AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED LC/CAR/L.302
... in the (former) Netherlands Antilles. There are three main objectives in this study. The first is to examine the factors that influence the demand and supply of tourism in Netherlands Antilles. The second is to forecast the cost of climate change to the tourism sector until 2050 under the A2 and B2 ...
... in the (former) Netherlands Antilles. There are three main objectives in this study. The first is to examine the factors that influence the demand and supply of tourism in Netherlands Antilles. The second is to forecast the cost of climate change to the tourism sector until 2050 under the A2 and B2 ...
Climate change in Central America and Mexico
... also rich dry forests; has only about one-third of them remain (Myers and Tucker 1987). In addition to these and other long-recognized threats—habitat loss from overexploitation, and exotic species introductions—amphibians in all biogeographic regions face several new threats, including climate chan ...
... also rich dry forests; has only about one-third of them remain (Myers and Tucker 1987). In addition to these and other long-recognized threats—habitat loss from overexploitation, and exotic species introductions—amphibians in all biogeographic regions face several new threats, including climate chan ...
Climate Action Plan - City of Boynton Beach
... The City’s CAP represents the implementation plan to achieve reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption in the future. The CAP addresses the need to change direction with respect to City operations, policies, alternative energies and fuels, mass and individual transportation strat ...
... The City’s CAP represents the implementation plan to achieve reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption in the future. The CAP addresses the need to change direction with respect to City operations, policies, alternative energies and fuels, mass and individual transportation strat ...
World Wide Fund for Nature-Pakistan Climate Change in the
... rain and snow events. “Basic theory, climate model simulations and empirical evidence all confirm that warmer climates, owing to increased water vapor, lead to more intense precipitation events even when the total annual precipitation is reduced slightly, and with prospects for even stronger events ...
... rain and snow events. “Basic theory, climate model simulations and empirical evidence all confirm that warmer climates, owing to increased water vapor, lead to more intense precipitation events even when the total annual precipitation is reduced slightly, and with prospects for even stronger events ...
The sun responsible for climate change!
... beyond our control-the Earth's temperature. One of their political objectives, unstated of course, is the transfer of wealth from rich nations to poor nations or, as the social engineers put it, from the North to the South, which may be their real agenda. At the Bali Conference on Climate Change in ...
... beyond our control-the Earth's temperature. One of their political objectives, unstated of course, is the transfer of wealth from rich nations to poor nations or, as the social engineers put it, from the North to the South, which may be their real agenda. At the Bali Conference on Climate Change in ...
Climate Change and Vector-borne Diseases: An Economic Impact
... and 8 days to mature at 30 degrees Celsius. Apart from the African highlands and the farthest southern and northern African regions, the annual mean temperature on the African continent is above 25 degrees Celsius [19]. Therefore, the projected increase in mean temperature of about 1.4 to 5.8 degree ...
... and 8 days to mature at 30 degrees Celsius. Apart from the African highlands and the farthest southern and northern African regions, the annual mean temperature on the African continent is above 25 degrees Celsius [19]. Therefore, the projected increase in mean temperature of about 1.4 to 5.8 degree ...
complete collection in -format
... Today, the single most challenging environmental issue facing the international community is global warming. In 1885 the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was adopted based on the Precautionary Principle, followed by the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone La ...
... Today, the single most challenging environmental issue facing the international community is global warming. In 1885 the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was adopted based on the Precautionary Principle, followed by the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone La ...
Guidance for making the case for climate change adaptation in the
... For construction developments, both during construction and during operation, the potential costs associated with climate change could be highly significant2, 3. Risks from extreme weather Losses due to flood, wind and seaevents and a changing climate may translate to level risks for Hull were estim ...
... For construction developments, both during construction and during operation, the potential costs associated with climate change could be highly significant2, 3. Risks from extreme weather Losses due to flood, wind and seaevents and a changing climate may translate to level risks for Hull were estim ...
come heat and high water: climate risk in the southeastern us and
... lighted these impacts across every region of the country, with a focus on three sectors: agriculture, energy demand and coastal infrastructure. We also looked at overarching issues such as changes in labor productivity and heat-related mortality. This follow-up report focuses on the Southeast and Te ...
... lighted these impacts across every region of the country, with a focus on three sectors: agriculture, energy demand and coastal infrastructure. We also looked at overarching issues such as changes in labor productivity and heat-related mortality. This follow-up report focuses on the Southeast and Te ...
Plant size and leaf area influence phenological and reproductive
... The experiment was designed as a randomized block design, with two treatments: warming (control vs. ∼2.9 ◦ C annual temperature increase), and functional group (three levels: grasses, nitrogen-fixing legumes and forbs). Microcosms were arranged in four blocks containing a replicate of species per tem ...
... The experiment was designed as a randomized block design, with two treatments: warming (control vs. ∼2.9 ◦ C annual temperature increase), and functional group (three levels: grasses, nitrogen-fixing legumes and forbs). Microcosms were arranged in four blocks containing a replicate of species per tem ...
CMIP5 Projections of Arctic Amplification, of the North American
... considering the CMIP5 projections with the largest greenhouse gas forcing. For this same reason, much of our analysis will focus on the ‘‘long term’’ changes, defined as the difference between the 25-yr periods 2076–99 and 1980–2004 (for the earlier period, data are taken from the CMIP5 historical s ...
... considering the CMIP5 projections with the largest greenhouse gas forcing. For this same reason, much of our analysis will focus on the ‘‘long term’’ changes, defined as the difference between the 25-yr periods 2076–99 and 1980–2004 (for the earlier period, data are taken from the CMIP5 historical s ...
G8 Climate Governance, 1975-2008
... the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and Kyoto Protocol the G8 conceded to the UN system as the appropriate institution to deal with climate change. However, after 2003 when the UN’s Kyoto regime with its unbalanced convention-protocol, target-timetable approach failed ...
... the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and Kyoto Protocol the G8 conceded to the UN system as the appropriate institution to deal with climate change. However, after 2003 when the UN’s Kyoto regime with its unbalanced convention-protocol, target-timetable approach failed ...
Modeling the Links between Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and
... Current model projections have consistently indicated that biodiversity would continue to decline over the 21st century, under different socioeconomic scenarios with trajectories of key indirect drivers of ecological changes, such as human population growth and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) (Pereir ...
... Current model projections have consistently indicated that biodiversity would continue to decline over the 21st century, under different socioeconomic scenarios with trajectories of key indirect drivers of ecological changes, such as human population growth and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) (Pereir ...
Drivers of Biodiversity Loss
... higher than it was before the start of the industrial revolution (Vitousek et al. 1997) and levels are projected to continue this dramatic increase to 2050 and beyond (Schmalensee et al. 1998). Quite apart from the indirect effects of these CO2 increases operating through climate change (discussed l ...
... higher than it was before the start of the industrial revolution (Vitousek et al. 1997) and levels are projected to continue this dramatic increase to 2050 and beyond (Schmalensee et al. 1998). Quite apart from the indirect effects of these CO2 increases operating through climate change (discussed l ...
Faith Based Statements on Climate Change
... It ends with the commitments: to develop an energy fund for carbon reduction; to teach climate justice at all ages and levels of the church; to stay connected as a consortium for climate justice; to support outside initiatives aimed at emissions reduction, to provide support for people directly affe ...
... It ends with the commitments: to develop an energy fund for carbon reduction; to teach climate justice at all ages and levels of the church; to stay connected as a consortium for climate justice; to support outside initiatives aimed at emissions reduction, to provide support for people directly affe ...
Recent observed climate change over the Arabian Peninsula
... [2] Many parts of the world and especially developed countries have benefited from assessments of observed climate changes, especially in relation to temperature and precipitation owing to the societal importance of these parameters [Goddard et al., 2001]. According to the IPCC fourth assessment rep ...
... [2] Many parts of the world and especially developed countries have benefited from assessments of observed climate changes, especially in relation to temperature and precipitation owing to the societal importance of these parameters [Goddard et al., 2001]. According to the IPCC fourth assessment rep ...
Shifting plant phenology in response to global change
... approaches is necessary to understand how phenology will shift in response to different aspects of global change, and to identify the processes that scale between species and ecosystem phenology. Phenology and climate are intimately linked Phenology is a dominant and often overlooked aspect of plant ...
... approaches is necessary to understand how phenology will shift in response to different aspects of global change, and to identify the processes that scale between species and ecosystem phenology. Phenology and climate are intimately linked Phenology is a dominant and often overlooked aspect of plant ...
From Impacts Assessment to Adaptation Priorities: the Shaping of
... comparatively low and often absent, and to the extent that it was present at all, it was in the context of mitigation debates. One important reason for this is that it is widely understood that in the long term adaptation will not suffice. The atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses will hav ...
... comparatively low and often absent, and to the extent that it was present at all, it was in the context of mitigation debates. One important reason for this is that it is widely understood that in the long term adaptation will not suffice. The atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses will hav ...
Submission from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
... priority for both current and historical observations. The contributing systems include the climate‐observing components of the IOC‐led Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), the FAO‐led Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS), and the WMO Global Observing System (GOS) and Globa ...
... priority for both current and historical observations. The contributing systems include the climate‐observing components of the IOC‐led Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), the FAO‐led Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS), and the WMO Global Observing System (GOS) and Globa ...
Climate Change, Migration, and Conflict
... Introduction and summary The costs and consequences of climate change on our world will define the 21st century. Even if nations across our planet were to take immediate steps to rein in carbon emissions—an unlikely prospect—a warmer climate is inevitable. As the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Cl ...
... Introduction and summary The costs and consequences of climate change on our world will define the 21st century. Even if nations across our planet were to take immediate steps to rein in carbon emissions—an unlikely prospect—a warmer climate is inevitable. As the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Cl ...
The cost of inaction: Recognising the value at risk
... reduced, but fortunately, mitigation can greatly reduce these risks. Lower greenhouse gas emissions decrease the probability of temperature increases and thus the expected harms. Provided that warming from climate change can be kept under 2°C, the average projected losses can be cut in half, while t ...
... reduced, but fortunately, mitigation can greatly reduce these risks. Lower greenhouse gas emissions decrease the probability of temperature increases and thus the expected harms. Provided that warming from climate change can be kept under 2°C, the average projected losses can be cut in half, while t ...
Climate change data and risk assessment methodologies for the
... Hazard is the “potential occurrence of a natural or human-induced physical event or trend or physical impact that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, ecosystems, and environmental resources.” ...
... Hazard is the “potential occurrence of a natural or human-induced physical event or trend or physical impact that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, ecosystems, and environmental resources.” ...
NorthSouth asymmetry in the modeled phytoplankton community
... larger heat capacity and thermal inertia in the SH compared to the NH [e.g., Bryan et al., 1988; Manabe et al., 1991; Flato and Boer, 2001]. Higher evaporative latent heat loss over the oceans and a strong ice-albedo positive feedback in the Arctic further enhance the interhemispheric asymmetry [Wan ...
... larger heat capacity and thermal inertia in the SH compared to the NH [e.g., Bryan et al., 1988; Manabe et al., 1991; Flato and Boer, 2001]. Higher evaporative latent heat loss over the oceans and a strong ice-albedo positive feedback in the Arctic further enhance the interhemispheric asymmetry [Wan ...
Climate Change Impact on Public Health in the Russian Arctic
... Climate change is also affecting Russia. The average annual temperature for 2007 was 2.1С higher than the historical average since 1886 [Report on the Peculiarities of Climate in Russia…, 2008]. Some of the fastest and most significant climate changes are taking place in the Arctic, resulting in mel ...
... Climate change is also affecting Russia. The average annual temperature for 2007 was 2.1С higher than the historical average since 1886 [Report on the Peculiarities of Climate in Russia…, 2008]. Some of the fastest and most significant climate changes are taking place in the Arctic, resulting in mel ...
Monroe County Climate Action Plan
... hurricane intensity. While greenhouse gas emissions produced within the Monroe County region constitute only a small percentage of national and global quantities, Monroe County, because of its unique vulnerabilities to sea-level rise and our international presence as a premier tourist destination, h ...
... hurricane intensity. While greenhouse gas emissions produced within the Monroe County region constitute only a small percentage of national and global quantities, Monroe County, because of its unique vulnerabilities to sea-level rise and our international presence as a premier tourist destination, h ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.