California Climate Extremes Workshop Report Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA
... we could adapt to those changes. For instance, if flooding becomes more intense (a larger volume of floodwater), bigger flood control channels may be needed. If flooding becomes more frequent, perhaps more small channels needed to drain roads that inconveniently ...
... we could adapt to those changes. For instance, if flooding becomes more intense (a larger volume of floodwater), bigger flood control channels may be needed. If flooding becomes more frequent, perhaps more small channels needed to drain roads that inconveniently ...
svcrproc
... energy goods are coal, crude oil, petroleum and coal products, natural gas, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and electricity. The non-energy goods are aggregated into four categories. The first category includes energy-intensive products; the second includes agriculture, other manufactures and serv ...
... energy goods are coal, crude oil, petroleum and coal products, natural gas, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and electricity. The non-energy goods are aggregated into four categories. The first category includes energy-intensive products; the second includes agriculture, other manufactures and serv ...
3.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
... in excess of natural levels result in increasing global surface temperatures—a phenomenon commonly referred to as global warming. Higher global surface temperatures in turn result in changes to Earth’s climate system, including increased ocean temperature and acidity, reduced sea ice, variable preci ...
... in excess of natural levels result in increasing global surface temperatures—a phenomenon commonly referred to as global warming. Higher global surface temperatures in turn result in changes to Earth’s climate system, including increased ocean temperature and acidity, reduced sea ice, variable preci ...
Decadal-Scale Temperature Trends in the Southern Hemisphere
... on the basis of South Atlantic results from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model, Wainer et al. (2004) suggested that a global warming scenario would yield rapid changes in SST and barotropic transport within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) compared wit ...
... on the basis of South Atlantic results from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model, Wainer et al. (2004) suggested that a global warming scenario would yield rapid changes in SST and barotropic transport within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) compared wit ...
Carbon Accounting and Management
... What is Dangerous Climate and 2 degrees effects Carbon Legislations and Carbon Footprint ...
... What is Dangerous Climate and 2 degrees effects Carbon Legislations and Carbon Footprint ...
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
... Arctic Ocean, resulting in both positive and negative impacts. Coastal wetland and bog ecosystems are likely to expand, adding habitat for some species, but also increasing methane emissions. The projected increase in freshwater input to the ocean is likely to have important implications for factors ...
... Arctic Ocean, resulting in both positive and negative impacts. Coastal wetland and bog ecosystems are likely to expand, adding habitat for some species, but also increasing methane emissions. The projected increase in freshwater input to the ocean is likely to have important implications for factors ...
Confidence, uncertainty and decision-support relevance in climate predictions
... a transient state which may stabilize towards some other attractor when the forcing stabilizes at some other constant concentration.1 Climate under climate change is still the distribution of possible weather but it cannot be evaluated in the real world (without access to many universes). It is well ...
... a transient state which may stabilize towards some other attractor when the forcing stabilizes at some other constant concentration.1 Climate under climate change is still the distribution of possible weather but it cannot be evaluated in the real world (without access to many universes). It is well ...
Presenters
... Evaluation of the radiative forcing of climate change factors and its effects to the climate system Long-term global environmental projection using an integrated earth system model in the KAKUSHIN Pro Anthropogenic Forcing Associated with Changes in Cirrus Clouds Impact of climate change mitigation ...
... Evaluation of the radiative forcing of climate change factors and its effects to the climate system Long-term global environmental projection using an integrated earth system model in the KAKUSHIN Pro Anthropogenic Forcing Associated with Changes in Cirrus Clouds Impact of climate change mitigation ...
Death by Degrees: North Carolina
... encourage the growth of food contaminants, such as E. coli and salmonella, illnesses that already affect North Carolina’s residents. Global warming also may change the chemical composition of the water that fish and shellfish inhabit, causing the amount of life-sustaining oxygen in the water to dec ...
... encourage the growth of food contaminants, such as E. coli and salmonella, illnesses that already affect North Carolina’s residents. Global warming also may change the chemical composition of the water that fish and shellfish inhabit, causing the amount of life-sustaining oxygen in the water to dec ...
Selecting and Using Climate Change Scenarios for British Columbia
... scenarios should I use?” A climate scenario consists of a projected future climate based on a specific greenhouse gas emissions path for this century, calculated by a specific global climate model (GCM). A climate change scenario is based on the difference between the projected future and simulated ...
... scenarios should I use?” A climate scenario consists of a projected future climate based on a specific greenhouse gas emissions path for this century, calculated by a specific global climate model (GCM). A climate change scenario is based on the difference between the projected future and simulated ...
The Climate of Middle Earth
... height dependent on the distance from the Earth’s surface boxes situated near the surface of the Earth have a smaller height than those at the top of the atmosphere or bottom of the ocean. This results in a ‘matrix’ of boxes covering the world, with 96 boxes in the West-East direction, 73 boxes in N ...
... height dependent on the distance from the Earth’s surface boxes situated near the surface of the Earth have a smaller height than those at the top of the atmosphere or bottom of the ocean. This results in a ‘matrix’ of boxes covering the world, with 96 boxes in the West-East direction, 73 boxes in N ...
Fishing, climate change and north-east Atlantic cod
... second half of the 20th century has been linked to subsequent declines in cod recruitment26,27. Such fluctuations follow changes in SST in the North Sea26. When the dynamics of prey species are also incorporated into stock models, further differences in recruitment and SSB are suggested71. Decreases ...
... second half of the 20th century has been linked to subsequent declines in cod recruitment26,27. Such fluctuations follow changes in SST in the North Sea26. When the dynamics of prey species are also incorporated into stock models, further differences in recruitment and SSB are suggested71. Decreases ...
- Ontario Climate Change Data Portal
... results were insensitive to different significance levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.05. Thus a cluster tree reflecting the inherent relationship between regional coarse-resolution predictors and local high-resolution predictands can be established for each grid cell. The remaining ten-year data from 19 ...
... results were insensitive to different significance levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.05. Thus a cluster tree reflecting the inherent relationship between regional coarse-resolution predictors and local high-resolution predictands can be established for each grid cell. The remaining ten-year data from 19 ...
Role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate
... Recently, biogenic opal reconstructions have suggested that during deglaciation, as well as throughout the last glacial period, CO2 rises were preceded by an increase in deep upwelling in the Southern Ocean (Anderson et al., 2009). Denton et al. (2010) and Toggweiler and Lea (2010) have proposed tha ...
... Recently, biogenic opal reconstructions have suggested that during deglaciation, as well as throughout the last glacial period, CO2 rises were preceded by an increase in deep upwelling in the Southern Ocean (Anderson et al., 2009). Denton et al. (2010) and Toggweiler and Lea (2010) have proposed tha ...
- NERC Open Research Archive
... present day changes exceed the natural range. Palaeorecords show that periods of long-term stability and periods of change are both normal. In addition, non-linear abrupt climate changes can also occur. 3. Concentrations of the greenhouse gas CO2 in the atmosphere have ranged from ~3000 ppm (parts p ...
... present day changes exceed the natural range. Palaeorecords show that periods of long-term stability and periods of change are both normal. In addition, non-linear abrupt climate changes can also occur. 3. Concentrations of the greenhouse gas CO2 in the atmosphere have ranged from ~3000 ppm (parts p ...
Analysis of perception and adaptation to climate change in the Nile
... use of irrigation is the least adaptation practiced among the major adaptation methods identified in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. More use of different crop varieties as adaptation could be associated with the less expense and ease of access by farmers; and the limited use of irrigation could be attr ...
... use of irrigation is the least adaptation practiced among the major adaptation methods identified in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. More use of different crop varieties as adaptation could be associated with the less expense and ease of access by farmers; and the limited use of irrigation could be attr ...
Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review
... course of the current century is highly uncertain; and as yet, there is no evidence to link this trend to anthropogenic climate change (Bouwer, 2011). Extreme events may have considerable impacts on sectors that have close links with climate, such as water, agriculture and food security, forestry, h ...
... course of the current century is highly uncertain; and as yet, there is no evidence to link this trend to anthropogenic climate change (Bouwer, 2011). Extreme events may have considerable impacts on sectors that have close links with climate, such as water, agriculture and food security, forestry, h ...
Topic 12: Agriculture, Climate Change and Adaptation
... These are rival goods where investments in one strategy might preclude investments in another whether it be an alternative adaptation or alternative mitigation strategy. There is also rivalry with traditional production enhancing investment where large adaptation or mitigation investment programs pr ...
... These are rival goods where investments in one strategy might preclude investments in another whether it be an alternative adaptation or alternative mitigation strategy. There is also rivalry with traditional production enhancing investment where large adaptation or mitigation investment programs pr ...
a PDF
... in the past two decades.This is confirmed by a large body of scientific data.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that this warming is mostly attributable to the build up of greenhouse gases (principally CO2) in the atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels and changes ...
... in the past two decades.This is confirmed by a large body of scientific data.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that this warming is mostly attributable to the build up of greenhouse gases (principally CO2) in the atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels and changes ...
Climate Change, Adaptive Strategies and Rural Livelihoods in
... pends almost entirely on the rainy season, a situation that makes Africa particularly vulnerable to climate change. Increased droughts negatively affect food availability, as it happened in the horn of Africa and southern Africa during the 1980s and 1990s [1,7]. Many regions are likely to be adverse ...
... pends almost entirely on the rainy season, a situation that makes Africa particularly vulnerable to climate change. Increased droughts negatively affect food availability, as it happened in the horn of Africa and southern Africa during the 1980s and 1990s [1,7]. Many regions are likely to be adverse ...
0915 Reporting through CDP - Verduzco (Chevron)
... CDP 2011 will add a new organizational setting approach developed by CDSB ...
... CDP 2011 will add a new organizational setting approach developed by CDSB ...
CLIMATE POLICY IN LIGHT OF CLIMATE SCIENCE: THE ICLIPS
... valuation of non-market goods and ecosystem services is the most serious problem. The decades- or even centuries-long delay between incurring the emission reduction costs and redeeming the resulting benefits due to the inertia of the climate system, the rather asymmetric uncertainty positions (in wh ...
... valuation of non-market goods and ecosystem services is the most serious problem. The decades- or even centuries-long delay between incurring the emission reduction costs and redeeming the resulting benefits due to the inertia of the climate system, the rather asymmetric uncertainty positions (in wh ...
Preserving the Ocean Circulation: Implications for Climate Policy
... rate-dependent damages of global warming (e.g., Peck and Teisberg [1994], Toth et al. [1997]), or the possibility of abrupt climate changes (e.g., Lempert et al. [1994]). However, the specific damage and the dependency of the thermohaline circulation collapse on the rate of greenhouse gas increase h ...
... rate-dependent damages of global warming (e.g., Peck and Teisberg [1994], Toth et al. [1997]), or the possibility of abrupt climate changes (e.g., Lempert et al. [1994]). However, the specific damage and the dependency of the thermohaline circulation collapse on the rate of greenhouse gas increase h ...
Interactive comment on “Was the Little Ice Age more or less El Niño
... error >=60 years is somewhat arbitrary but chosen as it is twice the averaging period of 30 years. We apologise if it was not clear how this dating error was then determined for individual proxies. We took the dating error from the original publications where it was reported, and else referred to ag ...
... error >=60 years is somewhat arbitrary but chosen as it is twice the averaging period of 30 years. We apologise if it was not clear how this dating error was then determined for individual proxies. We took the dating error from the original publications where it was reported, and else referred to ag ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.