The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL
... LW bands covering 10–3000 cm−1 . In the computation absorption by water vapour, CO2 , ozone, N2 O, CH4 , CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-22, aerosols, as well as clouds are considered. With the vertical resolution used in this study (39 levels up to 0.01 hPa), the model does not produce a Quasi-Biennial Oscilla ...
... LW bands covering 10–3000 cm−1 . In the computation absorption by water vapour, CO2 , ozone, N2 O, CH4 , CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-22, aerosols, as well as clouds are considered. With the vertical resolution used in this study (39 levels up to 0.01 hPa), the model does not produce a Quasi-Biennial Oscilla ...
Effects of Global Warming on Trout and Salmon in U.S. Streams
... additional, potentially severe threat to their survival. The earth has warmed significantly during the last 50 years, and most of the observed warming is believed to have been caused by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other heat-trapping gases. This warming is expected to accele ...
... additional, potentially severe threat to their survival. The earth has warmed significantly during the last 50 years, and most of the observed warming is believed to have been caused by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other heat-trapping gases. This warming is expected to accele ...
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SUB~ANTARCTIC
... Zone south of the Polar Front. The Subtropical Frontal Zone has, as its northern boundary, the North Subtropical Front and as its southern boundary the South Subtropical Front. These two fronts merge into a single Subtropical Front south of Australia. Another subtropical-type front is the Agulhas Fr ...
... Zone south of the Polar Front. The Subtropical Frontal Zone has, as its northern boundary, the North Subtropical Front and as its southern boundary the South Subtropical Front. These two fronts merge into a single Subtropical Front south of Australia. Another subtropical-type front is the Agulhas Fr ...
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN TRAINING ON VULNERABILITY
... for coastal and marine protected areas (MPAs) in the WIO region. The priorities that emerged at the Climate Change Workshop for Coastal and Marine Protected Areas included: Understanding climate change – Effectively responding to climate change in marine and coastal areas in the WIO region will nece ...
... for coastal and marine protected areas (MPAs) in the WIO region. The priorities that emerged at the Climate Change Workshop for Coastal and Marine Protected Areas included: Understanding climate change – Effectively responding to climate change in marine and coastal areas in the WIO region will nece ...
"migration with dignity": towards a new zealand response to climate
... lead to the displacement of millions of people.3 In fact, this has already begun. In 2012, an estimated 32.4 million people were displaced by natural disasters – 98 per cent of which were climate and weather related events.4 Habitation in many parts of the world is becoming increasingly challenging. ...
... lead to the displacement of millions of people.3 In fact, this has already begun. In 2012, an estimated 32.4 million people were displaced by natural disasters – 98 per cent of which were climate and weather related events.4 Habitation in many parts of the world is becoming increasingly challenging. ...
The Construction of Global Warming and the Politics of Science
... the World Meteorological Organization’s 1985 Villach conference, at which years of previous scientific research and technical debate crystallized into one of the first widely publicized warnings about an anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse effect due to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ...
... the World Meteorological Organization’s 1985 Villach conference, at which years of previous scientific research and technical debate crystallized into one of the first widely publicized warnings about an anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse effect due to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ...
Pedro DiNezio: Climate Response of the Equatorial Pacific to Global
... the weakening of the atmospheric circulation (Vecchi and Soden 2007a; Meehl et al. 2007), reducing ocean dynamical cooling in the east Pacific, which, along with and other atmospheric feedbacks (Knutson and Manabe 1995; Meehl and Washington 1996), would result in a larger SST response in the east. H ...
... the weakening of the atmospheric circulation (Vecchi and Soden 2007a; Meehl et al. 2007), reducing ocean dynamical cooling in the east Pacific, which, along with and other atmospheric feedbacks (Knutson and Manabe 1995; Meehl and Washington 1996), would result in a larger SST response in the east. H ...
Overpeck and Cole, 2006
... ■ Abstract Many aspects of Earth’s climate system have changed abruptly in the past and are likely to change abruptly in the future. Although abrupt shifts in temperature are most dramatic in glacial climates, abrupt changes, resulting in an altered probability of drought, large floods, tropical sto ...
... ■ Abstract Many aspects of Earth’s climate system have changed abruptly in the past and are likely to change abruptly in the future. Although abrupt shifts in temperature are most dramatic in glacial climates, abrupt changes, resulting in an altered probability of drought, large floods, tropical sto ...
Science or Spin? Assessing the Accuracy of Cable News Coverage
... global temperatures have “stalled for 15 or 16 years,” and referred to climate science as “an embarrassment.” Global warming does, in fact, continue, but opponents of climate policy often selectively cite short-term trends in global surfacetemperature records to present a misleading narrative that i ...
... global temperatures have “stalled for 15 or 16 years,” and referred to climate science as “an embarrassment.” Global warming does, in fact, continue, but opponents of climate policy often selectively cite short-term trends in global surfacetemperature records to present a misleading narrative that i ...
The Economic Climate: Establishing Expert Consensus on the
... than the scientific consensus. He argues that by presenting these opinions in the form of a “sophisticated” model, modelers dishonestly represent IAMs as current scientific consensus, instead of as a black box that transforms the modeler’s assumptions into policy recommendations and SCC estimates. ...
... than the scientific consensus. He argues that by presenting these opinions in the form of a “sophisticated” model, modelers dishonestly represent IAMs as current scientific consensus, instead of as a black box that transforms the modeler’s assumptions into policy recommendations and SCC estimates. ...
2 Echoes of 1983 `Weather Alert` report
... development, DRR and climate change adaptation, and therefore to more accurately assess the financial costs climate change will impose. Fundamentally, the world has an immediate responsibility to stem the increase in climate-related hazards. Above all, that means tackling climate change by drastica ...
... development, DRR and climate change adaptation, and therefore to more accurately assess the financial costs climate change will impose. Fundamentally, the world has an immediate responsibility to stem the increase in climate-related hazards. Above all, that means tackling climate change by drastica ...
Projected ocean warming creates a conservation challenge for river
... across species as well as within species according to region, subpopulation, and life stage (Rijnsdorp et al., 2009; Petitgas et al., 2012). Population-level responses to climate change are inherently complex for species with multiple life stages that utilize a range of habitats. Thus, each life sta ...
... across species as well as within species according to region, subpopulation, and life stage (Rijnsdorp et al., 2009; Petitgas et al., 2012). Population-level responses to climate change are inherently complex for species with multiple life stages that utilize a range of habitats. Thus, each life sta ...
The Perspectives of Climate Scientists on Global Climate Change
... One reason so few scientists trust computer models is because the data fed into them is often incomplete, contaminated, and not subject to peer review. Even scientists who rely on computer models and endorse their output admit to “tweaking” the models to produce results in Climate models accurately ...
... One reason so few scientists trust computer models is because the data fed into them is often incomplete, contaminated, and not subject to peer review. Even scientists who rely on computer models and endorse their output admit to “tweaking” the models to produce results in Climate models accurately ...
Sensitivity of Amazon Regional Climate to Deforestation
... interest once that the Amazon is home to more than 40 million people, which, despite intense urbanization, still live and depend on the region’s natural resources. Presently, the best way to understand the complex nature of land surface-atmosphere interactions and their impact on rainfall is through ...
... interest once that the Amazon is home to more than 40 million people, which, despite intense urbanization, still live and depend on the region’s natural resources. Presently, the best way to understand the complex nature of land surface-atmosphere interactions and their impact on rainfall is through ...
A comparison of structural and behavioural adaptations to future
... Due to the nature of the models used to produce climate change projections there is a level of uncertainty in the possible levels of future climate change. In the UK this uncertainty has been represented in the latest set of future climate projections UKCP09 [13] released by the UK Climate Impacts ...
... Due to the nature of the models used to produce climate change projections there is a level of uncertainty in the possible levels of future climate change. In the UK this uncertainty has been represented in the latest set of future climate projections UKCP09 [13] released by the UK Climate Impacts ...
Barriers to Municipal Climate Adaptation: Examples From Coastal
... 2013; Zimmerman & Faris, 2011). For example, communities can prevent development in vulnerable locations, use structures and materials able to withstand storm events at future projected intensities, and increase provisions for onsite water retention in regions where rainfall patterns are likely to b ...
... 2013; Zimmerman & Faris, 2011). For example, communities can prevent development in vulnerable locations, use structures and materials able to withstand storm events at future projected intensities, and increase provisions for onsite water retention in regions where rainfall patterns are likely to b ...
100568 - Climate Change Adaptation NEW CS3.indd
... guidelines, the actions for which are defined in this document. A key aspect of this will be the development of a comprehensive assessment of climate threats and opportunities across the council and partners’ operations for specific periods in the future, identifying priority risks and adaptation op ...
... guidelines, the actions for which are defined in this document. A key aspect of this will be the development of a comprehensive assessment of climate threats and opportunities across the council and partners’ operations for specific periods in the future, identifying priority risks and adaptation op ...
How does climate change alter agricultural strategies to - PIM
... has direct effects on the timing and duration of crop growing seasons, with concomitant impacts on plant growth. Rainfall variability is expected to increase in the future, and floods and droughts will become more common. Changes in temperature and rainfall regime may have considerable impacts on ag ...
... has direct effects on the timing and duration of crop growing seasons, with concomitant impacts on plant growth. Rainfall variability is expected to increase in the future, and floods and droughts will become more common. Changes in temperature and rainfall regime may have considerable impacts on ag ...
Climate Change in Nuiqsut, Alaska
... regional experts. The team included Heather Dingman from North Slope Borough and Jake Bell and Mike Brubaker from ANTHC. Site visits were performed in Nuiqsut in June 2013 and in April 2014. The survey and report preparation was based on guidance from the village council, city council and the projec ...
... regional experts. The team included Heather Dingman from North Slope Borough and Jake Bell and Mike Brubaker from ANTHC. Site visits were performed in Nuiqsut in June 2013 and in April 2014. The survey and report preparation was based on guidance from the village council, city council and the projec ...
Technological Challenges Nigeria
... already receding. Given the sensitive nature of the forest ecosystems, forest resources have become highly vulnerable to even slight changes in climate systems. Changes in temperature, precipitation and water cycle dynamics, therefore, can lead to remarkable forest-cover loss in Enugu State and beyo ...
... already receding. Given the sensitive nature of the forest ecosystems, forest resources have become highly vulnerable to even slight changes in climate systems. Changes in temperature, precipitation and water cycle dynamics, therefore, can lead to remarkable forest-cover loss in Enugu State and beyo ...
Evaluation, characterization, and communication of uncertainty by
... distributions, even in the many cases where the literature describes such outcomes only as “not implausible”; but it must be recognized that this puts an extra burden on IPCC authors. They must attempt to view the world through the prism of decision makers, taking into consideration at least the bro ...
... distributions, even in the many cases where the literature describes such outcomes only as “not implausible”; but it must be recognized that this puts an extra burden on IPCC authors. They must attempt to view the world through the prism of decision makers, taking into consideration at least the bro ...
The importance of glacier and forest change in hydrological climate
... components of a catchment, due to strong interactions between soils, vegetation and the atmosphere. Therefore, hydrological climate impact studies should also integrate scenarios of associated land cover change. To reflect two severe climate-induced changes in land cover, we applied scenarios of gla ...
... components of a catchment, due to strong interactions between soils, vegetation and the atmosphere. Therefore, hydrological climate impact studies should also integrate scenarios of associated land cover change. To reflect two severe climate-induced changes in land cover, we applied scenarios of gla ...
Summer Season Water Temperature Modeling under the Climate
... increases that could potentially be induced because of climate change could be a critical issue of aquatic species [15–19]. For instance, results of Bouck et al. [14] indicate that sustained water temperature over 24.0 ◦ C can be lethal for certain species of salmonids. A number of studies have been ...
... increases that could potentially be induced because of climate change could be a critical issue of aquatic species [15–19]. For instance, results of Bouck et al. [14] indicate that sustained water temperature over 24.0 ◦ C can be lethal for certain species of salmonids. A number of studies have been ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.