How limiting factors drive agricultural adaptation to climate change.
... the September to April time-frame, and many areas of Hawke’s Bay experienced extreme drought conditions receiving less than half their normal rainfall. As a result, there were decreased flows for the region’s rivers as well. Long-term data analysis of 11 regional sites showed that the majority (9/11) ...
... the September to April time-frame, and many areas of Hawke’s Bay experienced extreme drought conditions receiving less than half their normal rainfall. As a result, there were decreased flows for the region’s rivers as well. Long-term data analysis of 11 regional sites showed that the majority (9/11) ...
- CReaTE - Canterbury Christ Church University
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been rising since pre-industrial times, and by an average of 1.6% per year for the last 30 years (Rogner et al., 2007). Without policy interventions, they are expected to continue to rise in the future, with the likely effect of increased average glo ...
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been rising since pre-industrial times, and by an average of 1.6% per year for the last 30 years (Rogner et al., 2007). Without policy interventions, they are expected to continue to rise in the future, with the likely effect of increased average glo ...
Combustion of available fossil fuel resources
... long lifetime of perturbations to atmospheric CO2 concentrations in conjunction with the logarithmic nature of the warming versus CO2 relationship means that global mean temperatures decline by less than 5% per thousand years once more than about 5000 GtC have been emitted. Instead, temperatures rem ...
... long lifetime of perturbations to atmospheric CO2 concentrations in conjunction with the logarithmic nature of the warming versus CO2 relationship means that global mean temperatures decline by less than 5% per thousand years once more than about 5000 GtC have been emitted. Instead, temperatures rem ...
Climate Change, Human Rights and the Problem of Motivation
... subsistence and to health. These rights are usually considered to be positive rights. In line with the minimalist approach I have introduced above, I will instead consider them as negative rights. I assess how climate change threatens them by using mainly the 2007 IPCC Report,10 the most authoritati ...
... subsistence and to health. These rights are usually considered to be positive rights. In line with the minimalist approach I have introduced above, I will instead consider them as negative rights. I assess how climate change threatens them by using mainly the 2007 IPCC Report,10 the most authoritati ...
Anticipated Effects of Climate Change on Coastal
... (more land) and southern (less land) mid-latitude oceans, combined with tropical warming, the Northern Hemisphere Hadley Cell is predicted to decrease in intensity while that of the Southern Hemisphere will increase in intensity [9]. It is still unclear how these future shifts in the Hadley Cell mig ...
... (more land) and southern (less land) mid-latitude oceans, combined with tropical warming, the Northern Hemisphere Hadley Cell is predicted to decrease in intensity while that of the Southern Hemisphere will increase in intensity [9]. It is still unclear how these future shifts in the Hadley Cell mig ...
A review of ENSO and Climate Change
... AR4 Chapter 10: In summary, all models show continued ENSO interannual variability in the future no matter what the change in average background conditions, but changes in ENSO interannual variability differ from model to model. Based on various assessments of the current multi-model archive, in whi ...
... AR4 Chapter 10: In summary, all models show continued ENSO interannual variability in the future no matter what the change in average background conditions, but changes in ENSO interannual variability differ from model to model. Based on various assessments of the current multi-model archive, in whi ...
how will new zealand`s forests respond to climate
... 0.3° to 0.7°C during the last 100 years is consistent with the effects of an increase in greenhouse gases. Globally, the warmest years this century have occurred during the last decade (Jones et al. 1988) and the temperature in New Zealand is probably warmer now than it has been for several thousand ...
... 0.3° to 0.7°C during the last 100 years is consistent with the effects of an increase in greenhouse gases. Globally, the warmest years this century have occurred during the last decade (Jones et al. 1988) and the temperature in New Zealand is probably warmer now than it has been for several thousand ...
rapid climate change - BADC
... The Gulf Stream In the Florida Straits, colleagues in the US measure the flow based on the way that sea water conducts electricity. As the Gulf Stream moves through the Earth’s magnetic field it induces variable electric currents in the telephone cable lying on the seabed from Florida to the Bahamas ...
... The Gulf Stream In the Florida Straits, colleagues in the US measure the flow based on the way that sea water conducts electricity. As the Gulf Stream moves through the Earth’s magnetic field it induces variable electric currents in the telephone cable lying on the seabed from Florida to the Bahamas ...
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... climate on productivity but also the adaptation response by farmers to local climate. This farmer behavior is important because it mitigates the problems associated with less than optimal environmental conditions. Analyses that do not include efficient adaptation (such as the early agronomic studies ...
... climate on productivity but also the adaptation response by farmers to local climate. This farmer behavior is important because it mitigates the problems associated with less than optimal environmental conditions. Analyses that do not include efficient adaptation (such as the early agronomic studies ...
Academic paper : Effects of global climate change on marine
... The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of WWF. The material and the geographical designations in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF concerning the legal status of any country, terri ...
... The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of WWF. The material and the geographical designations in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF concerning the legal status of any country, terri ...
changes in high flows in Sweden in the past and the future (1911
... Revised: 21 December 2014 – Accepted: 7 January 2015 – Published: 4 February 2015 ...
... Revised: 21 December 2014 – Accepted: 7 January 2015 – Published: 4 February 2015 ...
rapid climate change
... The Gulf Stream In the Florida Straits, colleagues in the US measure the flow based on the way that sea water conducts electricity. As the Gulf Stream moves through the Earth’s magnetic field it induces variable electric currents in the telephone cable lying on the seabed from Florida to the Bahamas ...
... The Gulf Stream In the Florida Straits, colleagues in the US measure the flow based on the way that sea water conducts electricity. As the Gulf Stream moves through the Earth’s magnetic field it induces variable electric currents in the telephone cable lying on the seabed from Florida to the Bahamas ...
Public Perception of Climate Change Adaptation
... reforestation. However, these practices have proven to be remarkably slow and difficult to implement at best. Even if so, their impact on global climate change will not be noticed in decades to come due to the longevity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere [2]. Thus, adaptation to climate change im ...
... reforestation. However, these practices have proven to be remarkably slow and difficult to implement at best. Even if so, their impact on global climate change will not be noticed in decades to come due to the longevity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere [2]. Thus, adaptation to climate change im ...
Is it Ethical to Use a Single Probability Density Function?
... Addressing climate change requires both quantitative analysis and ethical reasoning. Ethical reasoning is required because climate change will affect many people in current and future generations. Quantitative analysis is required to understand how today’s actions might influence those potential con ...
... Addressing climate change requires both quantitative analysis and ethical reasoning. Ethical reasoning is required because climate change will affect many people in current and future generations. Quantitative analysis is required to understand how today’s actions might influence those potential con ...
Ontario Climate Change and Health Modelling Study
... outcomes may be considered direct results of climate change, however, most will occur through indirect exposures. Health outcomes caused by direct exposures include injuries, illnesses and deaths sustained as a direct result of the weather, for example broken bones from falls on ice; illness due to ...
... outcomes may be considered direct results of climate change, however, most will occur through indirect exposures. Health outcomes caused by direct exposures include injuries, illnesses and deaths sustained as a direct result of the weather, for example broken bones from falls on ice; illness due to ...
The Effects of Ocean Freshening on Marine and
... All of these changes in surface circulation directly impact how wind-driven upwelling takes place. As these surface currents run into the shorelines they play an important role in upwelling of nutrients due to Ekman transport (Trujillo 2005). Ekman transport causes winddriven upwelling along the sho ...
... All of these changes in surface circulation directly impact how wind-driven upwelling takes place. As these surface currents run into the shorelines they play an important role in upwelling of nutrients due to Ekman transport (Trujillo 2005). Ekman transport causes winddriven upwelling along the sho ...
Agenda Setting and Issue Definition at the Micro Level: Giving
... agenda due to a variety of factors including competing issues, politics, public mood, focusing events, and others. To explain the dynamics of agenda setting and policy change, scholars have proposed a number of theories, mostly from a macro perspective, that look at long periods of time. One of the ...
... agenda due to a variety of factors including competing issues, politics, public mood, focusing events, and others. To explain the dynamics of agenda setting and policy change, scholars have proposed a number of theories, mostly from a macro perspective, that look at long periods of time. One of the ...
Handbook on the OECD-DAC Climate Markers
... can contribute to biodiversity conservation, to capturing carbon (climate change mitigation) and to reducing climate risk (climate change adaptation). In drylands such a project can also help to combat desertification. Therefore, in certain cases, the same activity can obtain more than one principal ...
... can contribute to biodiversity conservation, to capturing carbon (climate change mitigation) and to reducing climate risk (climate change adaptation). In drylands such a project can also help to combat desertification. Therefore, in certain cases, the same activity can obtain more than one principal ...
Miocene tectonics and climate forcing of biodiversity, western United
... faunas are likely. This model implies, however, that layer-specific faunal assemblages should be correlated with warm versus cold or wet versus dry climates, and that diversity reflects an area’s carrying capacity, not rates of origination, extinction, or immigration. In our model, these latter proc ...
... faunas are likely. This model implies, however, that layer-specific faunal assemblages should be correlated with warm versus cold or wet versus dry climates, and that diversity reflects an area’s carrying capacity, not rates of origination, extinction, or immigration. In our model, these latter proc ...
THE CROPWAT ANALYSIS OF THREE DISTRICTS IN EGYPT
... agricultural systems in Africa, predict how these systems may be affected in the future by climate change under various global warming scenarios, and suggest what role adaptation could play. The project has been implemented in 11 countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Niger and Senegal in west Af ...
... agricultural systems in Africa, predict how these systems may be affected in the future by climate change under various global warming scenarios, and suggest what role adaptation could play. The project has been implemented in 11 countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Niger and Senegal in west Af ...
Defining loss and damage: The science and politics around one of
... allows them to seek the full extent of damages from any one defendant.) Another complicating factor is that even if specific damages could be attributed to climate change, further questions would arise about how to allocate responsibility: based on emissions since 1750, since 1992, or somewhere in b ...
... allows them to seek the full extent of damages from any one defendant.) Another complicating factor is that even if specific damages could be attributed to climate change, further questions would arise about how to allocate responsibility: based on emissions since 1750, since 1992, or somewhere in b ...
Climate change and mammals: evolutionary
... short-term adaptation. However, as the phenologies of trophic levels may respond differently to climate change (sensu Thackeray et al. 2010) current levels of plasticity may no longer be fully adaptive. Moreover, consensus projections from current climate models are for long-term directional change ...
... short-term adaptation. However, as the phenologies of trophic levels may respond differently to climate change (sensu Thackeray et al. 2010) current levels of plasticity may no longer be fully adaptive. Moreover, consensus projections from current climate models are for long-term directional change ...
The impact of climate change and weather on transport - MOWE-IT
... The main consequences of climate change as predicted by most of the existing climate models are an increase in global temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and sea level rise. In general, climate models predict that increases in temperature will be higher over land areas than over oceans ...
... The main consequences of climate change as predicted by most of the existing climate models are an increase in global temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and sea level rise. In general, climate models predict that increases in temperature will be higher over land areas than over oceans ...
- USP Electronic Research Repository
... 16 years of sea-level data by the National Tidal Centre (NTC, 2008) showed that the rate of sea-level rise in the Kiribati region is 3.9mm per year (as at September 2008). The value is very stable; the variations from the previous months are minimal and as small as 0.1–0.2mm per year. The local valu ...
... 16 years of sea-level data by the National Tidal Centre (NTC, 2008) showed that the rate of sea-level rise in the Kiribati region is 3.9mm per year (as at September 2008). The value is very stable; the variations from the previous months are minimal and as small as 0.1–0.2mm per year. The local valu ...
Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas
... relationship at times of rapid climate change during the ice ages10,11. Recent borehole temperature studies8 show that the d18Oice ‘palaeothermometer’ underestimates the glacial-to-Holocene warming by about a factor of 2 when calibrated from the modern spatial d18O–temperature relationship, motivati ...
... relationship at times of rapid climate change during the ice ages10,11. Recent borehole temperature studies8 show that the d18Oice ‘palaeothermometer’ underestimates the glacial-to-Holocene warming by about a factor of 2 when calibrated from the modern spatial d18O–temperature relationship, motivati ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.