13-Krebs cycle
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in ...
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in ...
13-Krebs cycle
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in ...
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in ...
the lecture in Powerpoint Format
... respiration are not the same. – Respiration, in the breathing sense, refers to an exchange of gases. Usually an organism brings in oxygen from the environment and releases waste CO2. – Cellular respiration is the aerobic (oxygen requiring) harvesting of energy from food molecules by cells. ...
... respiration are not the same. – Respiration, in the breathing sense, refers to an exchange of gases. Usually an organism brings in oxygen from the environment and releases waste CO2. – Cellular respiration is the aerobic (oxygen requiring) harvesting of energy from food molecules by cells. ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... respiration are not the same. – Respiration, in the breathing sense, refers to an exchange of gases. Usually an organism brings in oxygen from the environment and releases waste CO2. – Cellular respiration is the aerobic (oxygen requiring) harvesting of energy from food molecules by cells. ...
... respiration are not the same. – Respiration, in the breathing sense, refers to an exchange of gases. Usually an organism brings in oxygen from the environment and releases waste CO2. – Cellular respiration is the aerobic (oxygen requiring) harvesting of energy from food molecules by cells. ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
Carbohydrates
... be stored in the polymeric form (starch, glycogen) • Short-term energy needs are met by oxidation of glucose via glycolysis to ATP and NADH • Pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH that is used for detoxification, and for the biosynthesis of lipids and nucleotides • Structural polysaccharides (e. ...
... be stored in the polymeric form (starch, glycogen) • Short-term energy needs are met by oxidation of glucose via glycolysis to ATP and NADH • Pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH that is used for detoxification, and for the biosynthesis of lipids and nucleotides • Structural polysaccharides (e. ...
citric acid cycle
... 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate onto ADP, forming ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 3phosphoglycerate. Since two molecules of triose phosphate are formed per molecule of glucose, two molecules of ATP are generated at this stage per molecule of glucose undergoing glycolysis. 8- 3-Phosphoglycerate is ...
... 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate onto ADP, forming ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 3phosphoglycerate. Since two molecules of triose phosphate are formed per molecule of glucose, two molecules of ATP are generated at this stage per molecule of glucose undergoing glycolysis. 8- 3-Phosphoglycerate is ...
Derived copy of Bis2A 07.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid
... The pruvate formed in glycolysis has a variety of fates depending upon the cell type, physiology and environment the cell is in. In many instances, cells can further oxidize pyruvate, generating additional energy in the form of GTP and reducing power, the formation of NADH (and FADH2) along with the ...
... The pruvate formed in glycolysis has a variety of fates depending upon the cell type, physiology and environment the cell is in. In many instances, cells can further oxidize pyruvate, generating additional energy in the form of GTP and reducing power, the formation of NADH (and FADH2) along with the ...
Enhanced Photosynthetic Performance and
... of the Aco1 mutant revealed that it exhibited a decreased flux through the TCA cycle and decreased levels of TCA cycle intermediates but was characterized by elevated adenylate levels and an increased rate of carbon dioxide assimilation. In addition, although it must be taken into account that S. pe ...
... of the Aco1 mutant revealed that it exhibited a decreased flux through the TCA cycle and decreased levels of TCA cycle intermediates but was characterized by elevated adenylate levels and an increased rate of carbon dioxide assimilation. In addition, although it must be taken into account that S. pe ...
Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
... Both NADH & FADH2 are used to donate electrons an electron transport chain ...
... Both NADH & FADH2 are used to donate electrons an electron transport chain ...
The Citric acid cycle - University of Houston
... It is called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic and is the “hub” of the metabolic system. It accounts for the majority of carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. It also accounts for a majority of the generation of these compounds and others as well. Amphibolic - acts both catabolically ...
... It is called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic and is the “hub” of the metabolic system. It accounts for the majority of carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. It also accounts for a majority of the generation of these compounds and others as well. Amphibolic - acts both catabolically ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... • All the NADH and FADH2 will eventually pass their electrons to O2 after being transferred through a series of electron carriers. • The complete oxidation of each NADH molecule leads to the generation of about 2.5 ATP, and FADH2 of about 1.5 ATP. • Overall efficiency of energy conservation is about ...
... • All the NADH and FADH2 will eventually pass their electrons to O2 after being transferred through a series of electron carriers. • The complete oxidation of each NADH molecule leads to the generation of about 2.5 ATP, and FADH2 of about 1.5 ATP. • Overall efficiency of energy conservation is about ...
Digestible carbohydrates
... glucose into two pyruvate molecules or into lactate aiming at production of ATP and other intermediates. • It is also utilized in its opposite direction in gluconeogenesis. ...
... glucose into two pyruvate molecules or into lactate aiming at production of ATP and other intermediates. • It is also utilized in its opposite direction in gluconeogenesis. ...
檔案下載
... FIGURE 19.1 The central relationship of the citric acid cycle to catabolism In stage 1: Amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose can all produce acetyl-CoA In stage 2: acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle Stages 1 and 2 produce reduced electron carriers (e-) 還原電子攜帶者 In stage 3, the electrons enter t ...
... FIGURE 19.1 The central relationship of the citric acid cycle to catabolism In stage 1: Amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose can all produce acetyl-CoA In stage 2: acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle Stages 1 and 2 produce reduced electron carriers (e-) 還原電子攜帶者 In stage 3, the electrons enter t ...
electron transport chain
... • Ancient prokaryotes are thought to have used glycolysis long before there was oxygen in the atmosphere • Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only glycolysis to generate ATP • Glycolysis is a very ancient process ...
... • Ancient prokaryotes are thought to have used glycolysis long before there was oxygen in the atmosphere • Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only glycolysis to generate ATP • Glycolysis is a very ancient process ...
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Part 2
... • Photosystem II uses a slightly different form of chlorophyll a called P680 (absorbs shorter wavelengths of light, more energy). • Excited electron enters the electron transport chain and powers proton pumps. • This leads to chemiosmosis and the synthesis of ATP. ...
... • Photosystem II uses a slightly different form of chlorophyll a called P680 (absorbs shorter wavelengths of light, more energy). • Excited electron enters the electron transport chain and powers proton pumps. • This leads to chemiosmosis and the synthesis of ATP. ...
Bis2A 07.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric
... The pruvate formed in glycolysis has a variety of fates depending upon the cell type, physiology and environment the cell is in. In many instances, cells can further oxidize pyruvate, generating additional energy in the form of GTP and reducing power, the formation of NADH (and FADH2) along with the ...
... The pruvate formed in glycolysis has a variety of fates depending upon the cell type, physiology and environment the cell is in. In many instances, cells can further oxidize pyruvate, generating additional energy in the form of GTP and reducing power, the formation of NADH (and FADH2) along with the ...
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex and Tricarboxylic Acid
... Nobel Prize in Medicine (1953), which he shared with Fritz Lipmann. h$p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs ...
... Nobel Prize in Medicine (1953), which he shared with Fritz Lipmann. h$p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs ...
2007 Exam 3 1. The goal of the oxidative phase of the pentose
... c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. d. a reduced intermediate of the TCA cycle that is formed during when NADH levels are very high. 28. Cells utilize high energy biomolecules because a. they are easily made and store e ...
... c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. d. a reduced intermediate of the TCA cycle that is formed during when NADH levels are very high. 28. Cells utilize high energy biomolecules because a. they are easily made and store e ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting
... • 3.Electron Transport Chain: inner membrane of mitochondrion; electrons passed to oxygen ...
... • 3.Electron Transport Chain: inner membrane of mitochondrion; electrons passed to oxygen ...
apbio ch 9 study guide
... The folding of the inner membrane to form cristae increases its surface area, providing space for thousands of copies of the chain in each mitochondrion. Most components of the chain are proteins that exist in multiprotein complexes numbered I– ...
... The folding of the inner membrane to form cristae increases its surface area, providing space for thousands of copies of the chain in each mitochondrion. Most components of the chain are proteins that exist in multiprotein complexes numbered I– ...
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: metabolic
... Glucose is the major source of energy for the fetus [1]. Immediately after birth free fatty acids are mobilized from adipose tissue stores. A rapid increase in the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II and a rise in the capacity to oxidize fatty acids is found in liver [2] and in heart ...
... Glucose is the major source of energy for the fetus [1]. Immediately after birth free fatty acids are mobilized from adipose tissue stores. A rapid increase in the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II and a rise in the capacity to oxidize fatty acids is found in liver [2] and in heart ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... • The citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) is amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic) • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the ...
... • The citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) is amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic) • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the ...
CITRIC ACID (KREB`S, TCA) CYCLE
... safe to say that it is inhibited by ATP and NADH. The inhibition by NADH keeps it tightly regulated by oxygen supply, since NADH is converted to NAD+ by oxidative phosphorylation. The inhibition by ATP keeps the citric acid cycle in balance with energy supply. When ATP (energy supply) is high, the c ...
... safe to say that it is inhibited by ATP and NADH. The inhibition by NADH keeps it tightly regulated by oxygen supply, since NADH is converted to NAD+ by oxidative phosphorylation. The inhibition by ATP keeps the citric acid cycle in balance with energy supply. When ATP (energy supply) is high, the c ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.