Diabetes Mellitus
... • Glucose is a major energy substrate. • The body’s source of glucose are: a) dietary carbohydrate b) glycogenolysis c) gluconeogenesis • Physiologically there are two important hormones control glucose homostasis: I) Insulin II) glucagon • Disordered glucose homostasis can lead to hyperglycemia or ...
... • Glucose is a major energy substrate. • The body’s source of glucose are: a) dietary carbohydrate b) glycogenolysis c) gluconeogenesis • Physiologically there are two important hormones control glucose homostasis: I) Insulin II) glucagon • Disordered glucose homostasis can lead to hyperglycemia or ...
Physiology vs. Metabolism - Gene Ontology Consortium
... that is the key factor lower ratio by reducing insulin or increasing glucagon Bottom line is this is happening on a much higher level than a single cell ...
... that is the key factor lower ratio by reducing insulin or increasing glucagon Bottom line is this is happening on a much higher level than a single cell ...
Phospho-PAK1 (Thr423)/PAK2 (Thr402) Antibody
... Source/Purification: Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phospho-peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to residues surrounding Thr423 of human PAK1. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. ...
... Source/Purification: Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phospho-peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to residues surrounding Thr423 of human PAK1. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... 5. Identify the inputs and outputs and location of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. 7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. ...
... 5. Identify the inputs and outputs and location of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. 7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... Catabolism of glucose • The paths that cells use to oxidize glucose completely to carbon dioxide involve many individual chemical reactions. These reactions occur in three different stages. These are: - initial break down of glucose to pyruvate in glycolysis, - further degradation of pyruvate to ac ...
... Catabolism of glucose • The paths that cells use to oxidize glucose completely to carbon dioxide involve many individual chemical reactions. These reactions occur in three different stages. These are: - initial break down of glucose to pyruvate in glycolysis, - further degradation of pyruvate to ac ...
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules: Four Classes of
... A monosaccharide (sugar) is the simplest kind of carbohydrate. It consists of a single molecule like fructose or glucose. All sugar molecules have the formula (CH2 O) n, where n is any number from 3 to 8. For glucose, n is 6, and its formula is C6H12O6 The formula for fructose is also C6H12O6 ...
... A monosaccharide (sugar) is the simplest kind of carbohydrate. It consists of a single molecule like fructose or glucose. All sugar molecules have the formula (CH2 O) n, where n is any number from 3 to 8. For glucose, n is 6, and its formula is C6H12O6 The formula for fructose is also C6H12O6 ...
METABOLISM I. Introduction. - metabolism: all chemical reactions
... atoms from substrate molecules, passing them on to electron acceptors. - two major electron acceptors are NAD+ and FAD. - the bulk of energy (ATP) from glucose oxidation results from use of NADH+H+/FADH2 to set up a hydrogen ion gradient used to drive ATP synthesis. - glucose oxidation: C2 H12 O6 +6 ...
... atoms from substrate molecules, passing them on to electron acceptors. - two major electron acceptors are NAD+ and FAD. - the bulk of energy (ATP) from glucose oxidation results from use of NADH+H+/FADH2 to set up a hydrogen ion gradient used to drive ATP synthesis. - glucose oxidation: C2 H12 O6 +6 ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) and Diabetes
... has a beneficial effect on pancreatic beta cells. In contrast, chronic exposure of beta cells to high glucose causes ER stress and hyperactivation of IRE1, leading to the suppression of insulin gene expression. IRE1 signaling is therefore a potential target for therapeutic regulation of insulin bios ...
... has a beneficial effect on pancreatic beta cells. In contrast, chronic exposure of beta cells to high glucose causes ER stress and hyperactivation of IRE1, leading to the suppression of insulin gene expression. IRE1 signaling is therefore a potential target for therapeutic regulation of insulin bios ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... potential. The actual conformational change corresponding to eversion of binding site could be quite small. ...
... potential. The actual conformational change corresponding to eversion of binding site could be quite small. ...
MS Word File
... Large molecules that perform many important biological functions – Carbohydrates – Lipids – Proteins – Nucleic Acids Many are polymers – Large molecule that is made of repeating units of identical or similar subunits – Each subunit=monomer ...
... Large molecules that perform many important biological functions – Carbohydrates – Lipids – Proteins – Nucleic Acids Many are polymers – Large molecule that is made of repeating units of identical or similar subunits – Each subunit=monomer ...
enzymes 194 kb enzymes
... nerve agent sarin reacts with the active site serine in acetylcholinesterase, leading to a build up of ACh in the synaptic cleft, so action potentials are constantly generated and the inability to control breathing results in asphyxiation. Suicide inhibitors resemble the substrate, but are chemicall ...
... nerve agent sarin reacts with the active site serine in acetylcholinesterase, leading to a build up of ACh in the synaptic cleft, so action potentials are constantly generated and the inability to control breathing results in asphyxiation. Suicide inhibitors resemble the substrate, but are chemicall ...
Lecture_4_Glycolysis
... Upon entering the cell through a specific transport protein, glucose is phosphorylated at the expense of ATP to form glucose 6-phosphate. Hexokinase, which requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ as a cofactor, catalyzes the reaction. Hexokinase, like most kinases, employs substrate-binding induced fit to minimize ...
... Upon entering the cell through a specific transport protein, glucose is phosphorylated at the expense of ATP to form glucose 6-phosphate. Hexokinase, which requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ as a cofactor, catalyzes the reaction. Hexokinase, like most kinases, employs substrate-binding induced fit to minimize ...
BIOCHEMISTRY
... aerobic conditions. As glycolysis proceeds under aneorobic conditions, NAD + is converted to NADH; but the muscle tissue has no O2 to which NADH can pass electrons. To recycle NADH to NAD +, which is essential for continuing glycolysis, something must happen (as painful as it might be –hint… hint). ...
... aerobic conditions. As glycolysis proceeds under aneorobic conditions, NAD + is converted to NADH; but the muscle tissue has no O2 to which NADH can pass electrons. To recycle NADH to NAD +, which is essential for continuing glycolysis, something must happen (as painful as it might be –hint… hint). ...
Chapter_25_Metabolism
... and enters the Krebs cycle (aerobic pathway) – When oxygen concentration is low, pyruvic acid is reduced to lactic acid by NADH + H+. This is called lactic acid fermentation. This process oxidizes NAD into NAD+ which allows glycolysis to continue, and lactic acid diffuses into the blood. Lactic acid ...
... and enters the Krebs cycle (aerobic pathway) – When oxygen concentration is low, pyruvic acid is reduced to lactic acid by NADH + H+. This is called lactic acid fermentation. This process oxidizes NAD into NAD+ which allows glycolysis to continue, and lactic acid diffuses into the blood. Lactic acid ...
Glycolysis
... • Bacteria can only perform a reaction if they produce the proper enzyme (for a pathway like glycolysis, a different enzyme for each step) • Ability to produce an enzyme is genetically determined and species-specific ...
... • Bacteria can only perform a reaction if they produce the proper enzyme (for a pathway like glycolysis, a different enzyme for each step) • Ability to produce an enzyme is genetically determined and species-specific ...
File
... • Pyruvate kinase requires divalent metals (Mg2+ or Mn2+) for activity • Highly thermodynamically favorable/irreversible – Regulated by ATP, divalent metals, and other metabolites ...
... • Pyruvate kinase requires divalent metals (Mg2+ or Mn2+) for activity • Highly thermodynamically favorable/irreversible – Regulated by ATP, divalent metals, and other metabolites ...
ppt
... Glucokinase (GK): Biological Significance • Dramatic conformational change when activated • Allosteric activator binding ...
... Glucokinase (GK): Biological Significance • Dramatic conformational change when activated • Allosteric activator binding ...
Exam 1 454 Study Guide
... Identify the electron donor and acceptor, oxidizing agent, reducing agent, redox pair in an oxidation-reduction reaction. Write oxidation-reduction reactions given the reduction potentials. Identify sources of electron for oxidative phosphorylation. Describe the organization of the mitochond ...
... Identify the electron donor and acceptor, oxidizing agent, reducing agent, redox pair in an oxidation-reduction reaction. Write oxidation-reduction reactions given the reduction potentials. Identify sources of electron for oxidative phosphorylation. Describe the organization of the mitochond ...
Chapter 5 Active Lecture Questions
... d. the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O e. a series of reactions in which pyruvic acid is oxidized to CO2 and H2O ...
... d. the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O e. a series of reactions in which pyruvic acid is oxidized to CO2 and H2O ...
Ch 6 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... List the factors that influence enzymatic activity. Explain what is meant by oxidation–reduction. Describe the chemical reactions of glycolysis. Explain the products of the Krebs cycle. Describe the chemiosmotic model for ATP generation. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Descri ...
... List the factors that influence enzymatic activity. Explain what is meant by oxidation–reduction. Describe the chemical reactions of glycolysis. Explain the products of the Krebs cycle. Describe the chemiosmotic model for ATP generation. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Descri ...
BIOCHEMISTRY 2.1
... NUCLEIC ACIDS •LARGE COMPLEX MOLECULES CONTAINING HEREDITY MATERIAL Made of Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate group, & nitrogen base) 1. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID -D N A (deoxyribose sugar) ...
... NUCLEIC ACIDS •LARGE COMPLEX MOLECULES CONTAINING HEREDITY MATERIAL Made of Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate group, & nitrogen base) 1. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID -D N A (deoxyribose sugar) ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).