A comment on climate change, conflict and forced migration
... moved temporarily or permanently during periods of drought and other environmental change. Lately, however, due to the perceived increase in the intensity and scale of environmental change, many people see environmentally induced forced migration as a new type of phenomenon. The fourth Assessment Re ...
... moved temporarily or permanently during periods of drought and other environmental change. Lately, however, due to the perceived increase in the intensity and scale of environmental change, many people see environmentally induced forced migration as a new type of phenomenon. The fourth Assessment Re ...
Australia and New Zealand
... In New Zealand, mean air temperatures have increased by 1.0°C over the period 1855 to 2004, and by 0.4°C since 1950 (NIWA, 2005). Local sea surface temperatures have risen by 0.7°C since 1871 (Folland et al., 2003). From 1951 to 1996, the number of cold nights and frosts declined by 10-20 days/yr (S ...
... In New Zealand, mean air temperatures have increased by 1.0°C over the period 1855 to 2004, and by 0.4°C since 1950 (NIWA, 2005). Local sea surface temperatures have risen by 0.7°C since 1871 (Folland et al., 2003). From 1951 to 1996, the number of cold nights and frosts declined by 10-20 days/yr (S ...
An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai
... form the Greater Mumbai region) digitalised from Gupta (2007); around 20% of the area was affected, with flood waters to a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 m in low-lying areas. The root cause of Mumbai’s susceptibility to flooding is its geography, both natural and manmade (Duryog Nivaran 2005). Firstly, the ci ...
... form the Greater Mumbai region) digitalised from Gupta (2007); around 20% of the area was affected, with flood waters to a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 m in low-lying areas. The root cause of Mumbai’s susceptibility to flooding is its geography, both natural and manmade (Duryog Nivaran 2005). Firstly, the ci ...
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research The Met. Office
... by the 2080s are predicted to have increased by about 3 °C above today’s (taken as the average over the period 1961–90). A global average temperature rise of 2 °C, which would occur by the 2050s with unmitigated emissions, will be delayed by about 50 years under 750 ppm stabilisation and by over 100 ...
... by the 2080s are predicted to have increased by about 3 °C above today’s (taken as the average over the period 1961–90). A global average temperature rise of 2 °C, which would occur by the 2050s with unmitigated emissions, will be delayed by about 50 years under 750 ppm stabilisation and by over 100 ...
P:\10 Publications\Books\Why Scientists Disagree\Second Edition\(6
... and its impacts on sea-level rise, ice melts, glacial retreats, impact on crop production, extreme weather events, rainfall changes, etc. have not properly considered factors such as physical impacts of human activities, natural variability in climate, lopsided models used in the prediction of produ ...
... and its impacts on sea-level rise, ice melts, glacial retreats, impact on crop production, extreme weather events, rainfall changes, etc. have not properly considered factors such as physical impacts of human activities, natural variability in climate, lopsided models used in the prediction of produ ...
Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems
... Recent investigations have shown that there has been a general warming of a large part of the world ocean during the past 50 years (Levitus et al., 2000). Analysis of historical SST data by Cane et al. (1997) shows an overall increase associated with land-based global temperature trends. Regional di ...
... Recent investigations have shown that there has been a general warming of a large part of the world ocean during the past 50 years (Levitus et al., 2000). Analysis of historical SST data by Cane et al. (1997) shows an overall increase associated with land-based global temperature trends. Regional di ...
Lake Victoria CC Readness brief No. 3 English
... it more vulnerable than other regions to climate hazards. Climate-related shocks manifested by extreme weather conditions have destroyed livelihoods and exacerbated Africa’s food insecurity, resulting in a high incidence of underweight children, widespread hunger and poor dietary consumpt ...
... it more vulnerable than other regions to climate hazards. Climate-related shocks manifested by extreme weather conditions have destroyed livelihoods and exacerbated Africa’s food insecurity, resulting in a high incidence of underweight children, widespread hunger and poor dietary consumpt ...
Reasonably foreseeable futures
... and other effects related to induced changes in the pattern of land use, population density or growth rate, and related effects on air and water and other natural systems, including ecosystems. 40 C.F.R. § ...
... and other effects related to induced changes in the pattern of land use, population density or growth rate, and related effects on air and water and other natural systems, including ecosystems. 40 C.F.R. § ...
AHEAD OF THE STORM…. Preparing Toronto for Climate Change
... Smog – which worsens in hot weather – was also a major problem in 2005. Toronto had smog advisories for a total of 48 days in 2005. Ozone is an important component of smog and is estimated to contribute to a third of the estimated annual 820 deaths related to air pollution in Toronto. Toronto Public ...
... Smog – which worsens in hot weather – was also a major problem in 2005. Toronto had smog advisories for a total of 48 days in 2005. Ozone is an important component of smog and is estimated to contribute to a third of the estimated annual 820 deaths related to air pollution in Toronto. Toronto Public ...
No Refuge from Warming - Defenders of Wildlife
... climate change in four “ecoregions” (divisions of the polar bear’s current range). Three of the four ecoregions as they classified had a >75% chance of “extinction” within 100 years. Overall, their modeling suggested that if loss of Arctic sea ice proceeds at currently projected rates, it would resu ...
... climate change in four “ecoregions” (divisions of the polar bear’s current range). Three of the four ecoregions as they classified had a >75% chance of “extinction” within 100 years. Overall, their modeling suggested that if loss of Arctic sea ice proceeds at currently projected rates, it would resu ...
NRCan/CIP Projects and Initiatives on climate
... generally considered the authority on the subject. The IPCC does not do research of its own, but bases its reports on the peer-reviewed work of hundreds of climate scientists around the world. The IPCC and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in December 2007. Several scien ...
... generally considered the authority on the subject. The IPCC does not do research of its own, but bases its reports on the peer-reviewed work of hundreds of climate scientists around the world. The IPCC and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in December 2007. Several scien ...
DECC Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity
... 1999 (Commonwealth). The global climate has changed significantly during the last 100 years, with the average surface temperature of the Earth increasing by 0.74±0.18oC. There is a very high confidence level that the globally averaged net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming ...
... 1999 (Commonwealth). The global climate has changed significantly during the last 100 years, with the average surface temperature of the Earth increasing by 0.74±0.18oC. There is a very high confidence level that the globally averaged net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming ...
Great Barrier Reef - Garnaut Climate Change Review
... one of the most supported scientific ideas, receiving the attention of thousands of scientists who have defined it, argued for and against it, and have built up one of the most significant bodies of scientific evidence ever established. Publication of the fourth assessment report by the Intergovernm ...
... one of the most supported scientific ideas, receiving the attention of thousands of scientists who have defined it, argued for and against it, and have built up one of the most significant bodies of scientific evidence ever established. Publication of the fourth assessment report by the Intergovernm ...
Climate change in the Norwegian Arctic – Consequences for life in
... Global warming is one of the major challenges facing the world’s population. The climate in the Arctic is important for the global climate, and in recent years, large changes have been charted in the region. The northern regions are in focus and it is important that the best and most updated informa ...
... Global warming is one of the major challenges facing the world’s population. The climate in the Arctic is important for the global climate, and in recent years, large changes have been charted in the region. The northern regions are in focus and it is important that the best and most updated informa ...
PDF
... from the Institute for Business and Economic Research at the University of California at Berkeley and the Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics. ...
... from the Institute for Business and Economic Research at the University of California at Berkeley and the Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics. ...
Jessica Ayers - Initiative on Climate Adaptation Research and
... interests, so what would be the result of the participation process?”28 An expertdriven, impacts-based perspective on adaptation actually makes inclusiveness problematic because it “run[s] a high risk of encountering elements of local opposition, especially under conditions of scientific uncertainty ...
... interests, so what would be the result of the participation process?”28 An expertdriven, impacts-based perspective on adaptation actually makes inclusiveness problematic because it “run[s] a high risk of encountering elements of local opposition, especially under conditions of scientific uncertainty ...
insects at not so low temperature
... We used the pitcher-plant mosquito, W. smithii to determine the relative selective importance of temperature vs. photoperiodism during rapid climate warming (Bradshaw et al. 2004). Wyeomyia smithii lays its eggs and completes its entire pre-adult development only within the water-filled leaves of th ...
... We used the pitcher-plant mosquito, W. smithii to determine the relative selective importance of temperature vs. photoperiodism during rapid climate warming (Bradshaw et al. 2004). Wyeomyia smithii lays its eggs and completes its entire pre-adult development only within the water-filled leaves of th ...
A Climate Risk Management Approach to Disaster Reduction
... events have increased dramatically in recent years. While many of the emerging patterns of disaster risk are associated with natural hazards that show no tendency to increases in magnitude and recurrence, human interventions in the natural environment are generating new socionatural hazards, mainly ...
... events have increased dramatically in recent years. While many of the emerging patterns of disaster risk are associated with natural hazards that show no tendency to increases in magnitude and recurrence, human interventions in the natural environment are generating new socionatural hazards, mainly ...
Emerging trends in heavy precipitation and hot temperature
... [Morice et al., 2012]) and (ii) the 30 year Gaussian smoothed Swiss annual mean temperature (sSAT) based on 12 long Swiss series [cf. Begert et al., 2005]. This scaling with GMT allows to compare the results with other studies on the larger scale [e.g., Seneviratne et al., 2016; Westra et al., 2013] ...
... [Morice et al., 2012]) and (ii) the 30 year Gaussian smoothed Swiss annual mean temperature (sSAT) based on 12 long Swiss series [cf. Begert et al., 2005]. This scaling with GMT allows to compare the results with other studies on the larger scale [e.g., Seneviratne et al., 2016; Westra et al., 2013] ...
Producing the Climate: States, Scientists, and the
... However, as Wendt argues, this functionalist logic brackets the stage in which objective conditions are translated into an intersubjective problem that states can address.11 An explanation for the emergence of governance institutions is at best incomplete if it does not include an account of how the ...
... However, as Wendt argues, this functionalist logic brackets the stage in which objective conditions are translated into an intersubjective problem that states can address.11 An explanation for the emergence of governance institutions is at best incomplete if it does not include an account of how the ...
CESifo Working Paper 3959
... accommodate the costs incurred by an increase in average temperature in summer; pushing farmers to re-optimise their portfolio of inputs, the variety of their products and their production technologies more generally as a reaction to changes in temperature and in the quantity or timing of rainfall. ...
... accommodate the costs incurred by an increase in average temperature in summer; pushing farmers to re-optimise their portfolio of inputs, the variety of their products and their production technologies more generally as a reaction to changes in temperature and in the quantity or timing of rainfall. ...
part 3. technical summary
... Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The climate change scenarios for Albania developed as part of this exercise have predicted an annual increase in temperature of up to 3.6 ºC, decrease in precipitation by 12.5%, and consequent reduction of water resources and arable land (due to moist ...
... Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The climate change scenarios for Albania developed as part of this exercise have predicted an annual increase in temperature of up to 3.6 ºC, decrease in precipitation by 12.5%, and consequent reduction of water resources and arable land (due to moist ...
Climate Change Impacts and Opportunities for Biodiversity and
... Fig (2) Kassala rainfall difference from the normal during the period 1961 to 2012……............................................................................................................... Fig (3) time series analysis of Kassala maximum temperature during the period 1961 to 2012…………………………………… ...
... Fig (2) Kassala rainfall difference from the normal during the period 1961 to 2012……............................................................................................................... Fig (3) time series analysis of Kassala maximum temperature during the period 1961 to 2012…………………………………… ...
Weathercaster Views on Informal Climate Education: Similarities
... the most misunderstood? (4) What ideas about climate change, if any, do you feel are universally agreed upon by all parties? (5) What do you see as your role as a weathercaster to educate your viewers about climate change? Weathercasters were recruited at a professional meeting of the American Meteo ...
... the most misunderstood? (4) What ideas about climate change, if any, do you feel are universally agreed upon by all parties? (5) What do you see as your role as a weathercaster to educate your viewers about climate change? Weathercasters were recruited at a professional meeting of the American Meteo ...
Biodiversity Areas under Threat: Overlap of Climate Change and
... Climate change is predicted to have major direct effects on biodiversity. Already climate change impacts, such as phenological changes and range shifts, have been documented for many species [1–3]. As with human populations, species vulnerability to climate change is a function of sensitivity, expos ...
... Climate change is predicted to have major direct effects on biodiversity. Already climate change impacts, such as phenological changes and range shifts, have been documented for many species [1–3]. As with human populations, species vulnerability to climate change is a function of sensitivity, expos ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.