantify the rate of temperature increase at polar locations during previous, warmer interglacial periods, which do not exhibit any Antarctic evidence for abrupt events as large as during the last glacial. 2. Overv ...
An analysis of climate trends in the Susquehanna River basin
... through increasing amounts of evaporation and transpiration. In some locations, this can create more frequent precipitation events (Hergel and others 2004, Arnell 1999). This positive feedback amplifies the human – induced warming that is already taking place due to increased carbon dioxide levels. ...
... through increasing amounts of evaporation and transpiration. In some locations, this can create more frequent precipitation events (Hergel and others 2004, Arnell 1999). This positive feedback amplifies the human – induced warming that is already taking place due to increased carbon dioxide levels. ...
All developing countries where there is any ability to measure
... Dynamic consistency – addressing the problem that announcements for steep cuts in 2050 are not credible. The lack of credibility stems from two sources. First, it is known that today’s leaders cannot bind their successors. Second, the projected failures to meet the Kyoto targets, or even to peak, an ...
... Dynamic consistency – addressing the problem that announcements for steep cuts in 2050 are not credible. The lack of credibility stems from two sources. First, it is known that today’s leaders cannot bind their successors. Second, the projected failures to meet the Kyoto targets, or even to peak, an ...
What controls polar stratospheric temperature trends?
... change of the polar planetary waves that have little direct im- 513 SH high latitudes (40 oS-82.5oS) (dashed line), NH high latitude (40 oN-82.54 oN) (dotted line), and the changes in o the BDC in the SH high latitudes (40◦ S–82.5 ◦ S) the high latitudes (40 N-82.5oN and 40oS-82.5oS) (solid line) fo ...
... change of the polar planetary waves that have little direct im- 513 SH high latitudes (40 oS-82.5oS) (dashed line), NH high latitude (40 oN-82.54 oN) (dotted line), and the changes in o the BDC in the SH high latitudes (40◦ S–82.5 ◦ S) the high latitudes (40 N-82.5oN and 40oS-82.5oS) (solid line) fo ...
of babies and bathwater: why the clean air act`s cooperative
... change problem. In some respects we agree with that assessment, but it risks throwing the baby out with the bathwater. The Clean Air Act has much to offer a nation committed to reducing its carbon footprint. In particular, applying key features of the Clean Air Act to the climate change problem can ...
... change problem. In some respects we agree with that assessment, but it risks throwing the baby out with the bathwater. The Clean Air Act has much to offer a nation committed to reducing its carbon footprint. In particular, applying key features of the Clean Air Act to the climate change problem can ...
Climate change impacts on crop production in Iran`s Zayandeh
... and volume of water used (m 3). Higher temperatures can generally increase the irrigation water requirement. While increased irrigation can result in higher crop production even under higher temperatures, generally lower crop production is expected with global warming due to the limited water supply ...
... and volume of water used (m 3). Higher temperatures can generally increase the irrigation water requirement. While increased irrigation can result in higher crop production even under higher temperatures, generally lower crop production is expected with global warming due to the limited water supply ...
Multi-Basin Modelling of Future Hydrological Fluxes in the Indian
... tackle the problem of RCM misrepresentation is to bias correct the RCM data to make them reproduce historical observed statistics to the degree possible [17]. Different approaches to bias correction have been made, with various complexity [18]. Simpler methods include shifting long-term annual or se ...
... tackle the problem of RCM misrepresentation is to bias correct the RCM data to make them reproduce historical observed statistics to the degree possible [17]. Different approaches to bias correction have been made, with various complexity [18]. Simpler methods include shifting long-term annual or se ...
Palutikof
... • Submissions of literature and/or text can be made to the appropriate CLA, the Co-Chairs or the TSU, for consideration IPCC Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability ...
... • Submissions of literature and/or text can be made to the appropriate CLA, the Co-Chairs or the TSU, for consideration IPCC Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability ...
Review of current monitoring efforts in coastal ecosystems
... The second objective is to estimate the distribution and rate of change of population, urbanization, and land use/land cover in the coastal zone. It is believed that using current datasets these rates can be estimated within 1 year. The third goal is to assess the vulnerability of ecosystems in ...
... The second objective is to estimate the distribution and rate of change of population, urbanization, and land use/land cover in the coastal zone. It is believed that using current datasets these rates can be estimated within 1 year. The third goal is to assess the vulnerability of ecosystems in ...
CRS Report for Congress Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Conflicting Situations, Conflicting Perspectives
... Thus the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and much of the current debate about actions to control greenhouse gas emissions focus on individual nations’ amounts of emissions. As a result, primary attention falls on current greenhouse gas emissions, past greenhouse gas emissions, and projected greenhouse g ...
... Thus the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and much of the current debate about actions to control greenhouse gas emissions focus on individual nations’ amounts of emissions. As a result, primary attention falls on current greenhouse gas emissions, past greenhouse gas emissions, and projected greenhouse g ...
L I V E L I H O O D
... Direct impacts include those due to changes in exposure to weather extremes (heat waves, winter cold); increases in other extreme weather events (floods, cyclones, storm-surges, droughts); and increased production of air pollutants and aeroallergens (spores and moulds). Additionally - vector-borne ...
... Direct impacts include those due to changes in exposure to weather extremes (heat waves, winter cold); increases in other extreme weather events (floods, cyclones, storm-surges, droughts); and increased production of air pollutants and aeroallergens (spores and moulds). Additionally - vector-borne ...
On predicting climate under climate change
... threshold for the chosen variable, when using distributions constructed over shorter timeframes as opposed to the one constructed over 100 000 years. Thus, the greater D, the greater the error in quantifying the variable’s probability distribution; if D = 0.2 then the probability of exceeding some t ...
... threshold for the chosen variable, when using distributions constructed over shorter timeframes as opposed to the one constructed over 100 000 years. Thus, the greater D, the greater the error in quantifying the variable’s probability distribution; if D = 0.2 then the probability of exceeding some t ...
Agenda Setting and Issue Definition at the Micro Level: Giving
... These models operate at the macro level. How do processes at the micro level influence these dynamics? In their book Politics of Attention, Jones and Baumgartner (2005) describe how issues are prioritized at the individual and institutional decision-making levels. In their behavioral model of decisi ...
... These models operate at the macro level. How do processes at the micro level influence these dynamics? In their book Politics of Attention, Jones and Baumgartner (2005) describe how issues are prioritized at the individual and institutional decision-making levels. In their behavioral model of decisi ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.