Hydrology - Tufts University School of Engineering
... to the atmosphere remain unabated, its concentration in the atmosphere could nearly double from the pre-Industrial level of 280 ppmv by the year 2100 or thereabouts. CO2 is an important byproduct of human activities. It currently contributes approximately 50 W m -2 of the total 153 W m -2 of greenho ...
... to the atmosphere remain unabated, its concentration in the atmosphere could nearly double from the pre-Industrial level of 280 ppmv by the year 2100 or thereabouts. CO2 is an important byproduct of human activities. It currently contributes approximately 50 W m -2 of the total 153 W m -2 of greenho ...
from boom to bust? climate risk in the golden state
... to the fertile Central Valley, and from the Mojave Desert ...
... to the fertile Central Valley, and from the Mojave Desert ...
Reef-Guardians-2016-Year-10-Climate-change
... reefs around the world are ‘in crisis’. At least nine mass bleaching events have affected the world’s reefs since 1979. The Great Barrier Reef was most severely affected by the 1998 and 2002 mass coral bleaching events, but was also affected by bleaching in 2006. Projections of future water temperat ...
... reefs around the world are ‘in crisis’. At least nine mass bleaching events have affected the world’s reefs since 1979. The Great Barrier Reef was most severely affected by the 1998 and 2002 mass coral bleaching events, but was also affected by bleaching in 2006. Projections of future water temperat ...
Equilibrium Response of an Atmosphere–Mixed Layer Ocean Model
... climate has been a focus of many climate change studies. While CO2 is the most important radiative forcing agent between the preindustrial period and the present day, contributions of other forcing agents are not negligible (e.g., Charlson et al. 1992; Haywood and Boucher 2000; Solomon et al. 2007; ...
... climate has been a focus of many climate change studies. While CO2 is the most important radiative forcing agent between the preindustrial period and the present day, contributions of other forcing agents are not negligible (e.g., Charlson et al. 1992; Haywood and Boucher 2000; Solomon et al. 2007; ...
Adaption to climate-related changes in seagrass ecosystems in
... facing the ecosystems they depend on, and whether they are taking adaptive action on a local level. Seagrass ecosystems are affected by both human and climate drivers, and their interaction is complex and differs around the globe. Some changes seen in these systems can be attributed to climate effec ...
... facing the ecosystems they depend on, and whether they are taking adaptive action on a local level. Seagrass ecosystems are affected by both human and climate drivers, and their interaction is complex and differs around the globe. Some changes seen in these systems can be attributed to climate effec ...
How much do precipitation extremes change in a warming
... period of data) for one degree increase in global temperature (DT). Yellow bars denote the DP/DT values derived from the GPCP pentad data in 1979–2007. Brown bars are the DP/DT values derived from an ensemble of 14 climate models as reported by Sun et al. [2007]. Green and red bars are those from NC ...
... period of data) for one degree increase in global temperature (DT). Yellow bars denote the DP/DT values derived from the GPCP pentad data in 1979–2007. Brown bars are the DP/DT values derived from an ensemble of 14 climate models as reported by Sun et al. [2007]. Green and red bars are those from NC ...
LINKS BETWEEN RELIGION, EVOLUTION, AND CLIMATE
... discovery, how likely are you to read the full story?” The four potential responses ranged from “Not at all likely” to “Very likely.” The second item asked, “As far as the people running these institutions are concerned, how much confidence do you have in? The scientific community.” Possible respons ...
... discovery, how likely are you to read the full story?” The four potential responses ranged from “Not at all likely” to “Very likely.” The second item asked, “As far as the people running these institutions are concerned, how much confidence do you have in? The scientific community.” Possible respons ...
Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict
... food and fish stocks, increased flooding, and prolonged droughts are already happening in many parts of the world. In 2010 the UN’s Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has calculated that drought affected more than one hundred million people, and more than 38 million others we ...
... food and fish stocks, increased flooding, and prolonged droughts are already happening in many parts of the world. In 2010 the UN’s Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has calculated that drought affected more than one hundred million people, and more than 38 million others we ...
Asia - IPCC
... will inundate low-lying areas and will especially affect rice growing regions. Many potential adaptation strategies are being practiced and proposed but research studies on their effectiveness are still few. Terrestrial systems in many parts of Asia have responded to recent climate change with shift ...
... will inundate low-lying areas and will especially affect rice growing regions. Many potential adaptation strategies are being practiced and proposed but research studies on their effectiveness are still few. Terrestrial systems in many parts of Asia have responded to recent climate change with shift ...
Cognitive and Behavioral Challenges in Responding to Climate Change P R
... two opposite poles of this spectrum. Indigenous communities in the Arctic are an example of a group on the front lines of experiencing direct impacts from climate change (IPCC 2007, Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2004, Trainor, et al. 2008). This is so because of their location in the Arctic where ...
... two opposite poles of this spectrum. Indigenous communities in the Arctic are an example of a group on the front lines of experiencing direct impacts from climate change (IPCC 2007, Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2004, Trainor, et al. 2008). This is so because of their location in the Arctic where ...
Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere
... predicted by the CCMVal models, and is thus necessarily different from experiment to experiment. Arguably the most compelling model support for a causal link between the ozone hole and surface climate is derived from experiments in which only concentrations of (1) stratospheric ozone or (2) ozone-de ...
... predicted by the CCMVal models, and is thus necessarily different from experiment to experiment. Arguably the most compelling model support for a causal link between the ozone hole and surface climate is derived from experiments in which only concentrations of (1) stratospheric ozone or (2) ozone-de ...
Student Sheet 1.2: Where on Earth?
... Background: The most dangerous part of a hurricane is the storm surge that forms on the water of the ocean or other body of water, such as a nearby lake. Low air pressure at the center of the hurricane draws water up into a hill that is higher than sea level, and hurricane winds push the hill of wat ...
... Background: The most dangerous part of a hurricane is the storm surge that forms on the water of the ocean or other body of water, such as a nearby lake. Low air pressure at the center of the hurricane draws water up into a hill that is higher than sea level, and hurricane winds push the hill of wat ...
Risk-based assessment of climate change impacts
... parameters at different locations vary. Projections from climate model outputs use assumptions about future anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to estimate the anthropogenicallyinfluenced climate projections. In the Pacific LAB, observed high variability of natural physical climate drivers is lar ...
... parameters at different locations vary. Projections from climate model outputs use assumptions about future anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to estimate the anthropogenicallyinfluenced climate projections. In the Pacific LAB, observed high variability of natural physical climate drivers is lar ...
The Psychological Distance of Climate Change
... is also uncertainty over scepticism, for example, perceived agreement amongst scientists, and scepticism over uncertainty, for example, perceptions of what is knowable about the future. Here, we will attempt to be more specific with the terminology used. Survey evidence indicates that whilst signifi ...
... is also uncertainty over scepticism, for example, perceived agreement amongst scientists, and scepticism over uncertainty, for example, perceptions of what is knowable about the future. Here, we will attempt to be more specific with the terminology used. Survey evidence indicates that whilst signifi ...
Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate
... Because the impacts of climate change on tourism operations and destinations are closely entwined with tourist behaviour, four major types of climate change impacts on tourism demand can be distinguished: direct impacts of a changed climate; indirect impacts of environmental change; mitigation polic ...
... Because the impacts of climate change on tourism operations and destinations are closely entwined with tourist behaviour, four major types of climate change impacts on tourism demand can be distinguished: direct impacts of a changed climate; indirect impacts of environmental change; mitigation polic ...
Climate change - The Open University
... 1.2.2 Bringing in the atmosphere: the natural greenhouse effect As a dam built across a river causes a local deepening of the stream, so our atmosphere, thrown as a barrier across the terrestrial rays, produces a local heightening of the temperature at the Earth's surface. (Tyndall, 1862, quoted in ...
... 1.2.2 Bringing in the atmosphere: the natural greenhouse effect As a dam built across a river causes a local deepening of the stream, so our atmosphere, thrown as a barrier across the terrestrial rays, produces a local heightening of the temperature at the Earth's surface. (Tyndall, 1862, quoted in ...
weather and climate: engaging youth
... for many organisms with calcium carbonate skeletons or shells (such as oysters, mussels, corals and some planktonic species) but could also impact many other organisms, ecosystems and processes with potentially serious implications for society. The average acidity of the upper ocean has already decl ...
... for many organisms with calcium carbonate skeletons or shells (such as oysters, mussels, corals and some planktonic species) but could also impact many other organisms, ecosystems and processes with potentially serious implications for society. The average acidity of the upper ocean has already decl ...
Socio-structural and psychological foundations of climate change
... Using a national probability sample of over 6,000 New Zealanders, this study examines socio-structural and psychological variables underpinning core climate change beliefs—“climate change is real” and “climate change is caused by humans”. Analyses focused on four belief profiles: those who believe i ...
... Using a national probability sample of over 6,000 New Zealanders, this study examines socio-structural and psychological variables underpinning core climate change beliefs—“climate change is real” and “climate change is caused by humans”. Analyses focused on four belief profiles: those who believe i ...
Global Warming Answers - smallworldbigthoughts-eub-geo
... few hundred years it was warmer than it is now, neither the Maldive atolls nor the Pacific archipelagos were flooded. Global oceanic levels have been rising for some hundreds or thousands of years (the causes of this phenomenon are not clear). In the last 100 years, this increase amounted to 10 cm t ...
... few hundred years it was warmer than it is now, neither the Maldive atolls nor the Pacific archipelagos were flooded. Global oceanic levels have been rising for some hundreds or thousands of years (the causes of this phenomenon are not clear). In the last 100 years, this increase amounted to 10 cm t ...
Global Warming Index - Debate Central
... These figures amply illustrate how Western Europe and the United States are by far largely responsible for the effects of global warming we are seeing today. Contrastingly the regions least responsible are the ones that will bear the brunt of those effects (initially at any rate, until such time tha ...
... These figures amply illustrate how Western Europe and the United States are by far largely responsible for the effects of global warming we are seeing today. Contrastingly the regions least responsible are the ones that will bear the brunt of those effects (initially at any rate, until such time tha ...
36 - Ecology and Society
... Ims 6 and Paul Eric Aspholm 14 ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in ...
... Ims 6 and Paul Eric Aspholm 14 ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in ...
Effects of sea surface warming on marine plankton
... 2012). While the exact magnitude of past and possible future phytoplankton declines is uncertain, there is broad agreement across these studies that marine phytoplankton biomass declines constitute a major component of global change in the oceans. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that changes in p ...
... 2012). While the exact magnitude of past and possible future phytoplankton declines is uncertain, there is broad agreement across these studies that marine phytoplankton biomass declines constitute a major component of global change in the oceans. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that changes in p ...
Future changes in the supply of goods and services - Munin
... Ims 6 and Paul Eric Aspholm 14 ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in ...
... Ims 6 and Paul Eric Aspholm 14 ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in ...
El Niño Southern Oscillation
... Based on the suite of IPCC AR4 model simulations forced with projected increases in greenhouse gases, the multi-model mean represents an overall weak shift in the background state towards future climate conditions which have been described as ‘El Niño-like’. While there is 80% consensus across the A ...
... Based on the suite of IPCC AR4 model simulations forced with projected increases in greenhouse gases, the multi-model mean represents an overall weak shift in the background state towards future climate conditions which have been described as ‘El Niño-like’. While there is 80% consensus across the A ...
Climate projections FAQ - Eastern Forest Environmental Threat
... and consistency of agency investments while enhancing opportunities for long-term partnerships with research institutions, other agencies, and contractors. (back) 2. How might climate change projections be used in management, decision-making, and planning processes? Many management decisions in t ...
... and consistency of agency investments while enhancing opportunities for long-term partnerships with research institutions, other agencies, and contractors. (back) 2. How might climate change projections be used in management, decision-making, and planning processes? Many management decisions in t ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.