El Niño Southern Oscillation
... Based on the suite of IPCC AR4 model simulations forced with projected increases in greenhouse gases, the multi-model mean represents an overall weak shift in the background state towards future climate conditions which have been described as ‘El Niño-like’. While there is 80% consensus across the A ...
... Based on the suite of IPCC AR4 model simulations forced with projected increases in greenhouse gases, the multi-model mean represents an overall weak shift in the background state towards future climate conditions which have been described as ‘El Niño-like’. While there is 80% consensus across the A ...
Climate projections FAQ - Eastern Forest Environmental Threat
... and consistency of agency investments while enhancing opportunities for long-term partnerships with research institutions, other agencies, and contractors. (back) 2. How might climate change projections be used in management, decision-making, and planning processes? Many management decisions in t ...
... and consistency of agency investments while enhancing opportunities for long-term partnerships with research institutions, other agencies, and contractors. (back) 2. How might climate change projections be used in management, decision-making, and planning processes? Many management decisions in t ...
Climate Change: ImplIcatIons and strategIes for the luxury fashIon
... for Luxury Fashion It is imperative that companies develop a strategic approach to tackling the challenges posed by climate change risks to their business and across their supply chains. Key to this will be outlining a clear agenda to build resilient supply chains focusing on the prioritization of a ...
... for Luxury Fashion It is imperative that companies develop a strategic approach to tackling the challenges posed by climate change risks to their business and across their supply chains. Key to this will be outlining a clear agenda to build resilient supply chains focusing on the prioritization of a ...
Projected poleward shift of king penguins
... we were more interested in the rate of warming than in its baseline level, we applied a correction factor to scale each time series to the same SST baseline (see electronic supplementary material, §S3 for correction factor calculation and table S3). The rate of warming from 2000 to 2100 was then cal ...
... we were more interested in the rate of warming than in its baseline level, we applied a correction factor to scale each time series to the same SST baseline (see electronic supplementary material, §S3 for correction factor calculation and table S3). The rate of warming from 2000 to 2100 was then cal ...
Climate Change Knows No Borders
... fisheries, these countries are also vulnerable to ocean acidification caused by rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere. Ocean acidification weakens the shells of shellfish, and bleaches the coral ecosystems that provide the habitat and food source for so many coastal fish species. It i ...
... fisheries, these countries are also vulnerable to ocean acidification caused by rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere. Ocean acidification weakens the shells of shellfish, and bleaches the coral ecosystems that provide the habitat and food source for so many coastal fish species. It i ...
Adapting to Climate Change - City of Sydney
... We have planted more than 10,250 trees to absorb pollution and reduce summer temperatures towards a target to increase the City’s urban canopy cover 50% by 2030. We are implementing an Urban Ecology Strategic Action Plan to conserve and maintain our biodiversity, the first green roofs and walls poli ...
... We have planted more than 10,250 trees to absorb pollution and reduce summer temperatures towards a target to increase the City’s urban canopy cover 50% by 2030. We are implementing an Urban Ecology Strategic Action Plan to conserve and maintain our biodiversity, the first green roofs and walls poli ...
Rainfall in Australia`s eastern seaboard: a review of confidence in
... The central eastern seaboard region encompasses river basins that drain eastward into the Pacific Ocean, including a number of important headwater catchments for a high proportion of Australia’s population in the states of Queensland (QLD) and NSW. The climate of the region is primarily subtropical, ...
... The central eastern seaboard region encompasses river basins that drain eastward into the Pacific Ocean, including a number of important headwater catchments for a high proportion of Australia’s population in the states of Queensland (QLD) and NSW. The climate of the region is primarily subtropical, ...
a post-IPCC AR4 update on sea- level rise
... sea-level rise means that the present one-in-a-hundred-year event could potentially occur more than once a year by 2100. ...
... sea-level rise means that the present one-in-a-hundred-year event could potentially occur more than once a year by 2100. ...
here - AWRA Colorado Section
... One could construct a PDF for each model run But collapsing the ensemble of runs into a single distribution is fraught with danger ...
... One could construct a PDF for each model run But collapsing the ensemble of runs into a single distribution is fraught with danger ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in Management of Prairie Grasslands
... structure, functions, and feedbacks. Resilience has been related to state-and-transition models, in which an area of rangeland may have multiple stable states, with transitions between them caused by disturbance or management (Briske et al. 2005). Resilience is considered to be the amount of disturb ...
... structure, functions, and feedbacks. Resilience has been related to state-and-transition models, in which an area of rangeland may have multiple stable states, with transitions between them caused by disturbance or management (Briske et al. 2005). Resilience is considered to be the amount of disturb ...
- Adaptation Learning Mechanism
... have the lowest incomes and depend on income from relatives or small income generating activities. In floods, the poor are usually displaced due to the temporary nature of their homes. They are also more susceptible to water borne diseases, since they rely on untreated water, which could get contami ...
... have the lowest incomes and depend on income from relatives or small income generating activities. In floods, the poor are usually displaced due to the temporary nature of their homes. They are also more susceptible to water borne diseases, since they rely on untreated water, which could get contami ...
ICPDR Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change
... the centre of the expected changes. Due to the fact that water is ...
... the centre of the expected changes. Due to the fact that water is ...
Impacts of climate change on vegetation distribution. No. 1
... Science on Europe and boreal Eurasia and give an overview of observed and predicted changes in vegetation in these regions. The main trends include advance of the tree line, reduction of the alpine vegetation belt, drought risk, forest diebacks, a shift from coniferous forests to deciduous forests a ...
... Science on Europe and boreal Eurasia and give an overview of observed and predicted changes in vegetation in these regions. The main trends include advance of the tree line, reduction of the alpine vegetation belt, drought risk, forest diebacks, a shift from coniferous forests to deciduous forests a ...
ALBEDO ENHANCEMENT BY STRATOSPHERIC SULFUR
... Since it is likely that the greenhouse warming is substantially negated by the cooling effect of anthropogenic aerosol in the troposphere, by 25–65% according to an estimate by Crutzen and Ramanathan (2003), but possibly greater (Anderson et al., 2003a,b), air pollution regulations, in combination w ...
... Since it is likely that the greenhouse warming is substantially negated by the cooling effect of anthropogenic aerosol in the troposphere, by 25–65% according to an estimate by Crutzen and Ramanathan (2003), but possibly greater (Anderson et al., 2003a,b), air pollution regulations, in combination w ...
Arctic
... mixes in the lower stratosphere. Model simulations suggest that warming over Northern Hemisphere continents could delay arctic ozone recovery (Shindell, 2003), thus posing a longer term threat of ecosystem damage due to increased UV radiation. ...
... mixes in the lower stratosphere. Model simulations suggest that warming over Northern Hemisphere continents could delay arctic ozone recovery (Shindell, 2003), thus posing a longer term threat of ecosystem damage due to increased UV radiation. ...
A conceptual framework for monitoring climate effects and feedback
... The ecosystem programmes Zackenberg Basic and Nuuk Basic each consist of four basis monitoring programmes related to the different physical and biological compartments representative of the ecosystem: ClimateBasis, GeoBasis, BioBasis and MarineBasis (Rasch et al. 2003), each focusing on providing ...
... The ecosystem programmes Zackenberg Basic and Nuuk Basic each consist of four basis monitoring programmes related to the different physical and biological compartments representative of the ecosystem: ClimateBasis, GeoBasis, BioBasis and MarineBasis (Rasch et al. 2003), each focusing on providing ...
Garamvölgyi - Climate change - Applied Ecology and Environmental
... Science on Europe and boreal Eurasia and give an overview of observed and predicted changes in vegetation in these regions. The main trends include advance of the tree line, reduction of the alpine vegetation belt, drought risk, forest diebacks, a shift from coniferous forests to deciduous forests a ...
... Science on Europe and boreal Eurasia and give an overview of observed and predicted changes in vegetation in these regions. The main trends include advance of the tree line, reduction of the alpine vegetation belt, drought risk, forest diebacks, a shift from coniferous forests to deciduous forests a ...
vsi09 cc Anthoff 10154597 en
... decision maker. It seems that the Stern Review‟s calculation of welfare measures is based on globally averaged per capita income and total population figures2. The Stern Review suggests that a more appropriate aggregation would take up regional data when deriving the welfare measure. Due to time con ...
... decision maker. It seems that the Stern Review‟s calculation of welfare measures is based on globally averaged per capita income and total population figures2. The Stern Review suggests that a more appropriate aggregation would take up regional data when deriving the welfare measure. Due to time con ...
Feedbacks and mechanisms affecting the global
... 21st century. The latter also reflects the result that over long timescales, there was no simple relation between rates of glacier-mass loss and temperature change during the 20th century (Leclercq et al., 2011; Marzeion et al., 2012). There are a number of assessments that explain some of the mecha ...
... 21st century. The latter also reflects the result that over long timescales, there was no simple relation between rates of glacier-mass loss and temperature change during the 20th century (Leclercq et al., 2011; Marzeion et al., 2012). There are a number of assessments that explain some of the mecha ...
Local Strategies for Addressing Climate Change Vol 2
... Coastal resource managers are on the front lines of climate change. Flooding and erosion from rising sea levels, more intense wind and waves from coastal storms, worsening water quality—many impacts of climate change will be felt in coastal areas first. In fact, many coastal areas are already seeing ...
... Coastal resource managers are on the front lines of climate change. Flooding and erosion from rising sea levels, more intense wind and waves from coastal storms, worsening water quality—many impacts of climate change will be felt in coastal areas first. In fact, many coastal areas are already seeing ...
Land use planning tools for local adaptation to climate change
... and includes public consultations as well as reviews by local advisory committees and provincial and other authorities. After the plan is finalized, the local council adopts it formally by enacting a bylaw. Provincial approval may be required as well. Also entitled general, community or master plans ...
... and includes public consultations as well as reviews by local advisory committees and provincial and other authorities. After the plan is finalized, the local council adopts it formally by enacting a bylaw. Provincial approval may be required as well. Also entitled general, community or master plans ...
Climate change in size-structured ecosystems
... [27,41] suggest that future networks may be characterized by smaller species with less links, more intra-guild predation and lower trophic levels (figure 4b). These network modifications may have severe implications, as top-down control should be weakened by intraguild predation, which may negativel ...
... [27,41] suggest that future networks may be characterized by smaller species with less links, more intra-guild predation and lower trophic levels (figure 4b). These network modifications may have severe implications, as top-down control should be weakened by intraguild predation, which may negativel ...
Boreal Forest and Climate Change
... no later than 2015 and must be reduced 50-85 per cent by 2050. However, with current climate change mitigation policies, greenhouse gas emissions will continue to grow over the next few decades.18 In fact, global CO2 emissions are presently increasing at a rate exceeding those in IPCC’s highest emis ...
... no later than 2015 and must be reduced 50-85 per cent by 2050. However, with current climate change mitigation policies, greenhouse gas emissions will continue to grow over the next few decades.18 In fact, global CO2 emissions are presently increasing at a rate exceeding those in IPCC’s highest emis ...
Assessing Current Climate Risks
... tem, climate drivers may include accumulated rainfall and evaporation, if supply is being addressed, or rainfall intensity and duration, if flooding is being addressed. On a coastline, climate variables contributing to storm surge, tidal regimes and sea level anomalies may be linked to thresholds re ...
... tem, climate drivers may include accumulated rainfall and evaporation, if supply is being addressed, or rainfall intensity and duration, if flooding is being addressed. On a coastline, climate variables contributing to storm surge, tidal regimes and sea level anomalies may be linked to thresholds re ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.