The Economic Cost of Climate Change in Africa
... commissioned Practical Action Consulting to write this report in September 2009. It aims to document and analyse the economic costs of climate change in Africa. It also seeks to contribute to a more detailed understanding of the costs involved for Africa in mitigating and adapting to climate change. ...
... commissioned Practical Action Consulting to write this report in September 2009. It aims to document and analyse the economic costs of climate change in Africa. It also seeks to contribute to a more detailed understanding of the costs involved for Africa in mitigating and adapting to climate change. ...
Aqua Introductory Research Essay 2016:3
... species, and this has been referred to as a composition shift (Ohlberger, 2013). Moreover, stage-specific thermal optima can alter the age-structure and hence the mean size of a population, if for instance temperature induces a disproportional increase in mortality on older and larger individuals ( ...
... species, and this has been referred to as a composition shift (Ohlberger, 2013). Moreover, stage-specific thermal optima can alter the age-structure and hence the mean size of a population, if for instance temperature induces a disproportional increase in mortality on older and larger individuals ( ...
Ecological controls on net ecosystem productivity of a seasonally dry
... (Lindner et al., 2010). Net primary productivity (NPP) in these regions was expected to increase little, and in some cases to decrease, under climate change, so that many ecosystems may change from sinks to sources of C by 2100, mainly from drying caused by declining precipitation vs. rising evapotr ...
... (Lindner et al., 2010). Net primary productivity (NPP) in these regions was expected to increase little, and in some cases to decrease, under climate change, so that many ecosystems may change from sinks to sources of C by 2100, mainly from drying caused by declining precipitation vs. rising evapotr ...
Climate Change Fact Sheet Series
... years the Earth’s surface and lowest part of the atmosphere have warmed up on average by about 0.6oC. During this period, manmade emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased, largely as a result of the burning of fossil fuels for energy and trans ...
... years the Earth’s surface and lowest part of the atmosphere have warmed up on average by about 0.6oC. During this period, manmade emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased, largely as a result of the burning of fossil fuels for energy and trans ...
Promising Practices on cLimate cHange in UrBan sUB
... By their very nature, water utilities deal with supply and demand of this vital resource, but in Africa this takes on a special dimension against the double challenge of climate change and unabated population growth. The world’s second largest freshwater body in the world (and the largest on the con ...
... By their very nature, water utilities deal with supply and demand of this vital resource, but in Africa this takes on a special dimension against the double challenge of climate change and unabated population growth. The world’s second largest freshwater body in the world (and the largest on the con ...
Confronting Climate Change in the Gulf Coast Region
... The ecological impacts of climate change will have important implications for the health and well-being of human populations as well as other goods and services that ecosystems provide to society. Global warming will have particularly important impacts on the region’s water resources. Gulf Coast eco ...
... The ecological impacts of climate change will have important implications for the health and well-being of human populations as well as other goods and services that ecosystems provide to society. Global warming will have particularly important impacts on the region’s water resources. Gulf Coast eco ...
LD166 Cumbria Local Climate Impacts Profile
... understand their exposure to extreme weather and climate change. The LCLIP represents only the starting point in a longer, more detailed process of evaluating the level of risk and opportunity that future climate change trends may bring. The study was commissioned by the CSP’s Cumbria Climate Change ...
... understand their exposure to extreme weather and climate change. The LCLIP represents only the starting point in a longer, more detailed process of evaluating the level of risk and opportunity that future climate change trends may bring. The study was commissioned by the CSP’s Cumbria Climate Change ...
Climate Risk Management for Agriculture in Peru
... low lying island states, such as Nauru or the Maldives may have to be relocated. In countries like Honduras, where more than half the population relies on agriculture, climate induced risks, such as Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which caused over US$ 2 billion in agricultural losses, will continue to pos ...
... low lying island states, such as Nauru or the Maldives may have to be relocated. In countries like Honduras, where more than half the population relies on agriculture, climate induced risks, such as Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which caused over US$ 2 billion in agricultural losses, will continue to pos ...
- Macquarie University ResearchOnline
... In time, continuous changes in composition are observed. These can be explained by continuous changes in climate. The observed response in pollen assemblages is due in part to quantitative compositional shifts, and in part to range boundary shifts. When climate change is rapid, so is compositional c ...
... In time, continuous changes in composition are observed. These can be explained by continuous changes in climate. The observed response in pollen assemblages is due in part to quantitative compositional shifts, and in part to range boundary shifts. When climate change is rapid, so is compositional c ...
What Is El Niño? - Institute For Global Environmental Strategies
... water to rise to the surface to nourish plankton, fishes, seabirds, sea lions, and other marine life of the coastal region. The trade winds pile up warm water in the western Pacific north of Australia, keeping surface water temperatures and sea level in the western Pacific higher than elsewhere. ...
... water to rise to the surface to nourish plankton, fishes, seabirds, sea lions, and other marine life of the coastal region. The trade winds pile up warm water in the western Pacific north of Australia, keeping surface water temperatures and sea level in the western Pacific higher than elsewhere. ...
Print - Science Advances
... nighttime temperatures. This leads us to our third question: Are the observed effects most acute among those least able to cope with nighttime heat? For example, more wealthy individuals may be able to afford running the air conditioning at night, whereas those in lower-income brackets may not (39). ...
... nighttime temperatures. This leads us to our third question: Are the observed effects most acute among those least able to cope with nighttime heat? For example, more wealthy individuals may be able to afford running the air conditioning at night, whereas those in lower-income brackets may not (39). ...
Chapter 19
... Bindschadler, R.A., and C. R. Bentley. 2002. “On Thin Ice? Western Antarctica’s Ice Sheet.” Scientific American, vol. 287, 98. Blanchard, Odile, et al., eds. 2002. Building on the Kyoto Protocol: Options for Protecting the Environment. Washington, D. C.: World Resources Institute. Blumberg, Mark S. ...
... Bindschadler, R.A., and C. R. Bentley. 2002. “On Thin Ice? Western Antarctica’s Ice Sheet.” Scientific American, vol. 287, 98. Blanchard, Odile, et al., eds. 2002. Building on the Kyoto Protocol: Options for Protecting the Environment. Washington, D. C.: World Resources Institute. Blumberg, Mark S. ...
Climate change scenario simulations of wind, sea level, and
... 1872 at 2.77 m above mean sea level (Baerens and Hupfer, 1999). Even higher water levels were reported for February 1625, but documented measurements are not available. Hupfer et al. (2003) summarized observations of other extreme storm surges at the German Baltic Sea coast. Thus, even in the semi-e ...
... 1872 at 2.77 m above mean sea level (Baerens and Hupfer, 1999). Even higher water levels were reported for February 1625, but documented measurements are not available. Hupfer et al. (2003) summarized observations of other extreme storm surges at the German Baltic Sea coast. Thus, even in the semi-e ...
Global Warming and the Greenland Ice Sheet
... would be 1.2 mm/year while the contribution from Antarctica was –1.3 mm/year, leaving again the net sea level change to be decided by other factors. Gregory and Oerlemans (1998) used GCM output as a driving mechanism for a more detailed glacier model. Taking a 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 ...
... would be 1.2 mm/year while the contribution from Antarctica was –1.3 mm/year, leaving again the net sea level change to be decided by other factors. Gregory and Oerlemans (1998) used GCM output as a driving mechanism for a more detailed glacier model. Taking a 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 ...
Introducing the Transnational Climate Impacts Index
... noted above, IPCC Working Group II has touched upon the issue, noting, for example, that impacts “can have consequences beyond the regions in which they occur” (Oppenheimer et al. 2014, p.1059). Another section notes that “[c]ross-regional phenomena can be crucial for understanding the ramifications ...
... noted above, IPCC Working Group II has touched upon the issue, noting, for example, that impacts “can have consequences beyond the regions in which they occur” (Oppenheimer et al. 2014, p.1059). Another section notes that “[c]ross-regional phenomena can be crucial for understanding the ramifications ...
2009-PIK-Additional Study-WP1
... is rather insufficient. Hyderabad is in the same situation as other cities in India in that respect, i.e. the share of buses in relation to the total registered vehicles in India was constantly decreasing since 1952 (3iNetwork, 2006). Urban/suburban trains are serving commuters and intra-urban passe ...
... is rather insufficient. Hyderabad is in the same situation as other cities in India in that respect, i.e. the share of buses in relation to the total registered vehicles in India was constantly decreasing since 1952 (3iNetwork, 2006). Urban/suburban trains are serving commuters and intra-urban passe ...
CONFALONIERI 2007 Human Health
... contribution made by climate change to the overall burden of disease has been estimated (see Section 8.4.1) (McMichael, 2004). Several countries have conducted health-impact assessments of climate change; either as part of a multi-sectoral study or as a stand-alone project (see Tables 8.1, 8.3 and 8 ...
... contribution made by climate change to the overall burden of disease has been estimated (see Section 8.4.1) (McMichael, 2004). Several countries have conducted health-impact assessments of climate change; either as part of a multi-sectoral study or as a stand-alone project (see Tables 8.1, 8.3 and 8 ...
Responses of runoff to historical and future climate variability over
... with a small range in southern China, the Songhua River basin and the northwest and a large range in the Hai River basin, the Yellow River basin, and the Liao River basin. Although the aforementioned studies have certainly made advances in understanding the climate elasticity of R in China, our know ...
... with a small range in southern China, the Songhua River basin and the northwest and a large range in the Hai River basin, the Yellow River basin, and the Liao River basin. Although the aforementioned studies have certainly made advances in understanding the climate elasticity of R in China, our know ...
Environmental Impacts—Marine Ecosystems
... shellfish and other biota exists or is currently being reconstructed from archives, archaeological material and museums (Fig. 8.2). Written records go back 500 years in some cases and archaeological records go back many thousands of years (Enghoff et al. 2007), covering a wide range of temperature co ...
... shellfish and other biota exists or is currently being reconstructed from archives, archaeological material and museums (Fig. 8.2). Written records go back 500 years in some cases and archaeological records go back many thousands of years (Enghoff et al. 2007), covering a wide range of temperature co ...
Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific
... In 2012, at the Pacific Island Leaders Forum, it was decided to support the development of a single integrated regional framework on climate change and disaster risk management, to succeed the two separate regional frameworks on disaster risk management and climate change. The terms of the Pacific D ...
... In 2012, at the Pacific Island Leaders Forum, it was decided to support the development of a single integrated regional framework on climate change and disaster risk management, to succeed the two separate regional frameworks on disaster risk management and climate change. The terms of the Pacific D ...
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent
... could respond in different ways to the same environmental perturbation22 . An advantage of this approach is that tundra growth forms differ in productivity, decomposition rates, albedo and snow-catching capacity, so understanding their response to climate warming can inform models of global surface ...
... could respond in different ways to the same environmental perturbation22 . An advantage of this approach is that tundra growth forms differ in productivity, decomposition rates, albedo and snow-catching capacity, so understanding their response to climate warming can inform models of global surface ...
Towards Policy Integration of Disaster Risk, Climate Adaptation, and
... Source: Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft and UNU-EHS, WorldRiskReport 2014 ...
... Source: Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft and UNU-EHS, WorldRiskReport 2014 ...
Military Expert Panel Report Sea Level Rise
... The United States military is the greatest globally-deployed military force in human history. That military force is present in 156 nations, and ready to advance U.S. interests, whether that be on a war-fighting or humanitarian mission. To do so, the U.S. military depends on essential services and i ...
... The United States military is the greatest globally-deployed military force in human history. That military force is present in 156 nations, and ready to advance U.S. interests, whether that be on a war-fighting or humanitarian mission. To do so, the U.S. military depends on essential services and i ...
Mis - Center for International Environmental Law
... Current Climate Change Trajectory Based on current greenhouse gas emission trajectories, global average temperatures are predicted to increase by 4°C (or higher) above pre-industrial levels by the year 2100.6 The anticipated impacts of a ≥4°C increase on our climate include: • Millions of people su ...
... Current Climate Change Trajectory Based on current greenhouse gas emission trajectories, global average temperatures are predicted to increase by 4°C (or higher) above pre-industrial levels by the year 2100.6 The anticipated impacts of a ≥4°C increase on our climate include: • Millions of people su ...
a guide for tribal leaders on us climate change programs
... The White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) works on developing environmental policies and initiatives, and the CEQ’s chair serves as the principal environmental policy adviser to the President. The CEQ is engaged in several initiatives related to climate change adaptation, including co ...
... The White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) works on developing environmental policies and initiatives, and the CEQ’s chair serves as the principal environmental policy adviser to the President. The CEQ is engaged in several initiatives related to climate change adaptation, including co ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.