Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... We quantified the climate sensitivity of shrub growth—that is, the strength of relationship between annual growth and climate variables (including temperature and precipitation, specific calculations described below)—to test four hypotheses: 1) The greatest climate sensitivity of growth should occur ...
... We quantified the climate sensitivity of shrub growth—that is, the strength of relationship between annual growth and climate variables (including temperature and precipitation, specific calculations described below)—to test four hypotheses: 1) The greatest climate sensitivity of growth should occur ...
Protected areas, climate change and disaster mitigation
... world. During the 1960s and 1970s, more than 90 per cent of the natural disasters in the United States were the result of weather or climate extremes, in particular due to increased precipitation; and the magnitude, frequency and cost of these extreme hydrological events in some regions of North Ame ...
... world. During the 1960s and 1970s, more than 90 per cent of the natural disasters in the United States were the result of weather or climate extremes, in particular due to increased precipitation; and the magnitude, frequency and cost of these extreme hydrological events in some regions of North Ame ...
Climate change and integrated analysis of mountain
... et al. 1993); (ii) a potential water supply associated with summer melt of the frozen soil-sediment at the surface; and (iii) rain-on-snow events, as the induced snow melt is equivalent in effect to an increase in rainfall intensity, which may be critical to mobilisation (e.g. Montgomery et al. 1997 ...
... et al. 1993); (ii) a potential water supply associated with summer melt of the frozen soil-sediment at the surface; and (iii) rain-on-snow events, as the induced snow melt is equivalent in effect to an increase in rainfall intensity, which may be critical to mobilisation (e.g. Montgomery et al. 1997 ...
Environmental refugees: The impact of climate change on emigration
... does an individual then go to? While existing work shed light on migration flows due to variability in the weather and climatic shocks (see, e.g., Reuveny 2007; McLeman 2014), the focus – so far – has been on the mobility within the state. Implicitly, previous studies thus suggest that migration flo ...
... does an individual then go to? While existing work shed light on migration flows due to variability in the weather and climatic shocks (see, e.g., Reuveny 2007; McLeman 2014), the focus – so far – has been on the mobility within the state. Implicitly, previous studies thus suggest that migration flo ...
Hasan, F.A. Human Agency, Climate Change, and Culture
... local and regional scales within an interregional framework, that we can begin to detect the differential impact of the same climatic event. I wish here to emphasize the rigor needed to make any assertion of the causal role of climate. It is misleading, for example, to list the frequency of radiocar ...
... local and regional scales within an interregional framework, that we can begin to detect the differential impact of the same climatic event. I wish here to emphasize the rigor needed to make any assertion of the causal role of climate. It is misleading, for example, to list the frequency of radiocar ...
Climate Change Awareness - Minnesota Department of Health
... Fritze J, Blashki GA, Burke S, Wiseman J. 2008. Hope, despair and transformation: Climate change and the promotion of mental health and wellbeing. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2: 13. Frumkin et. al, 2008. Framing Public Health Matters, Climate Change: the Public Health Response, H ...
... Fritze J, Blashki GA, Burke S, Wiseman J. 2008. Hope, despair and transformation: Climate change and the promotion of mental health and wellbeing. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2: 13. Frumkin et. al, 2008. Framing Public Health Matters, Climate Change: the Public Health Response, H ...
Climate Change Impacts and Responses in Bangladesh
... increased drainage congestion due to higher water levels, which will be exacerbated by other factors associated with climate change such as siltation of estuary branches in line with increased surface runoff, and higher riverbed levels. Higher temperatures will result in increased glacier melt, incr ...
... increased drainage congestion due to higher water levels, which will be exacerbated by other factors associated with climate change such as siltation of estuary branches in line with increased surface runoff, and higher riverbed levels. Higher temperatures will result in increased glacier melt, incr ...
Chapter 19 Climate Change Effects on Watershed Processes in
... Historical trends1 in air temperature and precipitation provide important context against which future climate projections may be evaluated. Trend results, however, vary with the time period of analysis (i.e., 30, 50, 00 years), and in particular with the starting point of any trend calculation. Cl ...
... Historical trends1 in air temperature and precipitation provide important context against which future climate projections may be evaluated. Trend results, however, vary with the time period of analysis (i.e., 30, 50, 00 years), and in particular with the starting point of any trend calculation. Cl ...
Climate change and disaster management
... in a sustainable fashion then reducing the impact of disasters is an urgent priority (Middleton and O’Keefe, 2001; DFID, 2004a; UNDP, 2004a; Wisner and Walker, 2005). The data mentioned above refer to losses stemming from natural disasters of all types; however, there is mounting concern about the i ...
... in a sustainable fashion then reducing the impact of disasters is an urgent priority (Middleton and O’Keefe, 2001; DFID, 2004a; UNDP, 2004a; Wisner and Walker, 2005). The data mentioned above refer to losses stemming from natural disasters of all types; however, there is mounting concern about the i ...
Evaluation of Climate Mitigation Potential for Yeniçağa Gölü (Bolu
... Change (IPCC), 2007). Even if the minimum predicted increase takes place, it will be larger than any century-long trend in the last 10,000 years (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007). It is not only a threat to the biodiversity of the world but it is expected to cause other global ...
... Change (IPCC), 2007). Even if the minimum predicted increase takes place, it will be larger than any century-long trend in the last 10,000 years (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007). It is not only a threat to the biodiversity of the world but it is expected to cause other global ...
1. Climate Catastrophe - Global Commons Institute
... themselves from the report, continue to remain on the list. 12 Examples of flagrant misrepresentation in the report are rife. On the list, for instance, is “prominent scientist” Ray Kurzweil – not a scientist but an inventor. Worse, Kurzweil is not even a global warming skeptic. Rather, he argued th ...
... themselves from the report, continue to remain on the list. 12 Examples of flagrant misrepresentation in the report are rife. On the list, for instance, is “prominent scientist” Ray Kurzweil – not a scientist but an inventor. Worse, Kurzweil is not even a global warming skeptic. Rather, he argued th ...
Climate Risk and Business
... gas emission scenarios (A2, A1B and B2) point at future increases between 0.7–1.2°C and 1.2–2.2°C from the 1961–1990 baseline to the 2020s and 2050s respectively.5 However, empirical downscaling of 14 GCMs for the A2 greenhouse gas emission scenario shows possible temperature increases of 6°C by the ...
... gas emission scenarios (A2, A1B and B2) point at future increases between 0.7–1.2°C and 1.2–2.2°C from the 1961–1990 baseline to the 2020s and 2050s respectively.5 However, empirical downscaling of 14 GCMs for the A2 greenhouse gas emission scenario shows possible temperature increases of 6°C by the ...
Climate extremes and ozone pollution: a growing threat to China`s
... then assessing how such changes have affected crop growth and productivity through simulations using the DLEM-Ag (Tian et al. 2011, Ren et al. 2012). These time- series historical gridded data (10 km × 10 km) include climate change, tropospheric O3, atmospheric CO2, land- cover/land- use change ( ...
... then assessing how such changes have affected crop growth and productivity through simulations using the DLEM-Ag (Tian et al. 2011, Ren et al. 2012). These time- series historical gridded data (10 km × 10 km) include climate change, tropospheric O3, atmospheric CO2, land- cover/land- use change ( ...
California Climate Extremes Workshop Report Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA
... anywhere in the U.S., including the Gulf Coast states. For example, in the winter of 1862 storms pummeled the state for weeks, causing widespread flooding and monumental damage. A similar event could cause a half trillion dollars in losses if it occurred today. On the other hand, California’s histor ...
... anywhere in the U.S., including the Gulf Coast states. For example, in the winter of 1862 storms pummeled the state for weeks, causing widespread flooding and monumental damage. A similar event could cause a half trillion dollars in losses if it occurred today. On the other hand, California’s histor ...
Impact of climate change on photochemical air pollution in Southern
... The global models do not provide a consistent picture of the response of urban ozone levels to climate change. Regional air quality models have been used to assess local air quality effects while incorporating global-scale changes. Racherla and Adams (2008) reported longer future ozone seasons and i ...
... The global models do not provide a consistent picture of the response of urban ozone levels to climate change. Regional air quality models have been used to assess local air quality effects while incorporating global-scale changes. Racherla and Adams (2008) reported longer future ozone seasons and i ...
US Food Security and Climate Change
... current and expected production and distribution gains for staple crops based on best available data and modeling from private and public sources; (2) quantify production gaps and prioritize critical public/private research and collaborations to meet production/distribution needs; and (3) identify k ...
... current and expected production and distribution gains for staple crops based on best available data and modeling from private and public sources; (2) quantify production gaps and prioritize critical public/private research and collaborations to meet production/distribution needs; and (3) identify k ...
Executive Report
... Arup and with Network Rail, has derived from its research on Tomorrow’s Railway and Climate Change Adaptation. The overall objectives of the research project were to enhance and disseminate knowledge within the GB railway industry about how climate and weather are projected to change in the future, ...
... Arup and with Network Rail, has derived from its research on Tomorrow’s Railway and Climate Change Adaptation. The overall objectives of the research project were to enhance and disseminate knowledge within the GB railway industry about how climate and weather are projected to change in the future, ...
Sea Level Rise - Sarasota Bay Estuary Program
... has been similar to the global average of 6 to ...
... has been similar to the global average of 6 to ...
ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DEPARTEMENT D`ECONOMIE
... rose sharply. Clearly, economic deprivation thus induces people to migrate, but it can also simply be in order to avoid the same event happening in the future. For example, even one year after the Hurricane Katrina had passed, Louisiana had a 4.87% lower population due to emigration (Les [10]). In I ...
... rose sharply. Clearly, economic deprivation thus induces people to migrate, but it can also simply be in order to avoid the same event happening in the future. For example, even one year after the Hurricane Katrina had passed, Louisiana had a 4.87% lower population due to emigration (Les [10]). In I ...
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE RUNOFF REGIME OF AN
... historical data analyses have illustrated an overall rise in global surface air temperature by about 0.5°C– 1.1 °C. The analysis of historical global surface temperature data since 1850 has also revealed that eleven of the recent twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the warmest years (IPCC, 2007). As ...
... historical data analyses have illustrated an overall rise in global surface air temperature by about 0.5°C– 1.1 °C. The analysis of historical global surface temperature data since 1850 has also revealed that eleven of the recent twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the warmest years (IPCC, 2007). As ...
impact of climate change on the runoff regime of an eastern
... historical data analyses have illustrated an overall rise in global surface air temperature by about 0.5°C– 1.1°C. The analysis of historical global surface temperature data since 1850 has also revealed that eleven of the recent twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the warmest years (IPCC, 2007). As ...
... historical data analyses have illustrated an overall rise in global surface air temperature by about 0.5°C– 1.1°C. The analysis of historical global surface temperature data since 1850 has also revealed that eleven of the recent twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the warmest years (IPCC, 2007). As ...
Observed Climate Change and the Negligible Global Effect of
... its established existence and influence, this natural cycle is often overlooked or ignored in zealous attempts to paint the current climate of Alaska as being one primarily molded by the emissions from anthropogenic industrial activities. In truth, the climate of Alaska and the ecosystems influenced ...
... its established existence and influence, this natural cycle is often overlooked or ignored in zealous attempts to paint the current climate of Alaska as being one primarily molded by the emissions from anthropogenic industrial activities. In truth, the climate of Alaska and the ecosystems influenced ...
Climate Change Regulation and PRediCtion maRkets
... carbon is the estimate of the external damages of greenhouse gas emissions. And to re-emphasize Pindyck’s point, current estimates of economic damages stand on even more tenuous footing. To address this, a climate prediction market might go beyond climate conditions and be extended to predicting the ...
... carbon is the estimate of the external damages of greenhouse gas emissions. And to re-emphasize Pindyck’s point, current estimates of economic damages stand on even more tenuous footing. To address this, a climate prediction market might go beyond climate conditions and be extended to predicting the ...
Apocalypse Soon? Dire Messages Reduce Belief in Global
... values indicating higher skepticism. In addition to the sevenitem battery, there was one item that asked, “Overall, how willing are you to change your current lifestyle in order to reduce your carbon footprint (i.e., to decrease the amount of greenhouse gases you emit both directly and indirectly)?” ...
... values indicating higher skepticism. In addition to the sevenitem battery, there was one item that asked, “Overall, how willing are you to change your current lifestyle in order to reduce your carbon footprint (i.e., to decrease the amount of greenhouse gases you emit both directly and indirectly)?” ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.