SEACAMd
... • Medium confidence in an moderate increase in rainfall over continental Southeast Asia. • To the south there is generally a drying although this may not be significant relative to the natural decadal variations in this region. ...
... • Medium confidence in an moderate increase in rainfall over continental Southeast Asia. • To the south there is generally a drying although this may not be significant relative to the natural decadal variations in this region. ...
climate change and biodiversity for food and agriculture
... reservoirs • Pollinator sanctuaries ...
... reservoirs • Pollinator sanctuaries ...
UNDP-TACC Pilot project Uruguay
... The science of climate change is limited to a few experts, most of who are within the Climate Change Unit («Unidad de Cambio Climático») of the Ministry of Environment or scattered in some key Ministries such as Agriculture. Few policy-makers and stakeholders are aware of the magnitude of anticipate ...
... The science of climate change is limited to a few experts, most of who are within the Climate Change Unit («Unidad de Cambio Climático») of the Ministry of Environment or scattered in some key Ministries such as Agriculture. Few policy-makers and stakeholders are aware of the magnitude of anticipate ...
Effects of climate change on agriculture - Deltaproof
... The expected climate changes related to the temperature and the increase in de CO2 concentration are having a positive effect on crop production in Europe. These effects differ per crop and per agricultural system. Arable farming in the Netherlands is rather vulnerable with regard to the expected in ...
... The expected climate changes related to the temperature and the increase in de CO2 concentration are having a positive effect on crop production in Europe. These effects differ per crop and per agricultural system. Arable farming in the Netherlands is rather vulnerable with regard to the expected in ...
Understanding Uncertainties in Future Colorado River Streamflow
... suggests that even the existing tree-ring based flow reconstructions may underestimate the magnitude ...
... suggests that even the existing tree-ring based flow reconstructions may underestimate the magnitude ...
4.3 Approach to CLIMATE CHANGE Scenario Development
... the regional scale in many other key variables, such as precipitation, are uncertain for most regions. Even if the direction of change is likely, there can be uncertainty about the magnitude and path of change. Scenarios are tools to help envision how regional climates may change with increased gree ...
... the regional scale in many other key variables, such as precipitation, are uncertain for most regions. Even if the direction of change is likely, there can be uncertainty about the magnitude and path of change. Scenarios are tools to help envision how regional climates may change with increased gree ...
Shifting thresholds Climate Climate Change Effects on the
... 4. Semi-arid rangelands will be at lower risk of shrub encroachment and encroachment will be less intense under future climatic conditions. This finding holds in spite of elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 and irrespective of changes in precipitation pattern, because of the drought sensitivity of ger ...
... 4. Semi-arid rangelands will be at lower risk of shrub encroachment and encroachment will be less intense under future climatic conditions. This finding holds in spite of elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 and irrespective of changes in precipitation pattern, because of the drought sensitivity of ger ...
Climate change drives a shift in peatland ecosystem plant
... accumulation, and increased variance of the plant community composition and pore water pH through time. A temperature increase of +4 °C appeared to be a threshold for increased vascular plant abundance; however the magnitude of change was species dependent. Elevated temperature combined with elevate ...
... accumulation, and increased variance of the plant community composition and pore water pH through time. A temperature increase of +4 °C appeared to be a threshold for increased vascular plant abundance; however the magnitude of change was species dependent. Elevated temperature combined with elevate ...
The language of climate change adaptation
... of natural, social and economic systems, and to take advantage of any opportunities – German adaptation strategy. o Adaptation involves “acknowledging that the climate is changing, understanding how these changes may affect nature and society, and making choices that will mitigate or minimise the ne ...
... of natural, social and economic systems, and to take advantage of any opportunities – German adaptation strategy. o Adaptation involves “acknowledging that the climate is changing, understanding how these changes may affect nature and society, and making choices that will mitigate or minimise the ne ...
Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change
... is accorded reduced weight in the analysis and error estimates are augmented. Neither RSOI nor OA can reproduce trends reliably (Hurrell and Trenberth, 1999); the data must therefore first be detrended by, for example, using the covariance matrix to estimate the temperature anomaly pattern associate ...
... is accorded reduced weight in the analysis and error estimates are augmented. Neither RSOI nor OA can reproduce trends reliably (Hurrell and Trenberth, 1999); the data must therefore first be detrended by, for example, using the covariance matrix to estimate the temperature anomaly pattern associate ...
Slide 1
... with the unprecedented, legally enforced ambition of limiting and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. – Annex-I countries have a target to bring down the GHG emission, individually or jointly, by at least by 5%below 1990 levels in the first commitment period of 2008 to 2012. – Countries are to ma ...
... with the unprecedented, legally enforced ambition of limiting and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. – Annex-I countries have a target to bring down the GHG emission, individually or jointly, by at least by 5%below 1990 levels in the first commitment period of 2008 to 2012. – Countries are to ma ...
Regional Security Implications of Climate Change A
... Climate change will negatively impact Africa and will likely stall or reverse development progress made towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The belt of fragility running along the Sahel zone from West to East Africa will likely be re-enforced and potentially widened by climate change ...
... Climate change will negatively impact Africa and will likely stall or reverse development progress made towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The belt of fragility running along the Sahel zone from West to East Africa will likely be re-enforced and potentially widened by climate change ...
An NPS Framework for Addressing Climate Change with Cultural
... the resource. An integrated vulnerability assessment—addressing vulnerabilities of both cultural and natural resources in the same park—was conducted for Badlands National Park (Amberg et al. 2012), although this may not be appropriate in all places. Monitoring techniques track climate impacts, and ...
... the resource. An integrated vulnerability assessment—addressing vulnerabilities of both cultural and natural resources in the same park—was conducted for Badlands National Park (Amberg et al. 2012), although this may not be appropriate in all places. Monitoring techniques track climate impacts, and ...
What range of future scenarios should climate change policy be based on? -Modal falsificationism and its limitations
... Because the graph itself does not display the results from all emission scenarios, the range it indicates is slightly smaller than the corresponding range in the TAR (figure 1); but the bars at right, comprising all emission scenarios, span a slightly wider range than in the TAR, namely from 1.1 - 6 ...
... Because the graph itself does not display the results from all emission scenarios, the range it indicates is slightly smaller than the corresponding range in the TAR (figure 1); but the bars at right, comprising all emission scenarios, span a slightly wider range than in the TAR, namely from 1.1 - 6 ...
Gary Yohe - Evaulating Adaptation Methods
... along its banks. The upper threshold that has been set arbitrarily at 120% of the 50-year mean could, for example, indicate annual flows above which significant flooding might occur with unacceptable frequency. The lower threshold, meanwhile set at 80% of the 50-year mean, might indicate annual flow ...
... along its banks. The upper threshold that has been set arbitrarily at 120% of the 50-year mean could, for example, indicate annual flows above which significant flooding might occur with unacceptable frequency. The lower threshold, meanwhile set at 80% of the 50-year mean, might indicate annual flow ...
Winter precipitation and cyclones in the Mediterranean region: future
... experiment) and two for future conditions (2071–2100) carried out with the regional climate model RegCM under the IPCC A2 and B2 emission scenarios. The A2 is a high emission scenario, lying towards the high end of the IPCC range, while the B2 is a low emission scenario lying towards the low end of ...
... experiment) and two for future conditions (2071–2100) carried out with the regional climate model RegCM under the IPCC A2 and B2 emission scenarios. The A2 is a high emission scenario, lying towards the high end of the IPCC range, while the B2 is a low emission scenario lying towards the low end of ...
Chapter 1 - Open Knowledge Repository
... product (GDP), at least in poor countries. An examination of year-to-year variations in temperature (relative to a country’s average) shows that anomalously warm years reduce both the current level and subsequent growth rate of GDP in developing countries.19 Consecutive warm years might be expected ...
... product (GDP), at least in poor countries. An examination of year-to-year variations in temperature (relative to a country’s average) shows that anomalously warm years reduce both the current level and subsequent growth rate of GDP in developing countries.19 Consecutive warm years might be expected ...
The Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM1
... heat flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) in piControl is positive, but smaller than 0.1 Wm−2 . More than 99 % of this excess heat is transferred to the oceans, which experience a statistically significant temperature increase. There are also small negative trends in the ocean salinity, the winte ...
... heat flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) in piControl is positive, but smaller than 0.1 Wm−2 . More than 99 % of this excess heat is transferred to the oceans, which experience a statistically significant temperature increase. There are also small negative trends in the ocean salinity, the winte ...
climate change adaptation in serbia: the role of information networks
... diffusion and exchange of information/knowledge represent a keyreinforcement of a green transition in economy and society. The importance of information networks becomes even more visible in societies exposed to severe economic, social and environmental problems and limitations, caused by sensitive ...
... diffusion and exchange of information/knowledge represent a keyreinforcement of a green transition in economy and society. The importance of information networks becomes even more visible in societies exposed to severe economic, social and environmental problems and limitations, caused by sensitive ...
concept paper 22 april DD
... having both efficiency benefits and equity and empowerment benefits. Multiple experiences have pointed to the difficulties of precisely dividing such impacts as new capacities in one area (eg. confidence and negotiating skills) have often led to the material acquisition of resources2. A third set of ...
... having both efficiency benefits and equity and empowerment benefits. Multiple experiences have pointed to the difficulties of precisely dividing such impacts as new capacities in one area (eg. confidence and negotiating skills) have often led to the material acquisition of resources2. A third set of ...
Public Enemy No. 1? Understanding Media Representations of
... What Happened to Global Warming? “Bring the (Signals and) Noise” Numerous events in recent years have recalibrated “contrarian” considerations in the public arena. For example, in October 2009, possibilities for “global cooling” (echoing claims made in the 1970s) permeated mass media accounts. The n ...
... What Happened to Global Warming? “Bring the (Signals and) Noise” Numerous events in recent years have recalibrated “contrarian” considerations in the public arena. For example, in October 2009, possibilities for “global cooling” (echoing claims made in the 1970s) permeated mass media accounts. The n ...
The Point of No Return - Exploring Law on Cross
... definition of torture as the infliction of severe pain or suffering by a public official for an enumerated purpose such as punishment or obtaining a confession (see also McAdam and Sau 2008). It could also seem far-fetched to call a disaster cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. In some cases, rath ...
... definition of torture as the infliction of severe pain or suffering by a public official for an enumerated purpose such as punishment or obtaining a confession (see also McAdam and Sau 2008). It could also seem far-fetched to call a disaster cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. In some cases, rath ...
10584_2014_1078_MOESM1_ESM
... signature, ratification with signature, acceptance, approval, or succession. Previous research on primarily highincome countries15 found the ESI was statistically associated with adaptation outcomes in the health sector. Data were available for 99 countries. Source: Yale Centre for Environmental Law ...
... signature, ratification with signature, acceptance, approval, or succession. Previous research on primarily highincome countries15 found the ESI was statistically associated with adaptation outcomes in the health sector. Data were available for 99 countries. Source: Yale Centre for Environmental Law ...
Importance of stream temperature to climate change impact on water
... and diffuse sources are prescribed, stream temperature undergoes a sinusoidal annual cycle constrained by observations, and runoff is calculated by a physically-based land surface model. The reference simulation, using meteorological forcing of 1986–1990 and point sources of 1991, compares very well ...
... and diffuse sources are prescribed, stream temperature undergoes a sinusoidal annual cycle constrained by observations, and runoff is calculated by a physically-based land surface model. The reference simulation, using meteorological forcing of 1986–1990 and point sources of 1991, compares very well ...
Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development
... by reducing agricultural productivity, as well as hindering human health and economic development; water scarcity can also lead to additional environmental stress, as well as increase tensions within and between nations sharing water resources. North African countries are most in danger of experienc ...
... by reducing agricultural productivity, as well as hindering human health and economic development; water scarcity can also lead to additional environmental stress, as well as increase tensions within and between nations sharing water resources. North African countries are most in danger of experienc ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.