What shapes perceptions of climate change?
... importance, climate change is a phenomenon that is not easily and accurately identified by the lay public, using their normal tools of observation and inference. Climate is a statistical phenomenon, a term that describes average weather conditions or their typical range for a region. Climate change ...
... importance, climate change is a phenomenon that is not easily and accurately identified by the lay public, using their normal tools of observation and inference. Climate is a statistical phenomenon, a term that describes average weather conditions or their typical range for a region. Climate change ...
Long-term macroinvertebrate responses to climate change
... Bonada et al. (2007) have conducted studies suggesting that climate change in MCRs may result in greater changes in taxonomic composition compared to changes in the biological traits (e.g., life history traits and size) in MCRs. However, there are few studies that explicitly examine the effects of c ...
... Bonada et al. (2007) have conducted studies suggesting that climate change in MCRs may result in greater changes in taxonomic composition compared to changes in the biological traits (e.g., life history traits and size) in MCRs. However, there are few studies that explicitly examine the effects of c ...
The effects of large-scale afforestation and climate change on water
... warming forecasts. The modelling framework includes the Sacramento rainfall-runoff model and IQQM, a stream¯ow routing tool, as well as various global climate model outputs from which daily rainfall and potential evaporation data ®les have been generated in OzClim, a climate scenario generator. For ...
... warming forecasts. The modelling framework includes the Sacramento rainfall-runoff model and IQQM, a stream¯ow routing tool, as well as various global climate model outputs from which daily rainfall and potential evaporation data ®les have been generated in OzClim, a climate scenario generator. For ...
IPCC. 2001. Tech Summary of Physical Science Basis
... This energy is then redistributed by the atmospheric and oceanic circulations and radiated back to space at longer (infrared) wavelengths. For the annual mean and for the Earth as a whole, the incoming solar radiation energy is balanced approximately by the outgoing terrestrial radiation. Any factor ...
... This energy is then redistributed by the atmospheric and oceanic circulations and radiated back to space at longer (infrared) wavelengths. For the annual mean and for the Earth as a whole, the incoming solar radiation energy is balanced approximately by the outgoing terrestrial radiation. Any factor ...
The Economics of Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study on
... regional and state governments have begun taking more ambitious action on climate change by setting their own goals above and beyond the Kyoto Protocol and enacting a variety of GHG emissions reduction policies. Indeed, many nations and sub‐national governments have adopted the 2°C target. While ...
... regional and state governments have begun taking more ambitious action on climate change by setting their own goals above and beyond the Kyoto Protocol and enacting a variety of GHG emissions reduction policies. Indeed, many nations and sub‐national governments have adopted the 2°C target. While ...
Impact of Climate Change and Climate Variability on
... High temperature stress decrease yield of sorghum, bean and maize. Reproductive processes of grain sorghum and dry bean are more sensitive to high temperature stress. GCM predict increases in maximum and minimum temperatures and dry spells for El Salvador. However, there are uncertainties in mode ...
... High temperature stress decrease yield of sorghum, bean and maize. Reproductive processes of grain sorghum and dry bean are more sensitive to high temperature stress. GCM predict increases in maximum and minimum temperatures and dry spells for El Salvador. However, there are uncertainties in mode ...
Influences of Climate on Ontario Forests
... have occurred in the last 10,000 years. Other climatic elements are also expected to change, including precipitation, wind, and cloudiness. More importantly, the variability of the climate appears to be increasing; therefore, more extreme events such as droughts, floods, major freezing-rain storms, ...
... have occurred in the last 10,000 years. Other climatic elements are also expected to change, including precipitation, wind, and cloudiness. More importantly, the variability of the climate appears to be increasing; therefore, more extreme events such as droughts, floods, major freezing-rain storms, ...
Impacts of climate change on coastal flooding
... As we reported in 2010/11, extreme coastal water levels and hence the increasing likelihood of coastal flooding in the future are likely to be dominated by climate driven changes to the mean sea level, rather than waves or storm surges. There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the magnitude ...
... As we reported in 2010/11, extreme coastal water levels and hence the increasing likelihood of coastal flooding in the future are likely to be dominated by climate driven changes to the mean sea level, rather than waves or storm surges. There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the magnitude ...
How Does Climate Change Affect Agricultural Stability in Southeast
... Rural Zanzibari people have preserved traditional knowledge about agriculture, raising livestock, fishing, forestry and the use of medicinal plants. In the past many of these communities have been exposed to different kinds of environmental changes and have developed coping strategies to face these ...
... Rural Zanzibari people have preserved traditional knowledge about agriculture, raising livestock, fishing, forestry and the use of medicinal plants. In the past many of these communities have been exposed to different kinds of environmental changes and have developed coping strategies to face these ...
Global Climate Change The Evidence of Climate Change 2.1 Short
... Global Climate Change The Evidence of Climate Change 2.1 Short Answer Questions 1) Describe four lines of evidence that the climate is warming. Answer: Various answers may include: increasing global air temperature, increased ocean heat content, rising sea levels due to thermal expansion, melting ic ...
... Global Climate Change The Evidence of Climate Change 2.1 Short Answer Questions 1) Describe four lines of evidence that the climate is warming. Answer: Various answers may include: increasing global air temperature, increased ocean heat content, rising sea levels due to thermal expansion, melting ic ...
Biological Impacts of Climate Change
... between two extremes: glacial (cold and dry) and interglacial (warm and wet) periods. Average Pleistocene temperature cycling from the beginning of a glacial period to the end of an interglacial period operated on a scale of about 100,000 years. Peak glacial periods were about 5°C cooler than curren ...
... between two extremes: glacial (cold and dry) and interglacial (warm and wet) periods. Average Pleistocene temperature cycling from the beginning of a glacial period to the end of an interglacial period operated on a scale of about 100,000 years. Peak glacial periods were about 5°C cooler than curren ...
Articles
... whole. The work demands a concurrent effort toward understanding the overall role of UV-B within the context of environmental and biological forcesthat drive the Antarctic marine system.Many largeareasof uncertainty remain,including the possibility that in enhanced UV-B situations, changesin species ...
... whole. The work demands a concurrent effort toward understanding the overall role of UV-B within the context of environmental and biological forcesthat drive the Antarctic marine system.Many largeareasof uncertainty remain,including the possibility that in enhanced UV-B situations, changesin species ...
challenges for future sustainable water resources management in
... portion of surface water for direct human use. The global water situation becomes even more awkward if one keeps in mind that surface- and groundwater – both being part of the hydrological cycle - is constantly renewed by input from atmospheric water, i.e. net precipitation. This means that for a l ...
... portion of surface water for direct human use. The global water situation becomes even more awkward if one keeps in mind that surface- and groundwater – both being part of the hydrological cycle - is constantly renewed by input from atmospheric water, i.e. net precipitation. This means that for a l ...
Workshop report ”Adaptation options in the Barents – Writers
... strategies to better deal with climate change and other pertinent environmental stressors”. This has resulted in the AACA-‐C project which will deliver its overall integrated report to the 2017 Arctic Counci ...
... strategies to better deal with climate change and other pertinent environmental stressors”. This has resulted in the AACA-‐C project which will deliver its overall integrated report to the 2017 Arctic Counci ...
Frequency of wet and dry soil conditions in Tasmanian beef and
... Climate is an important driver of pasture production and the intra-annual variability in climate results in different patterns of pasture production which needs to be managed to meet feed demands on extensive livestock farm systems (beef and sheep farms). In recent decades, south eastern Australia h ...
... Climate is an important driver of pasture production and the intra-annual variability in climate results in different patterns of pasture production which needs to be managed to meet feed demands on extensive livestock farm systems (beef and sheep farms). In recent decades, south eastern Australia h ...
Development of a metamodel tool for regional integrated climate
... inability to treat all of the processes that may be important in affecting a sector. It becomes clear when undertaking assessments in this way that the various regional-scale sectors are interdependent with changes and potential adaptation options for one sector sometimes having profound effects on ...
... inability to treat all of the processes that may be important in affecting a sector. It becomes clear when undertaking assessments in this way that the various regional-scale sectors are interdependent with changes and potential adaptation options for one sector sometimes having profound effects on ...
- Wiley Online Library
... a necessary step in the process of attributing a particular change to a specific cause, such as the observed rise in greenhouse gas concentrations [Hegerl et al., 2007]. A headline conclusion from the IPCC AR4 was that “most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th ...
... a necessary step in the process of attributing a particular change to a specific cause, such as the observed rise in greenhouse gas concentrations [Hegerl et al., 2007]. A headline conclusion from the IPCC AR4 was that “most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th ...
POPRC-9/8: Guidance on how to assess the possible impact of
... positive and negative findings, and give weight to possible risks in a precautionary manner. Quantified criteria should be combined with qualitative methods. Furthermore, it should be prioritized to obtain information from all regions and relevant stakeholders. 6. The information on climate change i ...
... positive and negative findings, and give weight to possible risks in a precautionary manner. Quantified criteria should be combined with qualitative methods. Furthermore, it should be prioritized to obtain information from all regions and relevant stakeholders. 6. The information on climate change i ...
Global Climate Change - Vanderbilt University
... Average global temperature has risen by 0.76°C (1.4°F) since 1850 and is projected to increase another 0.5-1.0°C (0.9-1.8°F) due to greenhouse gases we have already added to the atmosphere (Dawson and Spannagle 2009). These changes are irreversible over a timescale of 1,000 years because it would ta ...
... Average global temperature has risen by 0.76°C (1.4°F) since 1850 and is projected to increase another 0.5-1.0°C (0.9-1.8°F) due to greenhouse gases we have already added to the atmosphere (Dawson and Spannagle 2009). These changes are irreversible over a timescale of 1,000 years because it would ta ...
Increasing impacts of climate change upon ecosystems with
... both terrestrial and marine ecosystems across the globe (Fischlin et al. 2007). Search engines were first used to identify references in the peer reviewed literature, and further references were then derived from information provided within these. Existing reviews (Gitay et al. 2001; Thomas et al. 2 ...
... both terrestrial and marine ecosystems across the globe (Fischlin et al. 2007). Search engines were first used to identify references in the peer reviewed literature, and further references were then derived from information provided within these. Existing reviews (Gitay et al. 2001; Thomas et al. 2 ...
Arctic Environmental Change of the Last Four Centuries
... high sulfate loading with the onset of Arctic cold events suggests that eruptions entrain positive ocean feedbacks capable of enhancing and prolonging Arctic cooling. For example, the anomalous early 19thcentury period of frequent large sulfur-producing eruptions seems to have helped precipitate the ...
... high sulfate loading with the onset of Arctic cold events suggests that eruptions entrain positive ocean feedbacks capable of enhancing and prolonging Arctic cooling. For example, the anomalous early 19thcentury period of frequent large sulfur-producing eruptions seems to have helped precipitate the ...
Climate change and global water resources: SRES emissions and
... Asia, the Middle East and around the Mediterranean. This paper describes an assessment of the relative effect of climate change and population growth on future global and regional water resources stresses, using SRES socio-economic scenarios and climate projections made using six climate models driv ...
... Asia, the Middle East and around the Mediterranean. This paper describes an assessment of the relative effect of climate change and population growth on future global and regional water resources stresses, using SRES socio-economic scenarios and climate projections made using six climate models driv ...
Contributions of past and present human generations to committed
... on the order of ⫾15% for the limited range of CO2 concentrations considered here (22, 23) When forced with the fossil-fuel and land-use CO2 emissions for the 1850–2000 period, these equations simulate an atmospheric CO2 level that is consistent with ice-core data for the 1850–1950 period but slightl ...
... on the order of ⫾15% for the limited range of CO2 concentrations considered here (22, 23) When forced with the fossil-fuel and land-use CO2 emissions for the 1850–2000 period, these equations simulate an atmospheric CO2 level that is consistent with ice-core data for the 1850–1950 period but slightl ...
Adaptation behavior in the face of global climate change: Survey
... (Ackerman and Stanton, 2008). Titus et al., 2009 calculate that more than 80% of land below 1-m in Florida is developed or intermediate (places with existing low-density development, where land use plans anticipate future development), compared with 45% of land from Georgia to Delaware (Titus et al. ...
... (Ackerman and Stanton, 2008). Titus et al., 2009 calculate that more than 80% of land below 1-m in Florida is developed or intermediate (places with existing low-density development, where land use plans anticipate future development), compared with 45% of land from Georgia to Delaware (Titus et al. ...
Growing disruption: Climate change, food, and the fight against hunger
... concentration of 400 parts per million for the first time in about three million years. The last time levels were so high, global temperatures were 2–3°C warmer than they are today, and sea levels were up to 25 metres higher.4 ...
... concentration of 400 parts per million for the first time in about three million years. The last time levels were so high, global temperatures were 2–3°C warmer than they are today, and sea levels were up to 25 metres higher.4 ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.