Simulating effects of land use changes on carbon fluxes: past
... and Ciais, 2004). This limitation can be overcome by endogenous modelling of LULUC processes based on spatially explicit land use maps. Previous global studies taking this approach used terrestrial models either forced by prescribed climate fields and atmospheric CO2 (McGuire et al., 2001) or run as ...
... and Ciais, 2004). This limitation can be overcome by endogenous modelling of LULUC processes based on spatially explicit land use maps. Previous global studies taking this approach used terrestrial models either forced by prescribed climate fields and atmospheric CO2 (McGuire et al., 2001) or run as ...
Policy Tools for Local Adaptation to Sea Level Rise
... for dealing with climate change that balance the known vs. the unknown. This is especially important when decisions may be irreversible. There is a growing sense of urgency among the scientific community that adaptation actions need to begin now. Significant delay into the next decade or beyond as c ...
... for dealing with climate change that balance the known vs. the unknown. This is especially important when decisions may be irreversible. There is a growing sense of urgency among the scientific community that adaptation actions need to begin now. Significant delay into the next decade or beyond as c ...
Climate Change in Zambia
... 1. The information compiled suggests that Zambia is vulnerable to current and future climate change and variability. The country has already recorded increases in temperature and reduced rainfall in the last few decades, with temperatures estimated to increase at 0.6oC every ten years. The frequency ...
... 1. The information compiled suggests that Zambia is vulnerable to current and future climate change and variability. The country has already recorded increases in temperature and reduced rainfall in the last few decades, with temperatures estimated to increase at 0.6oC every ten years. The frequency ...
Uncertainty, scepticism and attitudes towards climate change
... scepticism) about climate change. However, to date very few studies have yet sought to examine the effect of new information on people’s existing attitudes about climate change (for an exception see Corbett & Durfee, 2004). Biased assimilation and attitude polarisation There is a considerable body o ...
... scepticism) about climate change. However, to date very few studies have yet sought to examine the effect of new information on people’s existing attitudes about climate change (for an exception see Corbett & Durfee, 2004). Biased assimilation and attitude polarisation There is a considerable body o ...
A Two-Step Flow of Influence? Opinion-Leader
... in a way that connects to the specific core values of various publics, but it also means reaching these audiences with the carefully crafted message. This is not an easy task. The great paradox of today’s media world is that the American public has greater access to quality information about climate ...
... in a way that connects to the specific core values of various publics, but it also means reaching these audiences with the carefully crafted message. This is not an easy task. The great paradox of today’s media world is that the American public has greater access to quality information about climate ...
National baseline and INDC scenarios for Parties
... decline [3]. Based on this, the BAU scenario shows a decrease of net annual LULUCF emissions by 2020 in the range of 3.6 Mt CO2e yr-1 compared to 2010 levels. As the BAU scenario has only been reported until 2020, it is assumed that net LULUCF emissions levels would remain constant in the BAU scenar ...
... decline [3]. Based on this, the BAU scenario shows a decrease of net annual LULUCF emissions by 2020 in the range of 3.6 Mt CO2e yr-1 compared to 2010 levels. As the BAU scenario has only been reported until 2020, it is assumed that net LULUCF emissions levels would remain constant in the BAU scenar ...
spread_talk_May2007 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic
... scenario of radiative forcing. The values are averaged over all the ~20 simulations used in the most recent UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report. The warming is calculated by subtracting temperatures at the end of the 20th century (1961-1990) from temperatures at the end of the 21st c ...
... scenario of radiative forcing. The values are averaged over all the ~20 simulations used in the most recent UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report. The warming is calculated by subtracting temperatures at the end of the 20th century (1961-1990) from temperatures at the end of the 21st c ...
Overpeck and Cole, 2006
... CO2 (∼20 ppm), whereas D/O events experience smaller CO2 changes (≤10 ppm) (31, 32). Methane changes associated with D/O events reach ∼150 parts per billion, almost half the glacial-interglacial amplitude (33). Both Heinrich and D/O events exhibit clear global impacts. These patterns have been summa ...
... CO2 (∼20 ppm), whereas D/O events experience smaller CO2 changes (≤10 ppm) (31, 32). Methane changes associated with D/O events reach ∼150 parts per billion, almost half the glacial-interglacial amplitude (33). Both Heinrich and D/O events exhibit clear global impacts. These patterns have been summa ...
PDF
... seasons with low rainfall (Jain 2006), although Zambia also experiences heavy localized floods that threaten agricultural production. The general climate outlook for southern Africa is characterized by rising temperatures and an increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events (IPCC 2013a) ...
... seasons with low rainfall (Jain 2006), although Zambia also experiences heavy localized floods that threaten agricultural production. The general climate outlook for southern Africa is characterized by rising temperatures and an increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events (IPCC 2013a) ...
U_Toronto_Jan2007 - Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... scenario of radiative forcing. The values are averaged over all the ~20 simulations used in the most recent UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report. The warming is calculated by subtracting temperatures at the end of the 20th century (1961-1990) from temperatures at the end of the 21st c ...
... scenario of radiative forcing. The values are averaged over all the ~20 simulations used in the most recent UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report. The warming is calculated by subtracting temperatures at the end of the 20th century (1961-1990) from temperatures at the end of the 21st c ...
The Effect of Climate Change on the Vegetation Cover of the Mujib
... University of Gothenburg) has also been used with some experts in the field of the nature reservesby displays the data statistically and read their behavior and try to find a relationship linking to other climatic data. The specialists have also been in cooperation with the Royal Society for the Pro ...
... University of Gothenburg) has also been used with some experts in the field of the nature reservesby displays the data statistically and read their behavior and try to find a relationship linking to other climatic data. The specialists have also been in cooperation with the Royal Society for the Pro ...
Report Gas Greenhouse
... Constituent gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere are called “greenhouse gases” (GHGs), analogous to the way a greenhouse retains heat. GHGs play a critical role in the Earth’s radiation budget by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface, which would otherwise have esc ...
... Constituent gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere are called “greenhouse gases” (GHGs), analogous to the way a greenhouse retains heat. GHGs play a critical role in the Earth’s radiation budget by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface, which would otherwise have esc ...
Coffee and Climate Change
... Laderach et al 2010 discuss the adaptation options in the face of climate change. Although suitability mapping indicate that there is potential for coffee to move higher to altitudes that are still suitable for coffee there may be other restrictions to this occurring. Firstly, much of the higher alt ...
... Laderach et al 2010 discuss the adaptation options in the face of climate change. Although suitability mapping indicate that there is potential for coffee to move higher to altitudes that are still suitable for coffee there may be other restrictions to this occurring. Firstly, much of the higher alt ...
Marine Science - Archimer
... As well as driving ocean circulation, atmospheric processes are important drivers of the exchange of heat between ocean and atmosphere (heat flux) and the changing freshwater content of the ocean (evaporation –precipitation balance, and freshwater inputs). Holliday et al. (2011b) review the links be ...
... As well as driving ocean circulation, atmospheric processes are important drivers of the exchange of heat between ocean and atmosphere (heat flux) and the changing freshwater content of the ocean (evaporation –precipitation balance, and freshwater inputs). Holliday et al. (2011b) review the links be ...
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological Diversity
... 5. Direct capture of carbon from the atmosphere and its subsequent storage, for example, using “artificial trees” and storage in geological formations or in the deep ocean. CDR approaches involve two steps: (1) carbon sequestration or removal of CO2 from the atmosphere; and (2) storage of the seques ...
... 5. Direct capture of carbon from the atmosphere and its subsequent storage, for example, using “artificial trees” and storage in geological formations or in the deep ocean. CDR approaches involve two steps: (1) carbon sequestration or removal of CO2 from the atmosphere; and (2) storage of the seques ...
Seedling Growth Performance of Cassia fistula (Linn.) Using Climate
... differentiation (Colmore, 2003). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) pointed out that a 1.5o C mean temperature increase is equivalent to a potential northward shift of 50 to 80 km per decade or an altitude shift of 40-55 m per decade. The effects of climate change scenari ...
... differentiation (Colmore, 2003). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) pointed out that a 1.5o C mean temperature increase is equivalent to a potential northward shift of 50 to 80 km per decade or an altitude shift of 40-55 m per decade. The effects of climate change scenari ...
GOVERNMENT LIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: SELECTED LEGAL ISSUES RELATED TO FLOOD
... expected in the coming years. This is particularly true where scientific studies quantify climate change and increases in the frequency and intensity of flooding. To reduce flood damages from climate change, governments can strengthen their floodplain regulations including revised floodplain maps, i ...
... expected in the coming years. This is particularly true where scientific studies quantify climate change and increases in the frequency and intensity of flooding. To reduce flood damages from climate change, governments can strengthen their floodplain regulations including revised floodplain maps, i ...
Representation of Extreme Precipitation Events Leading to Opposite
... major role in global warming conditions. Therefore, adequate and improved representation of soil processes in climate models is essential to study the effects of climate change. However, the better representation of extreme rainfall events in REMO compared to ...
... major role in global warming conditions. Therefore, adequate and improved representation of soil processes in climate models is essential to study the effects of climate change. However, the better representation of extreme rainfall events in REMO compared to ...
Zimbabwe Capacity Development Needs Assessment Report
... m3), Lesotho (1658 m3) and South Africa (700 m3) during the same period. However, this apparent large storage index does not translate to water security as many sectors are faced with water supply and availability challenges. Projections indicate that, for Zimbabwe, the level of per capita water ava ...
... m3), Lesotho (1658 m3) and South Africa (700 m3) during the same period. However, this apparent large storage index does not translate to water security as many sectors are faced with water supply and availability challenges. Projections indicate that, for Zimbabwe, the level of per capita water ava ...
Climate Change and Wetlands: Impacts and Mitigation
... Natural peat-accumulating wetlands (peatlands) are known to be an overall sink for carbon (Gitay et al 2001; Roulet 2000), although CH4 emissions from these ecosystems represent a considerable source of carbon to the atmosphere (Roulet 2000; see below). In a study of the Canadian peatlands, Roulet ( ...
... Natural peat-accumulating wetlands (peatlands) are known to be an overall sink for carbon (Gitay et al 2001; Roulet 2000), although CH4 emissions from these ecosystems represent a considerable source of carbon to the atmosphere (Roulet 2000; see below). In a study of the Canadian peatlands, Roulet ( ...
Quantifying Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
... instance, lWV , 0, because rising T leads to greater humidity, and because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, this inhibits heat loss by the climate system. Likewise, lalbedo , 0 because higher T reduces the area covered by ice and snow, reducing the surface albedo and leading to greater absorption of ...
... instance, lWV , 0, because rising T leads to greater humidity, and because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, this inhibits heat loss by the climate system. Likewise, lalbedo , 0 because higher T reduces the area covered by ice and snow, reducing the surface albedo and leading to greater absorption of ...
Wooldridge et al. 2012. GBR Safeguarding Corals Against CC
... The decision support tool ‘ChloroSim’ (Wooldridge et al. 2006) was used to model the beneficial effects of riverine DIN reductions, relative to present day, on the size and intensity of the enriching footprint of flood plumes within the GBR lagoon. ChloroSim is based on a regionally-calibrated relat ...
... The decision support tool ‘ChloroSim’ (Wooldridge et al. 2006) was used to model the beneficial effects of riverine DIN reductions, relative to present day, on the size and intensity of the enriching footprint of flood plumes within the GBR lagoon. ChloroSim is based on a regionally-calibrated relat ...
Climate change challenges Tuvalu
... The main cause for rising sea levels is the expansion of water due to an increase in water temperature and is thus a mere physical phenomenon. Additional factors are the thawing of mountain glaciers and the ice covering in Greenland, resulting from an increase in temperature of the earth’s atmospher ...
... The main cause for rising sea levels is the expansion of water due to an increase in water temperature and is thus a mere physical phenomenon. Additional factors are the thawing of mountain glaciers and the ice covering in Greenland, resulting from an increase in temperature of the earth’s atmospher ...
Changing Landscapes, Changing Lives
... over the next 50 years and beyond. One major source of future uncertainty relates to climate change, as northern areas of BC are warming at nearly double the global average rate. A number of research studies have been conducted that focused on climate change in the NRB. These studies show that air t ...
... over the next 50 years and beyond. One major source of future uncertainty relates to climate change, as northern areas of BC are warming at nearly double the global average rate. A number of research studies have been conducted that focused on climate change in the NRB. These studies show that air t ...
Managing for climate change on federal lands of the western United
... The vast majority (>90%) of federal lands in Idaho and Montana are managed by the USFS and the BLM, and these lands account for approximately 62% and 29%, respectively, of the land base of these two states (Gorte et al. 2012). Therefore, we elected to focus the majority of our recruitment efforts on ...
... The vast majority (>90%) of federal lands in Idaho and Montana are managed by the USFS and the BLM, and these lands account for approximately 62% and 29%, respectively, of the land base of these two states (Gorte et al. 2012). Therefore, we elected to focus the majority of our recruitment efforts on ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.