Slide 1
... and saw sea core bed data that indicated we might be due for another ice age. The didn't know about the fact that many of the components of the milancovic cycle all needed to fall in phase for the ice age to begin. Temps decreased for about 30 years and scientists were just starting to look at clima ...
... and saw sea core bed data that indicated we might be due for another ice age. The didn't know about the fact that many of the components of the milancovic cycle all needed to fall in phase for the ice age to begin. Temps decreased for about 30 years and scientists were just starting to look at clima ...
Bioenergetic Prediction of Climate Change
... The earth is in the midst of a pronounced warming trend, and more substantial changes in temperature, precipitation, ocean circulation, and ice dynamics are expected during the next century (Houghton et al., 2001). As evidence for widespread biological impacts of recent climate change accumulates (P ...
... The earth is in the midst of a pronounced warming trend, and more substantial changes in temperature, precipitation, ocean circulation, and ice dynamics are expected during the next century (Houghton et al., 2001). As evidence for widespread biological impacts of recent climate change accumulates (P ...
Towards threshold-based management of freshwater ecosystems in
... stakeholders are those based on measurable control variables that have a straightforward link to an ecosystem response (Table 1). The easier the climate control variable is to quantify, as well as its effect on ecosystem services, the more practical it is to implement policy and effective monitoring ...
... stakeholders are those based on measurable control variables that have a straightforward link to an ecosystem response (Table 1). The easier the climate control variable is to quantify, as well as its effect on ecosystem services, the more practical it is to implement policy and effective monitoring ...
Global/Regional/Local-Scale Climate Change - A Reality Check
... Addressing Uncertainties, Uncertainties, Committee Committee on on Radiative Radiative Forcing Forcing Effects Effects on on Climate, Climate, Climate Climate Research Research Committee, Committee, 224 ...
... Addressing Uncertainties, Uncertainties, Committee Committee on on Radiative Radiative Forcing Forcing Effects Effects on on Climate, Climate, Climate Climate Research Research Committee, Committee, 224 ...
Revisiting the Earth`s sea‐level and energy budgets from 1961
... [7] Global depletion is calculated where direct estimates are available (Figure 1 and Table S1 in the auxiliary material), and estimated for unmeasured areas outside of the U.S.A. by correlations with global pumpage estimates.1 In the U.S.A., total groundwater withdrawals in 2000 were 115 km3 [Hutso ...
... [7] Global depletion is calculated where direct estimates are available (Figure 1 and Table S1 in the auxiliary material), and estimated for unmeasured areas outside of the U.S.A. by correlations with global pumpage estimates.1 In the U.S.A., total groundwater withdrawals in 2000 were 115 km3 [Hutso ...
Reducing climate change impacts on agriculture: Global and
... The AEZ model further classifies amounts of non-arable and arable land as a function of environmental constraints. Land is classified as having severe (too cold, too wet, too steep; or having serious soil-quality constraints), moderate, slight, or no constraints to cultivation. Classification is als ...
... The AEZ model further classifies amounts of non-arable and arable land as a function of environmental constraints. Land is classified as having severe (too cold, too wet, too steep; or having serious soil-quality constraints), moderate, slight, or no constraints to cultivation. Classification is als ...
Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements
... addressed primarily to national governments and do not indicate a clear process by which local governments, stakeholders and actors may participate. Despite these challenges, the current multilevel climate change framework does offer opportunities for local action at the city level. The crux of the ...
... addressed primarily to national governments and do not indicate a clear process by which local governments, stakeholders and actors may participate. Despite these challenges, the current multilevel climate change framework does offer opportunities for local action at the city level. The crux of the ...
Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change
... equals the average coefficient of variation of the other studies. Four cases are distinguished: whether or not CO2 -enrichment of the atmosphere (at 550 ppm) is considered, and whether or not farmers adapt to the changed circumstances. The average of various adaptation scenarios is taken. None of th ...
... equals the average coefficient of variation of the other studies. Four cases are distinguished: whether or not CO2 -enrichment of the atmosphere (at 550 ppm) is considered, and whether or not farmers adapt to the changed circumstances. The average of various adaptation scenarios is taken. None of th ...
Climate change and animal health in Africa
... predictions particularly challenging. Nevertheless, observations show that the African continent is warmer than 20 years ago, with an average rate of warming of about 0.05°C per decade (17). Moreover, the African climate has, during the 20th Century, experienced wetter and drier intervals than durin ...
... predictions particularly challenging. Nevertheless, observations show that the African continent is warmer than 20 years ago, with an average rate of warming of about 0.05°C per decade (17). Moreover, the African climate has, during the 20th Century, experienced wetter and drier intervals than durin ...
Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries
... economic impacts and governance considerations. We evaluate the effectiveness of current single-species assessment models, management strategy evaluation approaches and multispecies assessment models as future management tools to cope with likely climaterelated changes. Non-spatial stock assessment ...
... economic impacts and governance considerations. We evaluate the effectiveness of current single-species assessment models, management strategy evaluation approaches and multispecies assessment models as future management tools to cope with likely climaterelated changes. Non-spatial stock assessment ...
Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events
... To what extent will measures to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions affect the future climate? ...
... To what extent will measures to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions affect the future climate? ...
A climatic basis for microrefugia: the influence of terrain on climate
... basis for explaining their existence. Investigators commonly attribute their subsistence to the presence of ‘microclimates,’ and implicit assumption that spatial variation in climate can support microrefugia. Beyond this assumption, there is little explicit understanding of the climatic processes th ...
... basis for explaining their existence. Investigators commonly attribute their subsistence to the presence of ‘microclimates,’ and implicit assumption that spatial variation in climate can support microrefugia. Beyond this assumption, there is little explicit understanding of the climatic processes th ...
A Framework for Assessing the Vulnerability of Communities in the
... activities in response to lowering water levels in lakes and rivers, which have made traditional hunting grounds increasingly inaccessible (Fox, 2002). Inuit in the Nunavik region of northern Quebec have had to make similar adjustments in response to the increasing unpredictability of the weather an ...
... activities in response to lowering water levels in lakes and rivers, which have made traditional hunting grounds increasingly inaccessible (Fox, 2002). Inuit in the Nunavik region of northern Quebec have had to make similar adjustments in response to the increasing unpredictability of the weather an ...
WtrShdMgmt20100421_316final
... increase of environmental impacts resulting from increased corn production has been the focus of a US EPA-funded modeling study. The objective has been to identify the significant factors under various climate and management conditions that are most influential in controlling the environmental impac ...
... increase of environmental impacts resulting from increased corn production has been the focus of a US EPA-funded modeling study. The objective has been to identify the significant factors under various climate and management conditions that are most influential in controlling the environmental impac ...
PDF
... climate is expected to continue to change in the future. A range of future scenarios, incorporating future greenhouse gas and aerosol precursor emissions based on assumptions concerning population and economic growth, land-use, technological changes, energy availability and fuel mix during the perio ...
... climate is expected to continue to change in the future. A range of future scenarios, incorporating future greenhouse gas and aerosol precursor emissions based on assumptions concerning population and economic growth, land-use, technological changes, energy availability and fuel mix during the perio ...
Is Strange Weather in the Air? A Study of US National Network News
... feasible to distinguish between U.S. and foreign weather events. There are several reasons why these flagship network newscasts are a good source for ascertaining whether coverage of extreme weather events has increased over time. Unlike local newscasts, the national ones do not ordinarily provide w ...
... feasible to distinguish between U.S. and foreign weather events. There are several reasons why these flagship network newscasts are a good source for ascertaining whether coverage of extreme weather events has increased over time. Unlike local newscasts, the national ones do not ordinarily provide w ...
The IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources
... • Four subject areas and three working groups • 100 – 200 scientists nominated and selected for each report (representing the best in the field and from all world regions) • Multiple scientific and government review of each report • Consensus decision by the IPCC plenary on each report • Accepted ba ...
... • Four subject areas and three working groups • 100 – 200 scientists nominated and selected for each report (representing the best in the field and from all world regions) • Multiple scientific and government review of each report • Consensus decision by the IPCC plenary on each report • Accepted ba ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
... et al. 2003, Root & Hughes 2005, Schwartz 1998, 1999; Shoo et al. 2006). The consensus is that, with proper attention to sampling and other statistical issues and through the use of scientific inference, studies of observed biological changes can provide rigorous tests of climate-change hypotheses. I ...
... et al. 2003, Root & Hughes 2005, Schwartz 1998, 1999; Shoo et al. 2006). The consensus is that, with proper attention to sampling and other statistical issues and through the use of scientific inference, studies of observed biological changes can provide rigorous tests of climate-change hypotheses. I ...
EDITORIAL The global atmospheric water cycle
... As there is a much smaller increase in the average precipitation, this means that the whole spectrum of precipitation changes (Semenov and Bengtsson 2002). As the climate warming so far has been rather modest and only about some 25% compared to the experiment used by Bengtsson et al (2009), we expec ...
... As there is a much smaller increase in the average precipitation, this means that the whole spectrum of precipitation changes (Semenov and Bengtsson 2002). As the climate warming so far has been rather modest and only about some 25% compared to the experiment used by Bengtsson et al (2009), we expec ...
High Flows and Freshet Timing in Canada: Observed Trends CCRR
... and Alberta, and northwestern and southern Ontario. Thirty-seven stations (76%) had negative slopes, showing earlier freshet, of which 11 (30%) and 14 (38%) were significant at the 0.05 and 0.10 alpha level, respectively. Twelve stations (24%) had positive slopes, showing later freshet, but only 1 s ...
... and Alberta, and northwestern and southern Ontario. Thirty-seven stations (76%) had negative slopes, showing earlier freshet, of which 11 (30%) and 14 (38%) were significant at the 0.05 and 0.10 alpha level, respectively. Twelve stations (24%) had positive slopes, showing later freshet, but only 1 s ...
On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic
... changes. Let ⌬ ln CO 2 be sustained relative change in atmospheric carbon dioxide while ⌬T is equilibrium temperature response. Narrowly defined, climate sensitivity (here denoted S 1 ) converts ⌬ ln CO 2 into ⌬T by the formula ⌬T ⬇ (S 1 /ln 2) ⫻ ⌬ ln CO 2 . As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
... changes. Let ⌬ ln CO 2 be sustained relative change in atmospheric carbon dioxide while ⌬T is equilibrium temperature response. Narrowly defined, climate sensitivity (here denoted S 1 ) converts ⌬ ln CO 2 into ⌬T by the formula ⌬T ⬇ (S 1 /ln 2) ⫻ ⌬ ln CO 2 . As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
Weitzman2009-Modeling-Economics-ClimateChange.pdf
... changes. Let ⌬ ln CO 2 be sustained relative change in atmospheric carbon dioxide while ⌬T is equilibrium temperature response. Narrowly defined, climate sensitivity (here denoted S 1 ) converts ⌬ ln CO 2 into ⌬T by the formula ⌬T ⬇ (S 1 /ln 2) ⫻ ⌬ ln CO 2 . As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
... changes. Let ⌬ ln CO 2 be sustained relative change in atmospheric carbon dioxide while ⌬T is equilibrium temperature response. Narrowly defined, climate sensitivity (here denoted S 1 ) converts ⌬ ln CO 2 into ⌬T by the formula ⌬T ⬇ (S 1 /ln 2) ⫻ ⌬ ln CO 2 . As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
Provide an initial estimate of the uncertainty in UK predicted climate
... PRUDENCE project (Christensen et al. 2002) has pooled a coordinated set of model integrations to produce a large matrix of RCM data. (Note that all acronyms used this paper, including modelling institutes, are defined in Appendix A.) These data enable the evaluation of uncertainty due to either RCM ...
... PRUDENCE project (Christensen et al. 2002) has pooled a coordinated set of model integrations to produce a large matrix of RCM data. (Note that all acronyms used this paper, including modelling institutes, are defined in Appendix A.) These data enable the evaluation of uncertainty due to either RCM ...
Emerging responses to climate change in pastoral systems
... change. It identified a wide range of technical and institutional innovations that pastoralists developed to adapt to new conditions, while seeking food security, sustainable resource management and improved governance within their socio-political units. Many of these innovations are related to main ...
... change. It identified a wide range of technical and institutional innovations that pastoralists developed to adapt to new conditions, while seeking food security, sustainable resource management and improved governance within their socio-political units. Many of these innovations are related to main ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.