States (and Cities) as Actors in Global Climate Regulation: Unitary
... enact climate regulation. Such legislation will in turn promote U.S. reentry to serious international climate regulatory negotiations, which is prerequisite for post-Bali international progress. These initiatives have provided a catalyst for domestic public attention and support and enhanced the lik ...
... enact climate regulation. Such legislation will in turn promote U.S. reentry to serious international climate regulatory negotiations, which is prerequisite for post-Bali international progress. These initiatives have provided a catalyst for domestic public attention and support and enhanced the lik ...
Land - Use/Land Cover Change as a
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
CLIMATE CHANGE – SCOPING THE ISSUES
... In Finland, Norway and Sweden, rain and mild weather during the winter season often prevents reindeer from accessing lichen, which is a vital food source. This has caused massive loss of reindeers. For Saami communities, reindeers are vital to their culture, subsistence and economy. This has forced ...
... In Finland, Norway and Sweden, rain and mild weather during the winter season often prevents reindeer from accessing lichen, which is a vital food source. This has caused massive loss of reindeers. For Saami communities, reindeers are vital to their culture, subsistence and economy. This has forced ...
Multidecadal Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability and
... The NAOI spectrum is almost white, but there is multidecadal variability ...
... The NAOI spectrum is almost white, but there is multidecadal variability ...
Impacts of thermohaline circulation shutdown in the twenty
... includes river run-off, and freezing and melting of soil moisture. The distribution of land ice is prescribed. Unless stated otherwise, decadally averaged model data are used here. When greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations are held fixed at levels typical of the late 19th century (‘pre-industri ...
... includes river run-off, and freezing and melting of soil moisture. The distribution of land ice is prescribed. Unless stated otherwise, decadally averaged model data are used here. When greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations are held fixed at levels typical of the late 19th century (‘pre-industri ...
... miles. The deliveries for the KFC restaurant in Glen Carbon, IL account for 3,922 miles by trucks each week, which releases 10.6 tons of CO2 per week or 551 tons per year into the atmosphere. Even with existing low tech solution such as truck flaps, the company can decrease CO2 emissions by about 40 ...
Climate Change and Sea Level Rise
... [1.3 to 2.3] mm per year from 1961 to 2003 (IPCC, 2007); and significantly higher than the average rate of 0.1 to 0.2 mm/yr increase recorded by geological data over the last 3,000 years.1 Even if greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were stabilized in the near future, sea levels would continue to rise fo ...
... [1.3 to 2.3] mm per year from 1961 to 2003 (IPCC, 2007); and significantly higher than the average rate of 0.1 to 0.2 mm/yr increase recorded by geological data over the last 3,000 years.1 Even if greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were stabilized in the near future, sea levels would continue to rise fo ...
Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in Indian Policy Planning
... Climate change is now recognised as one of the most pressing global issues of our planet (El Sioufi (2010). A review of climate science by the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS, 2010) concludes that “the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities” ...
... Climate change is now recognised as one of the most pressing global issues of our planet (El Sioufi (2010). A review of climate science by the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS, 2010) concludes that “the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities” ...
impact of climate change on the runoff regime of an eastern
... historical data analyses have illustrated an overall rise in global surface air temperature by about 0.5°C– 1.1°C. The analysis of historical global surface temperature data since 1850 has also revealed that eleven of the recent twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the warmest years (IPCC, 2007). As ...
... historical data analyses have illustrated an overall rise in global surface air temperature by about 0.5°C– 1.1°C. The analysis of historical global surface temperature data since 1850 has also revealed that eleven of the recent twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the warmest years (IPCC, 2007). As ...
Working Group I Fifth Assessment Report
... evidence of climate change derives from observations of the atmosphere, land, oceans, and cryosphere. Unequivocal evidence from in situ observations and ice core records shows that the atmospheric concentrations of important greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides have i ...
... evidence of climate change derives from observations of the atmosphere, land, oceans, and cryosphere. Unequivocal evidence from in situ observations and ice core records shows that the atmospheric concentrations of important greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides have i ...
Chapter 19 Climate Change Effects on Watershed Processes in
... Historical trends1 in air temperature and precipitation provide important context against which future climate projections may be evaluated. Trend results, however, vary with the time period of analysis (i.e., 30, 50, 00 years), and in particular with the starting point of any trend calculation. Cl ...
... Historical trends1 in air temperature and precipitation provide important context against which future climate projections may be evaluated. Trend results, however, vary with the time period of analysis (i.e., 30, 50, 00 years), and in particular with the starting point of any trend calculation. Cl ...
Review of Climate Change Adaptation Plan and Policies in Nepal
... We chose global warming, sometimes known as the “greenhouse effect” or as “global climate change”, it is widely recognized as one of the most important issues on the current international environmental agenda. IPCC (2007) concluded that the evidence for warming of the global climate is ‘unequivocal’ ...
... We chose global warming, sometimes known as the “greenhouse effect” or as “global climate change”, it is widely recognized as one of the most important issues on the current international environmental agenda. IPCC (2007) concluded that the evidence for warming of the global climate is ‘unequivocal’ ...
CRS Report for Congress Global Climate Change: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions —
... On 15 October 1992 the United States ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force 21 March 1994. This committed the U.S. to “national policies” to limit “its anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases,” with a voluntary goal of returning “emi ...
... On 15 October 1992 the United States ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force 21 March 1994. This committed the U.S. to “national policies” to limit “its anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases,” with a voluntary goal of returning “emi ...
Regional Security Implications of Climate Change A
... implications of climate change are significant. Most of the studies fall in one of the following two categories: First, global or regional studies: These studies are mostly desk-based and focus on outlining plausible, narrative scenarios for different regions in the world. Despite the variance, most ...
... implications of climate change are significant. Most of the studies fall in one of the following two categories: First, global or regional studies: These studies are mostly desk-based and focus on outlining plausible, narrative scenarios for different regions in the world. Despite the variance, most ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... extremes over East Africa. An increase of more than 20% in the very extreme (once-in-100-years) rainfall events is expected in southern Ethiopia by the year 2100. A rise in extreme rainfall events during the long rainy season could have long-term implications for flood impacts.14 According to the co ...
... extremes over East Africa. An increase of more than 20% in the very extreme (once-in-100-years) rainfall events is expected in southern Ethiopia by the year 2100. A rise in extreme rainfall events during the long rainy season could have long-term implications for flood impacts.14 According to the co ...
Aghion_et_al_policy_paper_Nov2014 (opens in new window)
... economics of climate change? The pace of cost reduction in clean technologies depends strongly on learning and experimentation from research and development, and experience from deployment. Costs also depend on innovation in other dimensions — how well new clean technologies integrate with each othe ...
... economics of climate change? The pace of cost reduction in clean technologies depends strongly on learning and experimentation from research and development, and experience from deployment. Costs also depend on innovation in other dimensions — how well new clean technologies integrate with each othe ...
here. - PSR: Iowa
... Warmer air holds more moisture. Most Iowans already feel the impact of the changing climate through the evolving changes in precipitation cycles. Extreme precipitation events with attendant tornadoes, downpours, and floods, interspersed by severe drought, are expected to intensify in the coming year ...
... Warmer air holds more moisture. Most Iowans already feel the impact of the changing climate through the evolving changes in precipitation cycles. Extreme precipitation events with attendant tornadoes, downpours, and floods, interspersed by severe drought, are expected to intensify in the coming year ...
Working Paper - University of Sussex
... Figure 2 also shows that, by and large, the negative impacts of climate change will fall on developing economies. Some have argued that the proportional impacts of climate change increase with per capita income (Hoel & Sterner, 2007; Sterner & Persson, 2008). The empirical evidence shows the opposit ...
... Figure 2 also shows that, by and large, the negative impacts of climate change will fall on developing economies. Some have argued that the proportional impacts of climate change increase with per capita income (Hoel & Sterner, 2007; Sterner & Persson, 2008). The empirical evidence shows the opposit ...
Climate Change Action Plan
... international significance is enshrined in its status as a World Heritage Area. It supports a wealth of recreational opportunities, thousands of jobs, and industries worth $6.9 billion dollars annually. However, coral reefs are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and the Great Barrie ...
... international significance is enshrined in its status as a World Heritage Area. It supports a wealth of recreational opportunities, thousands of jobs, and industries worth $6.9 billion dollars annually. However, coral reefs are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and the Great Barrie ...
Houston, Texas, 9th February 2005
... runs a slightly different computer simulation examining what happens to the global climate if levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere double from pre-industrial levels - which may happen by the middle of the century. This project has found that temperature rise could be very much higher than any ...
... runs a slightly different computer simulation examining what happens to the global climate if levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere double from pre-industrial levels - which may happen by the middle of the century. This project has found that temperature rise could be very much higher than any ...
Global Climate Risk Index 2015
... occur if no action towards limiting global temperatures to 2°C is taken, with many of these events affecting developing countries whose vulnerability to climate change is particularly high. There is still time to achieve the 2°C goal and minimalize the consequences of climate change; however, if mit ...
... occur if no action towards limiting global temperatures to 2°C is taken, with many of these events affecting developing countries whose vulnerability to climate change is particularly high. There is still time to achieve the 2°C goal and minimalize the consequences of climate change; however, if mit ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Air Quality
... stagnation events, during which most of the air pollution episodes occur, in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV) will increase and the intensity of stagnation will be stronger in the future for the two main air pollution seasons (i.e., summer and winter). Increases in surface wind and planetary bo ...
... stagnation events, during which most of the air pollution episodes occur, in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV) will increase and the intensity of stagnation will be stronger in the future for the two main air pollution seasons (i.e., summer and winter). Increases in surface wind and planetary bo ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.