Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
A novel protein transport system involved in the biogenesis of
... biological membrane without rendering the membrane freely permeable to protons and other ions. This Sec-independent protein transport pathway is usually called the Tat (twin arginine translocation) system [4] because targeting to the pathway involves signal peptides containing two consecutive and in ...
... biological membrane without rendering the membrane freely permeable to protons and other ions. This Sec-independent protein transport pathway is usually called the Tat (twin arginine translocation) system [4] because targeting to the pathway involves signal peptides containing two consecutive and in ...
A Discovery Laboratory Investigating Bacterial Gene Regulation
... order to do so, we need to be able to measure one of the products of the enzyme's reaction as it is made. Unfortunately, we have no easy assay for glucose or galactose. However, beta-galactosidase will cleave other similar molecules, such as ONPG. One of the cleavage products created when the enzyme ...
... order to do so, we need to be able to measure one of the products of the enzyme's reaction as it is made. Unfortunately, we have no easy assay for glucose or galactose. However, beta-galactosidase will cleave other similar molecules, such as ONPG. One of the cleavage products created when the enzyme ...
Sugars as signaling molecules - Department of Molecular Biology
... not activate sugar inducible β-amylase gene expression, indicating distinct phosphorylation mechanisms for glucose activation [26]. Results from experiments with inhibitors of calcium ion channels and calmodulin have been used to propose a role for calcium as a second messenger in sugar signaling. S ...
... not activate sugar inducible β-amylase gene expression, indicating distinct phosphorylation mechanisms for glucose activation [26]. Results from experiments with inhibitors of calcium ion channels and calmodulin have been used to propose a role for calcium as a second messenger in sugar signaling. S ...
Modulation of Retinoblastoma and Retinoblastoma
... revealed that inactivation of the Rb gene was a frequent event in tumomigenesis. Rb is known to play a key mole in the regulation of cell proliferation (4), and it now appears to also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, ...
... revealed that inactivation of the Rb gene was a frequent event in tumomigenesis. Rb is known to play a key mole in the regulation of cell proliferation (4), and it now appears to also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, ...
Better check late than never: The chromosome segregation
... correct spindle pole. Lagging chromosomes often result in micronuclei, a major mechanism of chromosomal instability in cancer cells [1]. However, various lines of evidence indicate that incomplete chromosome separation can delay transition to telophase, suggesting a surveillance mechanism beyond the ...
... correct spindle pole. Lagging chromosomes often result in micronuclei, a major mechanism of chromosomal instability in cancer cells [1]. However, various lines of evidence indicate that incomplete chromosome separation can delay transition to telophase, suggesting a surveillance mechanism beyond the ...
Chemokine-Induced Migration Inhibits Integrin
... time to time creates long “dendrites” (Fig. 2B and Ref. (17). Strikingly, when A39R was added at the beginning of the culture together with LPS, it completely prevented the formation of membrane processes by DCs (Fig. 2C) as well as their adhesion to plastic. This effect was dependent on plexin C1 a ...
... time to time creates long “dendrites” (Fig. 2B and Ref. (17). Strikingly, when A39R was added at the beginning of the culture together with LPS, it completely prevented the formation of membrane processes by DCs (Fig. 2C) as well as their adhesion to plastic. This effect was dependent on plexin C1 a ...
Skeletal muscle phenotype affects fasting
... et al., 1989), such starvation resistance reflects their ability to store energy as fat (34% adiposity in the pre-winter period) and control its allocation to minimize energy expenditure (growth arrest, lower basal metabolic rate, shallow hypothermia, reduced thermogenic effect of lipids) in order t ...
... et al., 1989), such starvation resistance reflects their ability to store energy as fat (34% adiposity in the pre-winter period) and control its allocation to minimize energy expenditure (growth arrest, lower basal metabolic rate, shallow hypothermia, reduced thermogenic effect of lipids) in order t ...
CONTRIBUTIONS OF ANAEROBIC METABOLISM TO pH
... MgATP 2 " hydrolysis. In steady state, lactate and protons are the end-products. The chemical origin of the proton is undoubtedly the carboxyl group present in lactate. This point can be overlooked by the above-mentioned approach, but it always holds true even if the respective stoichiometry may sec ...
... MgATP 2 " hydrolysis. In steady state, lactate and protons are the end-products. The chemical origin of the proton is undoubtedly the carboxyl group present in lactate. This point can be overlooked by the above-mentioned approach, but it always holds true even if the respective stoichiometry may sec ...
Proteomic capacity of recent fluorescent dyes for
... proteins analysed, the accuracy of spot quantification and reproducibility. In this work, we compared the efficiency of recent fluorophores to stain Arabidopsis total protein extract: Sypro RubyÒ (SR), Deep PurpleÒ (DP) and 5-hexadecanoylamino-fluorescein (C16-F). In addition, classical visible dyes, col ...
... proteins analysed, the accuracy of spot quantification and reproducibility. In this work, we compared the efficiency of recent fluorophores to stain Arabidopsis total protein extract: Sypro RubyÒ (SR), Deep PurpleÒ (DP) and 5-hexadecanoylamino-fluorescein (C16-F). In addition, classical visible dyes, col ...
Lewis lung carcinoma regulation of mechanical stretch - AJP-Cell
... whether media containing cachectic factors derived from Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) can regulate the stretch induction of myotube protein synthesis. C2C12 myotubes preincubated in control or LLCderived media were chronically stretched. Protein synthesis regulation by anabolic and catabolic signaling ...
... whether media containing cachectic factors derived from Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) can regulate the stretch induction of myotube protein synthesis. C2C12 myotubes preincubated in control or LLCderived media were chronically stretched. Protein synthesis regulation by anabolic and catabolic signaling ...
Heavy Metals and Metalloids As a Cause for Protein Misfolding and
... Experiments on in vitro refolding are usually performed with a purified protein at low concentration, i.e., under conditions that maximize the yield of refolding. In contrast, in vivo folding occurs in the crowded interior of a cell at a protein concentration of 300–400 mg/mL, which greatly enhances ...
... Experiments on in vitro refolding are usually performed with a purified protein at low concentration, i.e., under conditions that maximize the yield of refolding. In contrast, in vivo folding occurs in the crowded interior of a cell at a protein concentration of 300–400 mg/mL, which greatly enhances ...
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
... are transferred from glucose or other organic fuels to oxygen, releasing energy. Oxygen attracts electrons very strongly, and an electron loses potential energy when it moves to oxygen. If you burn a cube of sugar, this electron “fall” happens very rapidly, releasing energy in the form of heat and l ...
... are transferred from glucose or other organic fuels to oxygen, releasing energy. Oxygen attracts electrons very strongly, and an electron loses potential energy when it moves to oxygen. If you burn a cube of sugar, this electron “fall” happens very rapidly, releasing energy in the form of heat and l ...
Severa1 Proteins lmported into Chloroplasts Form
... 1989). Therefore, binding of imported proteins to cpn60, as observed in the present study, may be an early event in the folding of chloroplast proteins. It should be noted that a stable association was observed between cpn60 and the monomeric protein BLA, which obviously does not become assembled in ...
... 1989). Therefore, binding of imported proteins to cpn60, as observed in the present study, may be an early event in the folding of chloroplast proteins. It should be noted that a stable association was observed between cpn60 and the monomeric protein BLA, which obviously does not become assembled in ...
ATP - RCSD
... • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and • ATP is formed. ...
... • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and • ATP is formed. ...
CHAP NUM="9" ID="CH
... the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming water (see Figure 9.5b). The energy released at each step of the cha ...
... the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming water (see Figure 9.5b). The energy released at each step of the cha ...
Lecture 5 - Fermentation and CHO feeder
... (stored as glycogen) The process of transporting lactate to the liver and its conversion to glucose takes from hours to days to complete. ...
... (stored as glycogen) The process of transporting lactate to the liver and its conversion to glucose takes from hours to days to complete. ...
video slide - Ionia Public Schools
... • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
... • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
Physiological implications of class IIa bacteriocin resistance in
... fermented and in a pure mixed-acid fermentation (i.e. no lactate formed and acetate and ethanol formed in a 1 : 1 ratio), 3 mol ATP is formed per mole of glucose fermented. The increased biomass observed in media to which glucose is added and the complete recovery of glucose in fermentation products ...
... fermented and in a pure mixed-acid fermentation (i.e. no lactate formed and acetate and ethanol formed in a 1 : 1 ratio), 3 mol ATP is formed per mole of glucose fermented. The increased biomass observed in media to which glucose is added and the complete recovery of glucose in fermentation products ...
Hydrostatic pressure-induced changes in cellular protein synthesis
... rates [22]. Activity of eIF-2B is altered in response to viral infection, hormones, nutrients, growth factors and certain stresses, and it may be regulated directly by its own phosphorylation [23]. eIF-4E also plays an important role by binding the 5 -cap structure, and it serves to recruit other i ...
... rates [22]. Activity of eIF-2B is altered in response to viral infection, hormones, nutrients, growth factors and certain stresses, and it may be regulated directly by its own phosphorylation [23]. eIF-4E also plays an important role by binding the 5 -cap structure, and it serves to recruit other i ...
Identification of a novel protein encoded by third conserved gene
... In order to determine the intracellular localization of NWC protein, the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were separated and Western blotting using MoM12 was performed. As shown in Fig. 4, NWC protein can be detected in both fractions. The extent of possible contamination of the nuclear fraction by ...
... In order to determine the intracellular localization of NWC protein, the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were separated and Western blotting using MoM12 was performed. As shown in Fig. 4, NWC protein can be detected in both fractions. The extent of possible contamination of the nuclear fraction by ...
mTORC1 Activates SREBP-1c and Uncouples Lipogenesis From Gluconeogenesis Please share
... PNAS, Li et al. (3) identify a bifurcation point in the insulin-signaling pathway that could help resolve this important paradox. The liver plays a central role in controlling metabolic homeostasis by serving as a key site for glucose and lipid metabolism. In insulin-sensitive hepatocytes, insulin b ...
... PNAS, Li et al. (3) identify a bifurcation point in the insulin-signaling pathway that could help resolve this important paradox. The liver plays a central role in controlling metabolic homeostasis by serving as a key site for glucose and lipid metabolism. In insulin-sensitive hepatocytes, insulin b ...
Examining Escherichia coli glycolytic pathways, catabolite
... more thermodynamically favorable pathway with fewer enzymatic steps than either the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway (EMPP) or the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). However, Escherichia coli do not use their native EDP for glucose metabolism. Results: Overexpression of edd and eda in E. col ...
... more thermodynamically favorable pathway with fewer enzymatic steps than either the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway (EMPP) or the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). However, Escherichia coli do not use their native EDP for glucose metabolism. Results: Overexpression of edd and eda in E. col ...
Gene expression profiling of mice with genetically modified muscle
... into the cell, as well as different forms of hexokinase/glucokinase for the phosphorylation of glucose. There are two genes, GYS1 and GYS2, encoding glycogen synthase in both mouse and human genomes. To date, GYS2 is only known to be expressed in liver whereas GYS1 is expressed in skeletal muscle an ...
... into the cell, as well as different forms of hexokinase/glucokinase for the phosphorylation of glucose. There are two genes, GYS1 and GYS2, encoding glycogen synthase in both mouse and human genomes. To date, GYS2 is only known to be expressed in liver whereas GYS1 is expressed in skeletal muscle an ...
Role of cryo-ET in membrane bioenergetics research
... Smaller proteins or proteins of unknown or uncharacteristic shape have to be identified by labelling. Electron-dense tags such as colloidal gold or quantum dots conjugated to primary or secondary antibodies are easily visible in cryotomograms. Protein densities within a ∼23 nm radius of these tags a ...
... Smaller proteins or proteins of unknown or uncharacteristic shape have to be identified by labelling. Electron-dense tags such as colloidal gold or quantum dots conjugated to primary or secondary antibodies are easily visible in cryotomograms. Protein densities within a ∼23 nm radius of these tags a ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).