Quantifying the effects of climate variability and human activities on
... the step change point of the annual runoff series over the period from 1960 to 2009. Figure 3 shows the computed probability series of the step change point years. The intersection of the curves indicates that there are two step change points (in 1993 and 1995 at the 0.01 significance level) for the ...
... the step change point of the annual runoff series over the period from 1960 to 2009. Figure 3 shows the computed probability series of the step change point years. The intersection of the curves indicates that there are two step change points (in 1993 and 1995 at the 0.01 significance level) for the ...
Annex I Annex D in the Convention
... In the review of new POPs regional differences in climate change as observed and projected by IPCC should be taken into account. Climate change is predicted by the UNEP/AMAP expert group (2011) to increase the transport of POPs to the Arctic and other remote regions. Climate change is also predicted ...
... In the review of new POPs regional differences in climate change as observed and projected by IPCC should be taken into account. Climate change is predicted by the UNEP/AMAP expert group (2011) to increase the transport of POPs to the Arctic and other remote regions. Climate change is also predicted ...
Time to Evolve? Potential Evolutionary Responses of Fraser River
... on ecological or demographic mechanisms affecting species’ spatial and temporal distributions [3,4,5]; evolutionary processes are rarely considered explicitly [6]. Yet adaptive phenotypic change by means of evolution or phenotypic plasticity can be crucial for population persistence in situations wh ...
... on ecological or demographic mechanisms affecting species’ spatial and temporal distributions [3,4,5]; evolutionary processes are rarely considered explicitly [6]. Yet adaptive phenotypic change by means of evolution or phenotypic plasticity can be crucial for population persistence in situations wh ...
Stockholm University
... data and observations; observations are assimilated to prevent the model from drifting away from the real state of the atmosphere, while the model provides a global data set that includes a temporal and three-dimensionally spatial development of a multitude of variables for more than four decades. O ...
... data and observations; observations are assimilated to prevent the model from drifting away from the real state of the atmosphere, while the model provides a global data set that includes a temporal and three-dimensionally spatial development of a multitude of variables for more than four decades. O ...
Atlantic Climate Adaptation Solutions
... relocation projects in consideration of their vulnerability to impact by sea level rise and increased storm surge activity. Long-term scenarios such as the 100-year scenarios allow for the consideration of significant changes to existing land use patterns and the development of future major infrastr ...
... relocation projects in consideration of their vulnerability to impact by sea level rise and increased storm surge activity. Long-term scenarios such as the 100-year scenarios allow for the consideration of significant changes to existing land use patterns and the development of future major infrastr ...
Security implications of climate change in the Sahel region
... tensions (SICCS “A review of past security events in the Sahel 1967 – 2007”, 2010, SWAC/ OECD). Selection of events was based on geographic (affecting at least one country of the coverage are) and temporal (having taken place between 1969 and 2007) criteria. The analysis involved the disaggregation ...
... tensions (SICCS “A review of past security events in the Sahel 1967 – 2007”, 2010, SWAC/ OECD). Selection of events was based on geographic (affecting at least one country of the coverage are) and temporal (having taken place between 1969 and 2007) criteria. The analysis involved the disaggregation ...
Full-Text PDF
... to assess the adaptability and adaptations of entire California’s water supply system to dry climate warming. Madani and Lund [12] used an energy-based hydropower optimization model, avoiding the conventional modeling (simulation/optimization) methods, due to the large number of hydropower plants in ...
... to assess the adaptability and adaptations of entire California’s water supply system to dry climate warming. Madani and Lund [12] used an energy-based hydropower optimization model, avoiding the conventional modeling (simulation/optimization) methods, due to the large number of hydropower plants in ...
A Climate Risk Report - Blue Mountains City Council
... Climate change is a serious issue. It is already impacting on our built and natural environments and climate change risks are projected to intensify and increase in frequency. Current science is predicting increased global temperatures from between 1.8˚C and 6.6˚C by 2100, with current emissions pat ...
... Climate change is a serious issue. It is already impacting on our built and natural environments and climate change risks are projected to intensify and increase in frequency. Current science is predicting increased global temperatures from between 1.8˚C and 6.6˚C by 2100, with current emissions pat ...
2 20 Century Portuguese Climate and Climate Scenarios
... temperature and precipitation fields. Together with results from other models, output from that regional model in the period 2080-2100 suggest the following climate change scenario: ...
... temperature and precipitation fields. Together with results from other models, output from that regional model in the period 2080-2100 suggest the following climate change scenario: ...
Effects of climate change on an emperor penguin population
... Sea ice conditions in the Antarctic affect the life cycle of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri). We present a population projection for the emperor penguin population of Terre Adélie, Antarctica, by linking demographic models (stage-structured, seasonal, nonlinear, two-sex matrix population ...
... Sea ice conditions in the Antarctic affect the life cycle of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri). We present a population projection for the emperor penguin population of Terre Adélie, Antarctica, by linking demographic models (stage-structured, seasonal, nonlinear, two-sex matrix population ...
Climate Change and Adaptation Options in Karamoja
... Agriculture is the backbone of the Uganda’s economy and the livelihood of many people. However, most of the agriculture in Uganda depends on rainfall and therefore inherently sensitive to climate conditions. This makes agriculture one of the most vulnerable sectors to the risks and impacts of climat ...
... Agriculture is the backbone of the Uganda’s economy and the livelihood of many people. However, most of the agriculture in Uganda depends on rainfall and therefore inherently sensitive to climate conditions. This makes agriculture one of the most vulnerable sectors to the risks and impacts of climat ...
Climate Change and Alberta`s Forests
... a reduction in forest carbon sequestration, decreased nitrogen mineralization in the soil, and interactions with CO2 levels that alter the susceptibility of trees to insect and disease species. Forests are important sources of N2O where it is produced in soils as an intermediate or end product from ...
... a reduction in forest carbon sequestration, decreased nitrogen mineralization in the soil, and interactions with CO2 levels that alter the susceptibility of trees to insect and disease species. Forests are important sources of N2O where it is produced in soils as an intermediate or end product from ...
Climate and Terrestrial Ecosystem Change in the
... Figure 10. Ecological response to changing climatic conditions in the western portion of the Upper Columbia Basin following deglaciation. . ........................................................................................................15 Figure 11. Late Glacial and early Holocene vegetation ...
... Figure 10. Ecological response to changing climatic conditions in the western portion of the Upper Columbia Basin following deglaciation. . ........................................................................................................15 Figure 11. Late Glacial and early Holocene vegetation ...
M20130001_en.pdf
... temperature on record (since 1850). Land areas have heated up faster than oceans. Observations made since 1961 indicate that, on average, worldwide ocean temperatures have increased in depths down to at least 3000m because the oceans have absorbed more than 80% of the heat incorporated into the clim ...
... temperature on record (since 1850). Land areas have heated up faster than oceans. Observations made since 1961 indicate that, on average, worldwide ocean temperatures have increased in depths down to at least 3000m because the oceans have absorbed more than 80% of the heat incorporated into the clim ...
Climate Change and China`s Agricultural Sector
... trade and food self-sufficiency. The research presented here indicates that producer responses to these climateinduced shocks will lessen the impacts of climate change on agricultural production compared to the effects predicted by many natural scientists. This study projects the impacts of climate ...
... trade and food self-sufficiency. The research presented here indicates that producer responses to these climateinduced shocks will lessen the impacts of climate change on agricultural production compared to the effects predicted by many natural scientists. This study projects the impacts of climate ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PRESERVING THE OCEAN
... greenhouse gases at a level that will “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Which stabilization level for greenhouse gases would avoid dangerous interference and whether this risk justifies costly reductions in greenhouse gas emissions is controversial. The policies ...
... greenhouse gases at a level that will “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Which stabilization level for greenhouse gases would avoid dangerous interference and whether this risk justifies costly reductions in greenhouse gas emissions is controversial. The policies ...
Projections of Future Climate Change
... temperature events are largest mainly in areas where soil moisture decreases; increases in return values of daily minimum temperature especially occur over most land areas and are generally larger where snow and sea ice retreat. • Precipitation extremes increase more than does the mean and the retur ...
... temperature events are largest mainly in areas where soil moisture decreases; increases in return values of daily minimum temperature especially occur over most land areas and are generally larger where snow and sea ice retreat. • Precipitation extremes increase more than does the mean and the retur ...
Climate Change Reporting Taxonomy
... – validation rules – compatible with existent analytical solutions – transformable to and from current CDP XML format (transition period) Currently documenting several use cases BRAG ...
... – validation rules – compatible with existent analytical solutions – transformable to and from current CDP XML format (transition period) Currently documenting several use cases BRAG ...
Assessment of Climate Variability Impact on Water Resources within
... economy (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2007). The IPCC described climate change as a significant long-term shift or change in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators which usually persist for decades or even lo ...
... economy (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2007). The IPCC described climate change as a significant long-term shift or change in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators which usually persist for decades or even lo ...
Document
... – validation rules – compatible with existent analytical solutions – transformable to and from current CDP XML format (transition period) Currently documenting several use cases BRAG ...
... – validation rules – compatible with existent analytical solutions – transformable to and from current CDP XML format (transition period) Currently documenting several use cases BRAG ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability
... The challenge of agriculture in the 21st century requires a systemic integration of the environmental, social, and economic pillars of development to meet the needs of present generations without sacrificing the livelihoods of future generations. Over the next 50 years, the world population is proje ...
... The challenge of agriculture in the 21st century requires a systemic integration of the environmental, social, and economic pillars of development to meet the needs of present generations without sacrificing the livelihoods of future generations. Over the next 50 years, the world population is proje ...
Externship Report: Rwanda
... mountainous ecosystems in VNP are concerned, previous studies conducted in the Virunga Massif have shown changes in temperature, rainfall and frequency and timing of wildfires (Plumptre et al, 2010). In VNP, uncertainties remain about climatic change and ecological systems - how regional climate wil ...
... mountainous ecosystems in VNP are concerned, previous studies conducted in the Virunga Massif have shown changes in temperature, rainfall and frequency and timing of wildfires (Plumptre et al, 2010). In VNP, uncertainties remain about climatic change and ecological systems - how regional climate wil ...
Preserving the Ocean Circulation
... greenhouse gases at a level that will “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Which stabilization level for greenhouse gases would avoid dangerous interference and whether this risk justifies costly reductions in greenhouse gas emissions is controversial. The policies ...
... greenhouse gases at a level that will “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Which stabilization level for greenhouse gases would avoid dangerous interference and whether this risk justifies costly reductions in greenhouse gas emissions is controversial. The policies ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.