Industrialization Emission - Scientific Research Publishing
... also be related to the phytoplankton growth cycle. When phytoplankton is in its normal growth phase, the relative rate of evaporation of coastal seawater and precipitation will increase. When a phytoplankton outbreak starts to die off, decomposition of the phytoplankton and other dead marine organis ...
... also be related to the phytoplankton growth cycle. When phytoplankton is in its normal growth phase, the relative rate of evaporation of coastal seawater and precipitation will increase. When a phytoplankton outbreak starts to die off, decomposition of the phytoplankton and other dead marine organis ...
New Observations Show - The Science and Public Policy Institute
... The Report next states, for example, that "recent studies show the world's oceans are heating up," which is fine; but then -- as if hoping no one will question them -- the Report says the oceans are warming, "as they absorb most of the extra heat being added to the climate system from the build-up o ...
... The Report next states, for example, that "recent studies show the world's oceans are heating up," which is fine; but then -- as if hoping no one will question them -- the Report says the oceans are warming, "as they absorb most of the extra heat being added to the climate system from the build-up o ...
Climate Change and Invasive Alien Species
... in line with the expected change for directional climate change (Box 2). The probability that the observed changes in the expected direction (with no reference to magnitude) could occur by chance alone is negligible and there is high confidence that recent changes in temperature are having discernib ...
... in line with the expected change for directional climate change (Box 2). The probability that the observed changes in the expected direction (with no reference to magnitude) could occur by chance alone is negligible and there is high confidence that recent changes in temperature are having discernib ...
People as sensors: Mass media and local temperature influence
... respondents reported a multi-decadal trend of increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall, which affected their crops. From a large survey of farmers from ten countries in different parts of Africa, Maddison (2007, p. 22) found that many of them have already noticed that the temperatures have in ...
... respondents reported a multi-decadal trend of increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall, which affected their crops. From a large survey of farmers from ten countries in different parts of Africa, Maddison (2007, p. 22) found that many of them have already noticed that the temperatures have in ...
Slide 1
... Limitations of Prescribing SSTs • Prescribed SST anomaly (i.e., AMIP-type) experiments are most effective when the ocean is primarily forcing the atmosphere. (Tropical surface heating → anomalous convection → atmospheric teleconnection patterns.) • Prescribed SST experiments are also useful in isol ...
... Limitations of Prescribing SSTs • Prescribed SST anomaly (i.e., AMIP-type) experiments are most effective when the ocean is primarily forcing the atmosphere. (Tropical surface heating → anomalous convection → atmospheric teleconnection patterns.) • Prescribed SST experiments are also useful in isol ...
NOAA 31st Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop Boulder, Colorado October 25 2006
... What attribution questions are of high relevance to decision makers, e.g., in water resources planning, agriculture, energy, and policy making for sustainable development? ...
... What attribution questions are of high relevance to decision makers, e.g., in water resources planning, agriculture, energy, and policy making for sustainable development? ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... Evans [10] investigated changes in precipitation causing mechanisms for various regions within the Middle East, due to global warming. A small increase in precipitation was predicted for the Fertile Crescent with the dominant precipitation mechanism being less associated directly with storm tracks a ...
... Evans [10] investigated changes in precipitation causing mechanisms for various regions within the Middle East, due to global warming. A small increase in precipitation was predicted for the Fertile Crescent with the dominant precipitation mechanism being less associated directly with storm tracks a ...
Evidence for carbon dioxide and moisture interactions from the leaf
... drought-like, soil moisture conditions, for C3 vs. C4 grassland, which differ in their photosynthetic pathways and water use efficiency. The four experiments performed included combinations of present day CO2 (340 ppm), and limiting soil moisture ( f0), for doubling of CO2 concentrations ( f1), and ...
... drought-like, soil moisture conditions, for C3 vs. C4 grassland, which differ in their photosynthetic pathways and water use efficiency. The four experiments performed included combinations of present day CO2 (340 ppm), and limiting soil moisture ( f0), for doubling of CO2 concentrations ( f1), and ...
The atmospheric water cycle How will it change in a
... tropical storms in a warmer climate? • We suggest the following process • Due to chance favorable conditions are likely to evolve • In such situations the mechanisms proposed by Emanuel may be applied, that means that the maximum wind speed is proportional to the sqr. of the available latent ener ...
... tropical storms in a warmer climate? • We suggest the following process • Due to chance favorable conditions are likely to evolve • In such situations the mechanisms proposed by Emanuel may be applied, that means that the maximum wind speed is proportional to the sqr. of the available latent ener ...
The Challenge of Climate Change Adaptation:
... drinking sources, and increased exposure to flood damage. 15 Other changes are also foreseeable. Snow cover will decrease in most areas, 16 and oceans will become increasingly acidic. 17 Even moderate climate change will trigger significant extinctions, 18 and extreme events such as fires, floods, a ...
... drinking sources, and increased exposure to flood damage. 15 Other changes are also foreseeable. Snow cover will decrease in most areas, 16 and oceans will become increasingly acidic. 17 Even moderate climate change will trigger significant extinctions, 18 and extreme events such as fires, floods, a ...
A Tipping-Elements Expedition in the Footsteps of
... Over the past half century sea-surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific have increased, with an El Niño-like trend pattern, i.e., stronger warming in the East relative to the West. However, according to Latif and Keenlyside (2009), sea-surface temperatures do not yet provide unambiguous eviden ...
... Over the past half century sea-surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific have increased, with an El Niño-like trend pattern, i.e., stronger warming in the East relative to the West. However, according to Latif and Keenlyside (2009), sea-surface temperatures do not yet provide unambiguous eviden ...
Climate Change Adaptation Guideline
... infrastructure” as one of six key sectors to fill critical knowledge gaps needed by decision makers. The National Climate Change Adaptation Research Plan9 was developed to address key issues and set a national precedence for all of industry to benchmark. There are varying requirements in each state ...
... infrastructure” as one of six key sectors to fill critical knowledge gaps needed by decision makers. The National Climate Change Adaptation Research Plan9 was developed to address key issues and set a national precedence for all of industry to benchmark. There are varying requirements in each state ...
Downscaling climate change scenarios for apple pest and disease
... Note that assumptions inherent in many climate projections are that the range of model uncertainty is fully sampled by the available model projections, and that systematic model biases do not change with time. These assumptions were also made here (for more details, see Fischer et al., 2011). Despit ...
... Note that assumptions inherent in many climate projections are that the range of model uncertainty is fully sampled by the available model projections, and that systematic model biases do not change with time. These assumptions were also made here (for more details, see Fischer et al., 2011). Despit ...
Time-Dependent Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change
... GCM simulating the present climate and ocean circulation, including the buoyancy field, in a dynamically consistent manner Using appropriate sources, the distributions ol transient and other tracers such as temperature-salinity relationships, 14 C, tritium and CFCs are then inferred as a separate, c ...
... GCM simulating the present climate and ocean circulation, including the buoyancy field, in a dynamically consistent manner Using appropriate sources, the distributions ol transient and other tracers such as temperature-salinity relationships, 14 C, tritium and CFCs are then inferred as a separate, c ...
Mao et al., 2016. - Site BU
... anomalies. a–c, The D&A analysis was performed over land of the NEL on ensemble-mean 1982–2011 time series of LAI anomalies. Response patterns were derived from CMIP5 simulations accounting for both anthropogenic and natural forcings (ALL, in red), or greenhouse gas forcings only (GHG, in green), in ...
... anomalies. a–c, The D&A analysis was performed over land of the NEL on ensemble-mean 1982–2011 time series of LAI anomalies. Response patterns were derived from CMIP5 simulations accounting for both anthropogenic and natural forcings (ALL, in red), or greenhouse gas forcings only (GHG, in green), in ...
CLIMATE CHANGE FORUM: Favouring a green economy and sustainable urban development
... Some of the changes in extreme weather and climate events observed since about 1950 have been linked to human influence ...
... Some of the changes in extreme weather and climate events observed since about 1950 have been linked to human influence ...
Arctic Environmental Change of the Last Four Centuries
... high sulfate loading with the onset of Arctic cold events suggests that eruptions entrain positive ocean feedbacks capable of enhancing and prolonging Arctic cooling. For example, the anomalous early 19thcentury period of frequent large sulfur-producing eruptions seems to have helped precipitate the ...
... high sulfate loading with the onset of Arctic cold events suggests that eruptions entrain positive ocean feedbacks capable of enhancing and prolonging Arctic cooling. For example, the anomalous early 19thcentury period of frequent large sulfur-producing eruptions seems to have helped precipitate the ...
Climate change and journalistic norms: A case - UNC
... that human activities have contributed signiWcantly to global climate change. However, over time, the United States has refused to join concerted international eVorts – such as the Kyoto Protocol – to curb human activities contributing to climate change. US newspaper and television media constitute ...
... that human activities have contributed signiWcantly to global climate change. However, over time, the United States has refused to join concerted international eVorts – such as the Kyoto Protocol – to curb human activities contributing to climate change. US newspaper and television media constitute ...
Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage V
... that human activities have contributed signiWcantly to global climate change. However, over time, the United States has refused to join concerted international eVorts – such as the Kyoto Protocol – to curb human activities contributing to climate change. US newspaper and television media constitute ...
... that human activities have contributed signiWcantly to global climate change. However, over time, the United States has refused to join concerted international eVorts – such as the Kyoto Protocol – to curb human activities contributing to climate change. US newspaper and television media constitute ...
PDF
... ITCZ trails the position of maximum surface heating associated with the north/south displacement of the overhead position of the sun, the equatorial region have two rainy seasons while most of the other regions of the continent have only one distinct rainy period during the year (ibid.). Despite the ...
... ITCZ trails the position of maximum surface heating associated with the north/south displacement of the overhead position of the sun, the equatorial region have two rainy seasons while most of the other regions of the continent have only one distinct rainy period during the year (ibid.). Despite the ...
Dangerous human-made interference with climate
... modelE documented by Schmidt et al. (2006), hereafter modelE (2006). Specifically, we attach the model III version of atmospheric modelE to the computationally efficient ocean model of Russell et al. (1995). This coupled model and its climate sensitivity have been documented by a large set of simula ...
... modelE documented by Schmidt et al. (2006), hereafter modelE (2006). Specifically, we attach the model III version of atmospheric modelE to the computationally efficient ocean model of Russell et al. (1995). This coupled model and its climate sensitivity have been documented by a large set of simula ...
- Wiley Online Library
... meteorological stations across the world0 s land areas. Harris et al. (2014) compared it with other datasets and found a very good agreement for South America. Gridded data matched observations of temperatures much better than those of precipitation, and regional variation in performance indicated t ...
... meteorological stations across the world0 s land areas. Harris et al. (2014) compared it with other datasets and found a very good agreement for South America. Gridded data matched observations of temperatures much better than those of precipitation, and regional variation in performance indicated t ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Australia
... rise means climate change cannot be reversed for many centuries.11 The critical issue is to stop the situation getting worse and to begin to adapt to the changes that are already underway. Because of this lag between the build up of greenhouse gas emissions and increases in global temperatures most ...
... rise means climate change cannot be reversed for many centuries.11 The critical issue is to stop the situation getting worse and to begin to adapt to the changes that are already underway. Because of this lag between the build up of greenhouse gas emissions and increases in global temperatures most ...
Nature template
... The ability of each taxonomic group to cope with temperature increase (and hence, the potential mismatch between groups) should also depend on the biogeographic, socioeconomic and conservation context. When calculated at the country-level, we found that the temporal trend in CTI was positive and hig ...
... The ability of each taxonomic group to cope with temperature increase (and hence, the potential mismatch between groups) should also depend on the biogeographic, socioeconomic and conservation context. When calculated at the country-level, we found that the temporal trend in CTI was positive and hig ...
Exercise 5: Identifying and ranking adaptive capacity
... specific fields) to raise the public awareness Regional Best Practices (adaptation, reducing ghgemissions, environmental education, technologies) Concrete information about climate change impacts Political support (federal state level) ...
... specific fields) to raise the public awareness Regional Best Practices (adaptation, reducing ghgemissions, environmental education, technologies) Concrete information about climate change impacts Political support (federal state level) ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.