File
... • Signaling molecule • Two long polypeptide chains – Chain A with 21 amino acids – Chain B with 30 amino acids – Two disulfide bridges covalently connect the chains ...
... • Signaling molecule • Two long polypeptide chains – Chain A with 21 amino acids – Chain B with 30 amino acids – Two disulfide bridges covalently connect the chains ...
Cellular Mechanisms
... – Inhibitor binds (non covalently) to the active site – Competes with substrate at active site – Rate slows because active site encounters fewer substrate molecules per second. – Competitive inhibitors have similar structure to the substrate – Effect can be overcome by adding more substrate (increas ...
... – Inhibitor binds (non covalently) to the active site – Competes with substrate at active site – Rate slows because active site encounters fewer substrate molecules per second. – Competitive inhibitors have similar structure to the substrate – Effect can be overcome by adding more substrate (increas ...
Slide 1 - mcdowellscience
... – These molecules vary among cells of the same individual; they vary more among unrelated individuals of a species, and even more between species. • This diversity comes from various combinations of the 40-50 common monomers and other rarer ones. – These monomers can be connected in various combinat ...
... – These molecules vary among cells of the same individual; they vary more among unrelated individuals of a species, and even more between species. • This diversity comes from various combinations of the 40-50 common monomers and other rarer ones. – These monomers can be connected in various combinat ...
RTRI Cellular Respiration
... A complex network of chemical reactions are continually at work in cells in order to sustain life. These reactions form the basis of metabolism and are organized into an interconnected series of reactions called metabolic pathways (Figure1). The operation of these pathways is made possible by enzyme ...
... A complex network of chemical reactions are continually at work in cells in order to sustain life. These reactions form the basis of metabolism and are organized into an interconnected series of reactions called metabolic pathways (Figure1). The operation of these pathways is made possible by enzyme ...
Midterm Review
... an enzyme, competing with the substrate – Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective ...
... an enzyme, competing with the substrate – Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective ...
C485 Exam I
... Branching enzyme transfers blocks of (usually) seven residues to an internal C-6 OH of the chain. Must be at least 4 residues away from an existing branch. Tends to make branches on average of every 10 residues. b) 3 pts What is meant by reciprocal regulation? Give an example associated with glycoge ...
... Branching enzyme transfers blocks of (usually) seven residues to an internal C-6 OH of the chain. Must be at least 4 residues away from an existing branch. Tends to make branches on average of every 10 residues. b) 3 pts What is meant by reciprocal regulation? Give an example associated with glycoge ...
how cells release chemical energy
... b. Intermediates form; each releases a hydrogen atom and an -OH group. These combine as water. Two molecules of PEP form by the reactions. c. First, one ATP molecule transfers a phosphate group to glucose, then another; atoms are rearranged, because the cell has now invested two ATP molecules alread ...
... b. Intermediates form; each releases a hydrogen atom and an -OH group. These combine as water. Two molecules of PEP form by the reactions. c. First, one ATP molecule transfers a phosphate group to glucose, then another; atoms are rearranged, because the cell has now invested two ATP molecules alread ...
Unit7CellRespirationTargetPractice
... concentration of protons is _________________ in the intermembrane space than in the matrix of the mitochondria. The protons cannot freely _____________ across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Protons move across the inner membrane via a large protein called _________________; the energy rele ...
... concentration of protons is _________________ in the intermembrane space than in the matrix of the mitochondria. The protons cannot freely _____________ across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Protons move across the inner membrane via a large protein called _________________; the energy rele ...
info and study guide
... Citric acid Cycle: Structures of all intermediates, names of all intermediates, names of regulated enzymes, mechanisms presented in slides only (See worksheet) Electron transport chain: know complexes by number, mobile carriers, protons pumped Oxidative phosphorylation: evidence for chemiosmotic hyp ...
... Citric acid Cycle: Structures of all intermediates, names of all intermediates, names of regulated enzymes, mechanisms presented in slides only (See worksheet) Electron transport chain: know complexes by number, mobile carriers, protons pumped Oxidative phosphorylation: evidence for chemiosmotic hyp ...
檔案下載
... Trioses (three carbons) •Monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates, are aldehydes (醛類) or ketones (酮類) that have two or more hydroxyl groups (氫氧基;羥基) •The smallest monosaccharides, composed of three carbon atoms, are dihydroxyacetone and D- and L- glyceraldehyde ...
... Trioses (three carbons) •Monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates, are aldehydes (醛類) or ketones (酮類) that have two or more hydroxyl groups (氫氧基;羥基) •The smallest monosaccharides, composed of three carbon atoms, are dihydroxyacetone and D- and L- glyceraldehyde ...
Rampant Purifying Selection Conserves Positions with
... which have been implicated in a number of complex human diseases (e.g., Aly et al. 1992; Lu et al. 1999; Marquardt and Denecke 2003; Lemeer and Heck 2009). In phosphorylation, a negatively charged phosphate group is added by a kinase targeting serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) residues. To ...
... which have been implicated in a number of complex human diseases (e.g., Aly et al. 1992; Lu et al. 1999; Marquardt and Denecke 2003; Lemeer and Heck 2009). In phosphorylation, a negatively charged phosphate group is added by a kinase targeting serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) residues. To ...
Cellular Respiration
... pathway, not a single reaction Many chemical reactions, both aerobic and anaerobic, are involved in the process of cellular respiration Lots of enzymes are required for the process to occur ...
... pathway, not a single reaction Many chemical reactions, both aerobic and anaerobic, are involved in the process of cellular respiration Lots of enzymes are required for the process to occur ...
Biology 52: Problem Set for Lectures 9, 10, and 11
... such as adenylyl cyclase and Phospholipase C. What second messenger molecule(s) is/are generated by activation of phospholipase C and what is/are the downstream effector(s)? Inositol trisphosphate (IP3), which causes the release of calcium from internal stores in the ER, and diacylglycerol (DAG). Th ...
... such as adenylyl cyclase and Phospholipase C. What second messenger molecule(s) is/are generated by activation of phospholipase C and what is/are the downstream effector(s)? Inositol trisphosphate (IP3), which causes the release of calcium from internal stores in the ER, and diacylglycerol (DAG). Th ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... 28. a) The radioactive carbon became incorporated into all of the cycle intermediates at atom positions that could only be explained by products also serving as substrates. The metabolism of oxaloacetate in one round of the cycle produces a different radioactively labeled product depending on the nu ...
... 28. a) The radioactive carbon became incorporated into all of the cycle intermediates at atom positions that could only be explained by products also serving as substrates. The metabolism of oxaloacetate in one round of the cycle produces a different radioactively labeled product depending on the nu ...
Disrupting Membranes
... tobacco plants. The plants grew callus other than normal cells. It became noticeable after ten days and was very obvious by the twenty-second day. ''The effect was dependent on the direction of the current,'' the scientists reported. When the callus was negative the growth rate stimulated by seventy ...
... tobacco plants. The plants grew callus other than normal cells. It became noticeable after ten days and was very obvious by the twenty-second day. ''The effect was dependent on the direction of the current,'' the scientists reported. When the callus was negative the growth rate stimulated by seventy ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... dependent protein kinase (AMPK, and that this may play a key role in its antidiabetic effects. (AMPK inhibitor blocks effects but not very specific). Activation of AMPK is through an indirect mechanism - (no effect on isolated AMPK). Metformin increases the calculated free [AMP] which could account ...
... dependent protein kinase (AMPK, and that this may play a key role in its antidiabetic effects. (AMPK inhibitor blocks effects but not very specific). Activation of AMPK is through an indirect mechanism - (no effect on isolated AMPK). Metformin increases the calculated free [AMP] which could account ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... B. In humans, there is no β (1-4) glucosidase that can digest such bonds. So cellulose passes as such in stool. C. Cellulose helps water retention during the passage of food along the intestine producing larger and softer feces ...
... B. In humans, there is no β (1-4) glucosidase that can digest such bonds. So cellulose passes as such in stool. C. Cellulose helps water retention during the passage of food along the intestine producing larger and softer feces ...
Other Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism Gluconeogenesis
... Pathways are controlled by allosteric effectors and covalent modifications (hormonal control) of: hexokinase glucose-6-phosphatase phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-2 pyruvate kinase pyruvate carboxylase PEP carboxykinase ...
... Pathways are controlled by allosteric effectors and covalent modifications (hormonal control) of: hexokinase glucose-6-phosphatase phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-2 pyruvate kinase pyruvate carboxylase PEP carboxykinase ...
MMG 301, Lecture 19 Fermentation
... fermenting fatty acids vs sugars (and which types of sugars)? • If a microbe can ferment either of two substrates, what controls the outcome if both substrates are present? • How might pH affect the energetics of ...
... fermenting fatty acids vs sugars (and which types of sugars)? • If a microbe can ferment either of two substrates, what controls the outcome if both substrates are present? • How might pH affect the energetics of ...
QUESTION POINTS TOTAL (300 points)
... receptors. How do you think this will affect the levels of circulating glucose immediately after a meal? How would the rate of glycogen synthesis in muscle be affected? Explain your answers (20 pts) Insulin is secreated from the pancreas following an increase in blood glucose. Insulinresponsive cell ...
... receptors. How do you think this will affect the levels of circulating glucose immediately after a meal? How would the rate of glycogen synthesis in muscle be affected? Explain your answers (20 pts) Insulin is secreated from the pancreas following an increase in blood glucose. Insulinresponsive cell ...
Chapter 9 Presentation
... • It is here that pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA and enters the citric acid cycle where the breakdown of glucose is completed. • In this process, CO2 is given off and a small amount of ATP is made, and NADH and FADH2 are generated. ...
... • It is here that pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA and enters the citric acid cycle where the breakdown of glucose is completed. • In this process, CO2 is given off and a small amount of ATP is made, and NADH and FADH2 are generated. ...
Chemical biology: Chromatin chemistry goes cellular
... because they give very broad signals. Instead, a way to implicitly confirm Baird’s rule by experimental means is to find a pair of closely related compounds that are, respectively, aromatic and antiaromatic in the S0 state and whose experimental fingerprints are drastically different. When excited t ...
... because they give very broad signals. Instead, a way to implicitly confirm Baird’s rule by experimental means is to find a pair of closely related compounds that are, respectively, aromatic and antiaromatic in the S0 state and whose experimental fingerprints are drastically different. When excited t ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).