Death by Degrees: North Carolina
... —GEORGE SOMERO, PROFESSOR OF MARINE SCIENCE, STANFORD UNIVERSITY ...
... —GEORGE SOMERO, PROFESSOR OF MARINE SCIENCE, STANFORD UNIVERSITY ...
Strengthening Sovereignty
... change has a strategic dimension. The effects of climate change will be felt globally, across all elements of society—social, political, and economic—and will last indefinitely. In combination with resource scarcity and environmental degradation, climate change must be examined closely for its affec ...
... change has a strategic dimension. The effects of climate change will be felt globally, across all elements of society—social, political, and economic—and will last indefinitely. In combination with resource scarcity and environmental degradation, climate change must be examined closely for its affec ...
Challenges of a Sustained Climate Observing System
... significant progress has been made, much more remains to be done before a fully functional and dependable climate observing system exists. Observations are needed on spatial scales from local to global, and all time scales, especially to understand and document changes in extreme events. Climate cha ...
... significant progress has been made, much more remains to be done before a fully functional and dependable climate observing system exists. Observations are needed on spatial scales from local to global, and all time scales, especially to understand and document changes in extreme events. Climate cha ...
Livelihoods and Climate Change - International Institute for
... While government representatives negotiate international policy frameworks to limit greenhouse gas emissions, and researchers continue to debate the science and impacts of climate change, climate-induced changes to physical and biological systems are already being detected. Retreating glaciers, long ...
... While government representatives negotiate international policy frameworks to limit greenhouse gas emissions, and researchers continue to debate the science and impacts of climate change, climate-induced changes to physical and biological systems are already being detected. Retreating glaciers, long ...
2012 Gulf Coast Climate Change Survey
... (increasing insurance rates in high-risk areas), and only one additional measure (incentives to relocate from high-risk areas) failed to get more than 70-percent support. Moreover, more than half of respondents report having taken steps to protect their homes against environmental hazards. Noticing ...
... (increasing insurance rates in high-risk areas), and only one additional measure (incentives to relocate from high-risk areas) failed to get more than 70-percent support. Moreover, more than half of respondents report having taken steps to protect their homes against environmental hazards. Noticing ...
Potential impacts of global climate change on freshwater fisheries
... gas concentrations. The concentrations of greenhouse gases like CO2, NO2, and CH4 remained more or less stable in the tens of thousands of years preceding the industrial revolution. However, once fossil fuel combustion increased, concentrations of these gases began to rise. For example, the concentr ...
... gas concentrations. The concentrations of greenhouse gases like CO2, NO2, and CH4 remained more or less stable in the tens of thousands of years preceding the industrial revolution. However, once fossil fuel combustion increased, concentrations of these gases began to rise. For example, the concentr ...
STRIVE An Assessment of Uncertainties Report Series No.48
... of projected temperature changes between GCMs; for ...
... of projected temperature changes between GCMs; for ...
Vulnerability Assessment of the North East Atlantic Shelf Marine
... species and hazardous substances. In addition to addressing climate change per se, WWF considers it necessary to better understand climate change in order to devise comprehensive and robust work plans in its conservation work and to attempt to support the entire marine ecosystem by building resistan ...
... species and hazardous substances. In addition to addressing climate change per se, WWF considers it necessary to better understand climate change in order to devise comprehensive and robust work plans in its conservation work and to attempt to support the entire marine ecosystem by building resistan ...
Conserving Freshwater and Coastal Resources in a Changing Climate
... and governments have engaged in international negotiations and action plans to reduce the sources of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, significant effort remains before this global phenomenon is controlled and mitigated. The persistence of previously emitted gases and uncertainties ...
... and governments have engaged in international negotiations and action plans to reduce the sources of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, significant effort remains before this global phenomenon is controlled and mitigated. The persistence of previously emitted gases and uncertainties ...
Between Consensus and Denial: Climate Journalists - IPMZ
... as well as due to trickle-down effects between prolific and occasional climate writers, we expect an interpretive community among climate journalists which is built around the main propositions of the IPCC. We will refer to this as the IPCC consensus – knowing that in science there will never be a f ...
... as well as due to trickle-down effects between prolific and occasional climate writers, we expect an interpretive community among climate journalists which is built around the main propositions of the IPCC. We will refer to this as the IPCC consensus – knowing that in science there will never be a f ...
Discussion Paper - LEDS Global Partnership
... – including tourism, agriculture and forestry, all of which contribute to the overall national economy and will be affected differently by climate change. Different types of both climate and socio-economic data are needed to assess the added risks of climate change to these economic sectors and soci ...
... – including tourism, agriculture and forestry, all of which contribute to the overall national economy and will be affected differently by climate change. Different types of both climate and socio-economic data are needed to assess the added risks of climate change to these economic sectors and soci ...
The costs of adaptation: Working Paper 7 (260 kB) (opens in new window)
... 3. First generation global estimates Interest in global adaptation cost estimates increased sharply a few years ago when it became clear that a certain amount of climate change, and therefore adaptation, was unavoidable and international support for adaptation became a key aspect of the new global d ...
... 3. First generation global estimates Interest in global adaptation cost estimates increased sharply a few years ago when it became clear that a certain amount of climate change, and therefore adaptation, was unavoidable and international support for adaptation became a key aspect of the new global d ...
Ethnographic Perspectives on Resilience To Climate Variability in
... change. This is recognised by both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It is well established that island communities are extremely vulnerable to extreme events such as droughts, cyclones, floods and storm surge ...
... change. This is recognised by both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It is well established that island communities are extremely vulnerable to extreme events such as droughts, cyclones, floods and storm surge ...
Expert meeting on assessing the risk of loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change (opens in new window)
... The analysis concludes that complex systems, such as communities, societies or social-ecological systems, involve multiple facets (physical, social, cultural, economic, institutional and environmental) which require a holistic perspective. Integrating various socio-economic and environmental factors ...
... The analysis concludes that complex systems, such as communities, societies or social-ecological systems, involve multiple facets (physical, social, cultural, economic, institutional and environmental) which require a holistic perspective. Integrating various socio-economic and environmental factors ...
Project Concept and PDF-B Document
... arid eastern and northern regions of Kenya. Furthermore, in conjunction with the warming trend an increased likelihood of intense precipitation events associated with floods has to be considered. There is also increasing scientific evidence that climate change will alter the magnitude and frequency ...
... arid eastern and northern regions of Kenya. Furthermore, in conjunction with the warming trend an increased likelihood of intense precipitation events associated with floods has to be considered. There is also increasing scientific evidence that climate change will alter the magnitude and frequency ...
The Politicization of Climate Change and Polarization in the American
... data from nationally representative samples allows us to determine the generalizability of these observed patterns. Widespread evidence of such moderating effects challenge the conventional wisdom, embodied in Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth, that simply informing citizens about climate change will ...
... data from nationally representative samples allows us to determine the generalizability of these observed patterns. Widespread evidence of such moderating effects challenge the conventional wisdom, embodied in Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth, that simply informing citizens about climate change will ...
Smith et al. 2008
... of 100 yr. After sustained cold for ∼1300 yr, there was a particularly abrupt warming with temperature increasing ∼8 °C within a decade. Climate shifts of this rapidity and magnitude clearly posed considerable environmental challenges on organisms. For these reasons, the past 10,000–20,000 yr are ar ...
... of 100 yr. After sustained cold for ∼1300 yr, there was a particularly abrupt warming with temperature increasing ∼8 °C within a decade. Climate shifts of this rapidity and magnitude clearly posed considerable environmental challenges on organisms. For these reasons, the past 10,000–20,000 yr are ar ...
Confronting Climate Change in California
... by 2100. [See The International Consensus on Climate Change, page 12.] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of more than 500 scientists who reviewed the scientific literature on climate variability and change, concluded in 1995 that warming by 2100 will range between 2° and ...
... by 2100. [See The International Consensus on Climate Change, page 12.] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of more than 500 scientists who reviewed the scientific literature on climate variability and change, concluded in 1995 that warming by 2100 will range between 2° and ...
Results Part A: amount of appearances
... climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. This usage differs from that in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), where climate change refers to a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity t ...
... climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. This usage differs from that in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), where climate change refers to a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity t ...
Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering
... greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.’’ ‘‘Dangerous anthropogenic interference’’ was not defined when the UNFCCC was signed, but following the Conference of the Parties in Copenhagen in 2009, the co ...
... greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.’’ ‘‘Dangerous anthropogenic interference’’ was not defined when the UNFCCC was signed, but following the Conference of the Parties in Copenhagen in 2009, the co ...
Incorporating climate change into systematic conservation planning
... identifying and protecting biodiversity in those areas least likely to undergo rapid climateinduced changes. Such places may serve as important climate refugia for species and habitats that become marginalized through ecological changes elsewhere. Climate refugia can exist both in places where chang ...
... identifying and protecting biodiversity in those areas least likely to undergo rapid climateinduced changes. Such places may serve as important climate refugia for species and habitats that become marginalized through ecological changes elsewhere. Climate refugia can exist both in places where chang ...
this paper
... calibration drift and sampling of ice-covered regions present major limitations. 3.5 Detection of an anthropogenic influence on climate The subsurface ocean temperature is shaped by both “external” climate forcings (e.g. changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar variations) and the inherent, unfo ...
... calibration drift and sampling of ice-covered regions present major limitations. 3.5 Detection of an anthropogenic influence on climate The subsurface ocean temperature is shaped by both “external” climate forcings (e.g. changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar variations) and the inherent, unfo ...
5. Conclusion: Political change in social
... drawing prescriptive conclusions from descriptive premises is a non sequitur: an ‘ought’ does not follow from an ‘is’ (Hume 2006 [1739]). With reference to climate change, neither the premise that warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’ (IPCC 2007b, p.5), nor that ‘[m]ost of the observed incr ...
... drawing prescriptive conclusions from descriptive premises is a non sequitur: an ‘ought’ does not follow from an ‘is’ (Hume 2006 [1739]). With reference to climate change, neither the premise that warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’ (IPCC 2007b, p.5), nor that ‘[m]ost of the observed incr ...
Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystems structure and function
... [1] Our understanding of the structure and function of China’s terrestrial ecosystems, particularly their responses to transient climate change on timescales of decades to centuries, can be further improved by dynamic vegetation models that include vegetation dynamics as well as biogeochemical proce ...
... [1] Our understanding of the structure and function of China’s terrestrial ecosystems, particularly their responses to transient climate change on timescales of decades to centuries, can be further improved by dynamic vegetation models that include vegetation dynamics as well as biogeochemical proce ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.