Attributing mortality from extreme temperatures to climate change in
... climate change not considering adaptation may not significantly overestimate mortality impacts. There was a declining trend in the RR of mortality due to both cold and hot extremes on a decadal basis from 1901 until 2009, with a levelling off during the past three decades. This decline was probably ...
... climate change not considering adaptation may not significantly overestimate mortality impacts. There was a declining trend in the RR of mortality due to both cold and hot extremes on a decadal basis from 1901 until 2009, with a levelling off during the past three decades. This decline was probably ...
SimCLIM 2013 Data Manual 1 November 2013 Prepared By:
... SimCLIM software system. Climatic data may come from miscellaneous sources and may have different characteristics: for example, spatial resolutions, data formations and time spans. According to specific cases, these data are post-processed, standardized, and then are maintained by CLIMsystems for in ...
... SimCLIM software system. Climatic data may come from miscellaneous sources and may have different characteristics: for example, spatial resolutions, data formations and time spans. According to specific cases, these data are post-processed, standardized, and then are maintained by CLIMsystems for in ...
Prospect Theory, Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change
... income country. The area is exposed to sea level rise and river floods. In the area, a settlement and agricultural land is located. Let it be uncertain whether the existing dikes are sufficiently high under climate change conditions. The agricultural production may be affected negatively by floods a ...
... income country. The area is exposed to sea level rise and river floods. In the area, a settlement and agricultural land is located. Let it be uncertain whether the existing dikes are sufficiently high under climate change conditions. The agricultural production may be affected negatively by floods a ...
New England Climate Adaptation PROJECT - NECAP
... • Wells can expect temperature increases, increased precipitation, more extreme precipitation, and rising sea levels as a result of climate change. Wells is likely to experience more days of extreme heat and fewer days of extreme cold. • Projections indicate that Wells will face increased coastal ...
... • Wells can expect temperature increases, increased precipitation, more extreme precipitation, and rising sea levels as a result of climate change. Wells is likely to experience more days of extreme heat and fewer days of extreme cold. • Projections indicate that Wells will face increased coastal ...
georgia - Climate Forum East
... been changing over the past 150 years, due largely to human activity. Global temperatures are rising, rainfall patterns are becoming more unpredictable, and the sea level is rising, with these trends expected to continue over the coming decades. A warmer climate has also been linked with more freque ...
... been changing over the past 150 years, due largely to human activity. Global temperatures are rising, rainfall patterns are becoming more unpredictable, and the sea level is rising, with these trends expected to continue over the coming decades. A warmer climate has also been linked with more freque ...
Bangladesh: Climate Change Impacts and
... According to the Third Assessment Report of IPCC, South Asia is the most vulnerable region of the world to climate change impacts (McCarthy et al., 2001). The international community also recognizes that Bangladesh ranks high in the list of most vulnerable countries on earth. Bangladesh’s high vulne ...
... According to the Third Assessment Report of IPCC, South Asia is the most vulnerable region of the world to climate change impacts (McCarthy et al., 2001). The international community also recognizes that Bangladesh ranks high in the list of most vulnerable countries on earth. Bangladesh’s high vulne ...
The Nation Ex-Situ: On climate change, deterritorialized nationhood
... form of statehood recognized as consistent with, or a natural extension of, existing international law norms. In supporting this assertion, I do three things: I demonstrate that alternative forms of the state are not novel, and briefly point to examples of entities that provide a precedent. I then i ...
... form of statehood recognized as consistent with, or a natural extension of, existing international law norms. In supporting this assertion, I do three things: I demonstrate that alternative forms of the state are not novel, and briefly point to examples of entities that provide a precedent. I then i ...
Climate Extremes Communications Guidebook
... costs. However, variables other than climate change also affect those impacts, making it much more difficult to precisely quantify the degree to which impacts result from climate change per se, as opposed to natural climate variability or changes in exposure and vulnerability. Nevertheless, the obse ...
... costs. However, variables other than climate change also affect those impacts, making it much more difficult to precisely quantify the degree to which impacts result from climate change per se, as opposed to natural climate variability or changes in exposure and vulnerability. Nevertheless, the obse ...
Climate of the Past
... by more than 2 ◦ C in Arctic areas (IPCC, 2007) and in the past 100 years averaged Arctic temperatures have increased at almost twice the global average rate (IPCC, 2007). The observational evidence is generally consistent with climate model simulations that include increased greenhouse gas concentr ...
... by more than 2 ◦ C in Arctic areas (IPCC, 2007) and in the past 100 years averaged Arctic temperatures have increased at almost twice the global average rate (IPCC, 2007). The observational evidence is generally consistent with climate model simulations that include increased greenhouse gas concentr ...
Climate Change, Agricultural Adaptation and Fairtrade
... and specifically the distinction between farm-level and institutional/policy adaptations is briefly reviewed. The important concept of agricultural innovation systems, including knowledge transfers between farmers and assorted stakeholders, and including social and institutional contexts for those t ...
... and specifically the distinction between farm-level and institutional/policy adaptations is briefly reviewed. The important concept of agricultural innovation systems, including knowledge transfers between farmers and assorted stakeholders, and including social and institutional contexts for those t ...
Scenario Studies as a Synthetic and Integrative Research Activity for Articles
... In many large science- and environmental-assessment programs, scenarios have been used to describe and underpin analyses of alternative futures. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) emission scenarios (Naki enovi and Swart 2000) and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment’s scenarios ( ...
... In many large science- and environmental-assessment programs, scenarios have been used to describe and underpin analyses of alternative futures. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) emission scenarios (Naki enovi and Swart 2000) and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment’s scenarios ( ...
Chapter 4 Hydrology and water resources
... over past years to future periods. One cannot assume that a past interannual pattern of meteorological factors will be repeated in the future. It is also true that for the same annual precipitation and temperature, annual runoff can widely vary, depending on the distribution of the meteorological va ...
... over past years to future periods. One cannot assume that a past interannual pattern of meteorological factors will be repeated in the future. It is also true that for the same annual precipitation and temperature, annual runoff can widely vary, depending on the distribution of the meteorological va ...
Climate change and tropical Andean glaciers
... In the arid and semiarid regions of the tropics and subtropics more than 80% of the freshwater supply originates in mountain regions, affecting populations downstream (Messerli, 2001). Much of this water is initially stored as ice in mountain glaciers and then gradually released over time. More than ...
... In the arid and semiarid regions of the tropics and subtropics more than 80% of the freshwater supply originates in mountain regions, affecting populations downstream (Messerli, 2001). Much of this water is initially stored as ice in mountain glaciers and then gradually released over time. More than ...
Mountains and Climate Change: A global concern - EDA
... many mountain regions intersect important environmental boundaries such as timber lines, snow lines or the occurrence of glaciers or permafrost. Climatically induced changes in these boundaries could possibly trigger feedback processes (see Box on page 11) affecting the local climate. For instance, ...
... many mountain regions intersect important environmental boundaries such as timber lines, snow lines or the occurrence of glaciers or permafrost. Climatically induced changes in these boundaries could possibly trigger feedback processes (see Box on page 11) affecting the local climate. For instance, ...
Confronting Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region
... in spruce and fir. It is also home to 60 million people whose actions can profoundly affect the region’s ecological bounty and the life-sustaining benefits it provides. Now that the world is entering a period of unusually rapid climate change, driven largely by human activities that release heat-tra ...
... in spruce and fir. It is also home to 60 million people whose actions can profoundly affect the region’s ecological bounty and the life-sustaining benefits it provides. Now that the world is entering a period of unusually rapid climate change, driven largely by human activities that release heat-tra ...
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... be related to phenomena such as the recent increase in the typhoon frequency in Taiwan and the weakened East Asian monsoon reported by recent studies. ...
... be related to phenomena such as the recent increase in the typhoon frequency in Taiwan and the weakened East Asian monsoon reported by recent studies. ...
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
... average temperature since 1900 has risen about 1.4°F. The U.S temperature rose by 1.2°F in the same period. The rise in US temperatures in the coming century will likely be equal to or marginally higher than the global average, with a concentration of warming in the winter and in higher latitudes. R ...
... average temperature since 1900 has risen about 1.4°F. The U.S temperature rose by 1.2°F in the same period. The rise in US temperatures in the coming century will likely be equal to or marginally higher than the global average, with a concentration of warming in the winter and in higher latitudes. R ...
Mountains and Climate Change: A Global Concern
... many mountain regions intersect important environmental boundaries such as timber lines, snow lines or the occurrence of glaciers or permafrost. Climatically induced changes in these boundaries could possibly trigger feedback processes (see Box on page 11) affecting the local climate. For instance, ...
... many mountain regions intersect important environmental boundaries such as timber lines, snow lines or the occurrence of glaciers or permafrost. Climatically induced changes in these boundaries could possibly trigger feedback processes (see Box on page 11) affecting the local climate. For instance, ...
Climate Relicts: Past, Present, Future
... The potential impacts of current climate change on the distribution and conservation of biodiversity are the subject of global concern. One major consequence of rising temperatures is that many plant and animal species worldwide are moving toward higher elevations and latitudes in response to shifts ...
... The potential impacts of current climate change on the distribution and conservation of biodiversity are the subject of global concern. One major consequence of rising temperatures is that many plant and animal species worldwide are moving toward higher elevations and latitudes in response to shifts ...
Word - Council of Europe
... be needed to mitigate such effects. The paper was prepared for discussion in the July and November 2009 meetings of the ‘Group of Experts on Biodiversity and Climate Change’ of the Bern Convention. The author was asked to ‘provide a report on protected areas and climate change in Europe, including c ...
... be needed to mitigate such effects. The paper was prepared for discussion in the July and November 2009 meetings of the ‘Group of Experts on Biodiversity and Climate Change’ of the Bern Convention. The author was asked to ‘provide a report on protected areas and climate change in Europe, including c ...
climate vulnerability assessment – islands of dhidhdhoo and
... groundwater supply systems. By the year 2100, the total annual precipitation is projected to increase by 175 to 225 mm. Conversely, average precipitation in the dry months, is projected to decrease moderately: by 5 mm in January, 5 mm in February, and 10 mm in March. As a result, the dry season will ...
... groundwater supply systems. By the year 2100, the total annual precipitation is projected to increase by 175 to 225 mm. Conversely, average precipitation in the dry months, is projected to decrease moderately: by 5 mm in January, 5 mm in February, and 10 mm in March. As a result, the dry season will ...
An assessment of the likely consequences of global warming on the
... dominant concern relating to global warming is therefore the possible adverse effects on rainfall. These in turn may result in reduction in water supplies and agricultural production. Environmental consequences are also of interest but do not have the same priority. There are a number of secondary c ...
... dominant concern relating to global warming is therefore the possible adverse effects on rainfall. These in turn may result in reduction in water supplies and agricultural production. Environmental consequences are also of interest but do not have the same priority. There are a number of secondary c ...
Great Plains mega-region (Chapter 7) of the Foundation document
... remoteness of some rural counties. In contrast, other Great Plains’counties with large urban centers or with scenic amenities are experiencing population increases and economic growth (Drabenstott and Smith,1996). Distributions of the naturally occurring vegetation and the planted agricultural crops ...
... remoteness of some rural counties. In contrast, other Great Plains’counties with large urban centers or with scenic amenities are experiencing population increases and economic growth (Drabenstott and Smith,1996). Distributions of the naturally occurring vegetation and the planted agricultural crops ...
Up in smoke? Asia and the Pacific - iied iied
... Summary and overview The human drama of climate change will largely be played out in Asia, where over 60 per cent of the world’s population, around four billion people, live. Over half of those live near the coast, making them directly vulnerable to sea-level rise. Disruption to the region’s water c ...
... Summary and overview The human drama of climate change will largely be played out in Asia, where over 60 per cent of the world’s population, around four billion people, live. Over half of those live near the coast, making them directly vulnerable to sea-level rise. Disruption to the region’s water c ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.