Monroe County Climate Action Plan
... hurricane intensity. While greenhouse gas emissions produced within the Monroe County region constitute only a small percentage of national and global quantities, Monroe County, because of its unique vulnerabilities to sea-level rise and our international presence as a premier tourist destination, h ...
... hurricane intensity. While greenhouse gas emissions produced within the Monroe County region constitute only a small percentage of national and global quantities, Monroe County, because of its unique vulnerabilities to sea-level rise and our international presence as a premier tourist destination, h ...
Dynamics of the coupled human-climate system resulting from
... Our HadCM3L simulations involve a simple scenario of initiating SRM in year 2040 with the goal of returning the global mean temperature to 2020 levels. This is sufficient to illustrate both the ability for feedback-control to achieve the desired goal under uncertainty and the inherent trade-off betw ...
... Our HadCM3L simulations involve a simple scenario of initiating SRM in year 2040 with the goal of returning the global mean temperature to 2020 levels. This is sufficient to illustrate both the ability for feedback-control to achieve the desired goal under uncertainty and the inherent trade-off betw ...
Water Scarcity, Conflict, and Security in a Climate Change World
... continent-will suffer a reduction in precipitation of up to 20% with longer bouts of dry spells between rain events.' Moreover, they are likely to experience more intense, more frequent and longer-lasting heat waves.' The result will be protracted droughts in many of the world's most populated areas ...
... continent-will suffer a reduction in precipitation of up to 20% with longer bouts of dry spells between rain events.' Moreover, they are likely to experience more intense, more frequent and longer-lasting heat waves.' The result will be protracted droughts in many of the world's most populated areas ...
Analysis of vegetation distribution in Interior Alaska and sensitivity to
... simulations resulted in predicted warming in Interior Alaska to range between no warming to almost 10 C warming of mean annual temperature with an average predicted warming of 2–3 C (Källén et al., 2001). Thus, a 5 C growing season warming is slightly higher than expected warming. Annual precip ...
... simulations resulted in predicted warming in Interior Alaska to range between no warming to almost 10 C warming of mean annual temperature with an average predicted warming of 2–3 C (Källén et al., 2001). Thus, a 5 C growing season warming is slightly higher than expected warming. Annual precip ...
Migration, displacement, and the environment
... their home. The Wilson Centre argues that the label of ‘climate refugee’ is inherently misleading in the absence of a current legal framework defining the term.18 Ultimately the existing international legal definition of the term refugee does not account for the role of intensive climate risks or in ...
... their home. The Wilson Centre argues that the label of ‘climate refugee’ is inherently misleading in the absence of a current legal framework defining the term.18 Ultimately the existing international legal definition of the term refugee does not account for the role of intensive climate risks or in ...
The Promises and Perils of Geoengineering Simon Nicholson
... is in relatively short supply. Though this idea makes sense in theory, the few field trials that have been undertaken have given mixed results. In one early trial, iron dumped into the South Atlantic did indeed trigger a plankton bloom. However, most of the additional plankton was eaten by a swarm o ...
... is in relatively short supply. Though this idea makes sense in theory, the few field trials that have been undertaken have given mixed results. In one early trial, iron dumped into the South Atlantic did indeed trigger a plankton bloom. However, most of the additional plankton was eaten by a swarm o ...
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... atmosphere. Some human activities, like burning fossil fuels, release Climate change is increasing the risk of GHGs into the atmosphere and intensify the greenhouse effect, flooding in shoreline communities (C. Bowser) warming the earth. This warming, called global warming, is affecting long-term we ...
... atmosphere. Some human activities, like burning fossil fuels, release Climate change is increasing the risk of GHGs into the atmosphere and intensify the greenhouse effect, flooding in shoreline communities (C. Bowser) warming the earth. This warming, called global warming, is affecting long-term we ...
Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I
... polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the f ...
... polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the f ...
The Critical Decade 2013
... have increased across Australia and around the world. The number of heatwaves is projected to increase significantly into the future. ›› Bushfire weather: Climate change has already increased the risk of extreme fire weather in some parts of Australia, especially the populous southeast. ›› Rainfall ...
... have increased across Australia and around the world. The number of heatwaves is projected to increase significantly into the future. ›› Bushfire weather: Climate change has already increased the risk of extreme fire weather in some parts of Australia, especially the populous southeast. ›› Rainfall ...
Climate Change Effects on Forest and Alpine (and Western Prairie
... Disturbances (e.g., droughts, insect outbreaks, grazing, and fire) are part of the ecological history of most ecosystems and influence ecological communities and landscapes.25 Both human-induced and natural disturbances shape ecosystems by influencing species composition, structure, and function (e. ...
... Disturbances (e.g., droughts, insect outbreaks, grazing, and fire) are part of the ecological history of most ecosystems and influence ecological communities and landscapes.25 Both human-induced and natural disturbances shape ecosystems by influencing species composition, structure, and function (e. ...
Hydrologic Sensitivity to Climate and Land Use Changes in the
... in a basin’s sensitivity to climate change, but in complex ways. Basins at higher elevations with hydrologic regimes heavily influenced by snowmelt are more vulnerable to temperature changes than precipitation changes (Chang and Jung, 2010). On the other hand, rainfall-dominated basins are more vuln ...
... in a basin’s sensitivity to climate change, but in complex ways. Basins at higher elevations with hydrologic regimes heavily influenced by snowmelt are more vulnerable to temperature changes than precipitation changes (Chang and Jung, 2010). On the other hand, rainfall-dominated basins are more vuln ...
Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse
... eastward extension of the west Pacific warm pool and development of atmospheric convection, and hence a huge rainfall increase, in the usually cold and dry equatorial eastern Pacific. Such a massive reorganization of atmospheric convection, which we define as an extreme El Niño, severely disrupted g ...
... eastward extension of the west Pacific warm pool and development of atmospheric convection, and hence a huge rainfall increase, in the usually cold and dry equatorial eastern Pacific. Such a massive reorganization of atmospheric convection, which we define as an extreme El Niño, severely disrupted g ...
Growth and Phenology of Three Dwarf Shrub Species in a Six
... events during the snow-free period. Projected increases of 1.8–4uC in the global mean surface air temperature by the end of the 21st century [3] can cause dramatic changes in community composition since co-occurring species respond differently to climate variations [4–6]. Community changes are of pa ...
... events during the snow-free period. Projected increases of 1.8–4uC in the global mean surface air temperature by the end of the 21st century [3] can cause dramatic changes in community composition since co-occurring species respond differently to climate variations [4–6]. Community changes are of pa ...
Primary impacts of climate change on the cryosphere
... cryosphere (glaciers, mountain permafrost, snow cover, Baltic Sea ice, lake and river ice), observed trends and future projections under the conditions of climate change, as well as selected ‘secondary’ impacts of climate change (e.g., avalanches and land slides) in the 7 most important regions with ...
... cryosphere (glaciers, mountain permafrost, snow cover, Baltic Sea ice, lake and river ice), observed trends and future projections under the conditions of climate change, as well as selected ‘secondary’ impacts of climate change (e.g., avalanches and land slides) in the 7 most important regions with ...
Eco-physiological adaptations that favour freshwater cyanobacteria
... deep peri-alpine Lake Zurich, Switzerland has increased by more than 20% over the past three decades (Livingstone, 2003). In shallow lakes, microstratification can resist turbulent mixing to reduce the mixing depth to a shallow mixed layer near the water’s surface (Denman and Gargett, 1983). Wilhelm ...
... deep peri-alpine Lake Zurich, Switzerland has increased by more than 20% over the past three decades (Livingstone, 2003). In shallow lakes, microstratification can resist turbulent mixing to reduce the mixing depth to a shallow mixed layer near the water’s surface (Denman and Gargett, 1983). Wilhelm ...
Impacts of climate change on disadvantaged UK coastal communities
... The literature also suggests that climate change will impact coastal livelihoods, affecting in particular those depending on the coast for their economic activities (e.g. fishing and tourism). Climate change impacts can also lead to longer-term effects on neighbourhoods. For instance, areas that suf ...
... The literature also suggests that climate change will impact coastal livelihoods, affecting in particular those depending on the coast for their economic activities (e.g. fishing and tourism). Climate change impacts can also lead to longer-term effects on neighbourhoods. For instance, areas that suf ...
How the Great Barrier Reef and its industries can adapt to climate
... 1a Paradise perturbed ................................................................................................................................... 9 1b Reef relief ................................................................................................................................. ...
... 1a Paradise perturbed ................................................................................................................................... 9 1b Reef relief ................................................................................................................................. ...
Agreeing to disagree: Uncertainty management in assessing climate
... philosophical discussion on uncertainty has shown that there are divisions which cannot be resolved. For the sake of simplicity, we address three of the most fundamental differences between uncertainty approaches, namely those between the objective and the subjective views of uncertainty, and those ...
... philosophical discussion on uncertainty has shown that there are divisions which cannot be resolved. For the sake of simplicity, we address three of the most fundamental differences between uncertainty approaches, namely those between the objective and the subjective views of uncertainty, and those ...
Guidelines on Analysis of extremes in a changing climate in support
... in global average temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. Discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean warming, continental-average temperatures, temperature extre ...
... in global average temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. Discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean warming, continental-average temperatures, temperature extre ...
Framework for City Climate Risk Assessment
... settlements, could be serious. The gap between water supply and demand is projected to increase as drought‐affected areas expand and floods intensify. While precipitation is expected to increase in some areas, water availability is projected to eventually decrease in many regions, i ...
... settlements, could be serious. The gap between water supply and demand is projected to increase as drought‐affected areas expand and floods intensify. While precipitation is expected to increase in some areas, water availability is projected to eventually decrease in many regions, i ...
Quantifying non-cooperative climate engineering
... Although the potential of SRM to substitute or complement mitigation measures has been mostly assessed in the global context, its impacts on the strategic incentives in the context of global climate negotiations are particularly relevant, as originally suggested by Schelling (1996). Climate engineer ...
... Although the potential of SRM to substitute or complement mitigation measures has been mostly assessed in the global context, its impacts on the strategic incentives in the context of global climate negotiations are particularly relevant, as originally suggested by Schelling (1996). Climate engineer ...
Why Climate Demands Change Michael A. Taylor
... which not only demands our urgent attention but which is an issue of both local and global significance. Our lecturer, Professor Michael Taylor, locates the issues associated with climate change within the context of the Caribbean and Jamaica in particular. The argument that climate demands change i ...
... which not only demands our urgent attention but which is an issue of both local and global significance. Our lecturer, Professor Michael Taylor, locates the issues associated with climate change within the context of the Caribbean and Jamaica in particular. The argument that climate demands change i ...
Risk perception and commitment to reduce global climate change in
... reports a clear scientiic view on the current state of the earth´s climate and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although human action is not the sole cause of the changes that have taken place, future climate change caused by humans could trigger additional increases in greenh ...
... reports a clear scientiic view on the current state of the earth´s climate and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although human action is not the sole cause of the changes that have taken place, future climate change caused by humans could trigger additional increases in greenh ...
Ecological controls on net ecosystem productivity of a seasonally dry
... (Lindner et al., 2010). Net primary productivity (NPP) in these regions was expected to increase little, and in some cases to decrease, under climate change, so that many ecosystems may change from sinks to sources of C by 2100, mainly from drying caused by declining precipitation vs. rising evapotr ...
... (Lindner et al., 2010). Net primary productivity (NPP) in these regions was expected to increase little, and in some cases to decrease, under climate change, so that many ecosystems may change from sinks to sources of C by 2100, mainly from drying caused by declining precipitation vs. rising evapotr ...
The Economic Cost of Climate Change in Africa
... commissioned Practical Action Consulting to write this report in September 2009. It aims to document and analyse the economic costs of climate change in Africa. It also seeks to contribute to a more detailed understanding of the costs involved for Africa in mitigating and adapting to climate change. ...
... commissioned Practical Action Consulting to write this report in September 2009. It aims to document and analyse the economic costs of climate change in Africa. It also seeks to contribute to a more detailed understanding of the costs involved for Africa in mitigating and adapting to climate change. ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.