Temporal trends in the discovery of human viruses
... upswings since 1954, roughly corresponding to the advent of tissue culture techniques for virus detection (figure 1). We confirmed that our model reproduced the observed slight downward trend in the rate of discovery since 1954 (figure 1) and the observed variance in the data from 1954 to 2006 (figu ...
... upswings since 1954, roughly corresponding to the advent of tissue culture techniques for virus detection (figure 1). We confirmed that our model reproduced the observed slight downward trend in the rate of discovery since 1954 (figure 1) and the observed variance in the data from 1954 to 2006 (figu ...
6 Infectious Bursal Disease
... isolates of European origin. They presented evidence for the existence of two serotypes, designated 1 and 2, and showed only 30% relatedness between several strains of serotype 1 and the designated prototype of that serotype. Similar findings were reported in the United States (79, 101), and the Ame ...
... isolates of European origin. They presented evidence for the existence of two serotypes, designated 1 and 2, and showed only 30% relatedness between several strains of serotype 1 and the designated prototype of that serotype. Similar findings were reported in the United States (79, 101), and the Ame ...
Poliomyelitis vaccines for Australians - fact sheet
... permanently zero and intervention measures such as vaccination would no longer be needed.10 In 2015, wild poliovirus type 2 was declared eradicated worldwide and type 3 had not been detected for nearly 3 years, moving the globe closer to the goal of eradication. Since 2014, only two countries have r ...
... permanently zero and intervention measures such as vaccination would no longer be needed.10 In 2015, wild poliovirus type 2 was declared eradicated worldwide and type 3 had not been detected for nearly 3 years, moving the globe closer to the goal of eradication. Since 2014, only two countries have r ...
prevelence and control measures of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
... were discharged and at the moment all bulls of AI centers are not infected with BHV-1. Other situation is in dairy farms. Till June of 2008 IBR control programs were performed in 22 farms or 6.9 % from all controlled dairy farms. Three farms had IBR free status. In most cases marker vaccine was used ...
... were discharged and at the moment all bulls of AI centers are not infected with BHV-1. Other situation is in dairy farms. Till June of 2008 IBR control programs were performed in 22 farms or 6.9 % from all controlled dairy farms. Three farms had IBR free status. In most cases marker vaccine was used ...
Communicable Disease Factsheet: Measles Information for Contacts
... While many older adults are immune to measles because they were infected as children, some young adults may have either not had measles, nor received measles immunisation. Unimmunised children who have come into contact with measles and who do not receive MMR or immunoglobulin should not attend scho ...
... While many older adults are immune to measles because they were infected as children, some young adults may have either not had measles, nor received measles immunisation. Unimmunised children who have come into contact with measles and who do not receive MMR or immunoglobulin should not attend scho ...
Regional workshop on brucellosis control in Central Asia and
... and subregional offices for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, in close coordination with the Animal Health Service (AGAH) at FAO Headquarters, organized a regional workshop on brucellosis control in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The workshop took place in Izmir, Turkey from 9 to 11 April 2013. Two ...
... and subregional offices for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, in close coordination with the Animal Health Service (AGAH) at FAO Headquarters, organized a regional workshop on brucellosis control in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The workshop took place in Izmir, Turkey from 9 to 11 April 2013. Two ...
PRRS Virus – What Happens After a Pig Becomes Infected with
... Infection by oral exposure has been demonstrated experimentally. Hypothetically, infection in the field could occur through oral exposure to viruscontaminated feed or water, but it has not been documented. Dispensing vaccine via drinking water offers significant labor saving advantages over vaccinat ...
... Infection by oral exposure has been demonstrated experimentally. Hypothetically, infection in the field could occur through oral exposure to viruscontaminated feed or water, but it has not been documented. Dispensing vaccine via drinking water offers significant labor saving advantages over vaccinat ...
Import Risk Analysis Imported Seropositive Animals
... Under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures, member countries of the World Trade Organisation are obliged to ensure that their sanitary measures are based on a scientific assessment of risk. MAF’s policy on serological positive animals constitutes an SPS measu ...
... Under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures, member countries of the World Trade Organisation are obliged to ensure that their sanitary measures are based on a scientific assessment of risk. MAF’s policy on serological positive animals constitutes an SPS measu ...
smallpox
... variola minor. The case mortality was 15 to 45% for variola major and 1% for variola minor. The infectious dose for smallpox is a few virions. The virus typically enters the body via respiratory or oral mucosa and is carried by macrophages to regional lymph nodes from which a primary asymptomatic vi ...
... variola minor. The case mortality was 15 to 45% for variola major and 1% for variola minor. The infectious dose for smallpox is a few virions. The virus typically enters the body via respiratory or oral mucosa and is carried by macrophages to regional lymph nodes from which a primary asymptomatic vi ...
Packaging and Shipping - Minnesota Department of Health
... This regulation is designed to enhance the safe transportation of hazardous materials, including infectious substances, and to harmonize the regulations with international transportation standards. The rule applies to infectious substances, including diagnostic specimens, biological products, regula ...
... This regulation is designed to enhance the safe transportation of hazardous materials, including infectious substances, and to harmonize the regulations with international transportation standards. The rule applies to infectious substances, including diagnostic specimens, biological products, regula ...
Modeling Responses to Anthrax and Smallpox Attacks
... secrete. To prevent this toxin from accumulating, antibiotic treatment to kill the bacteria must begin within a few days of exposure. The inhaled form of the disease is highly lethal; historical fatality rates approach 90% [4]. In the most recent large-scale exposure—an accidental release of spores ...
... secrete. To prevent this toxin from accumulating, antibiotic treatment to kill the bacteria must begin within a few days of exposure. The inhaled form of the disease is highly lethal; historical fatality rates approach 90% [4]. In the most recent large-scale exposure—an accidental release of spores ...
Phenotypes influencing the transmissibility of highly pathogenic
... and DkYK10 are PQRERRKKR, PQGERRRKKR and PQRERRRKKR, respectively. These viruses were propagated in the allantoic membrane of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, and the 50 % egg infective dose (EID50) was determined by the method of Reed and Muench (1938). The HPAI viruses were handled in a biosaf ...
... and DkYK10 are PQRERRKKR, PQGERRRKKR and PQRERRRKKR, respectively. These viruses were propagated in the allantoic membrane of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, and the 50 % egg infective dose (EID50) was determined by the method of Reed and Muench (1938). The HPAI viruses were handled in a biosaf ...
An Overview of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Chickens Abbreviated t
... control the disease due to existence of numerous IBV strains more of which continue to ...
... control the disease due to existence of numerous IBV strains more of which continue to ...
Ring Vaccination as a Control Strategy for Foot-and
... The last major outbreak of FMD occurred in Uruguay in 2001 along the border with Argentina. The first case was identified on April 24, 2001 in the western state of Soriano. This outbreak spread very rapidly until it was determined by Uruguay that the best course of action would be to vaccinate all ...
... The last major outbreak of FMD occurred in Uruguay in 2001 along the border with Argentina. The first case was identified on April 24, 2001 in the western state of Soriano. This outbreak spread very rapidly until it was determined by Uruguay that the best course of action would be to vaccinate all ...
Rift Valley Fever A Resurgent Threat Case Studies from Sudan and
... addition, Fredrick (2008) stated that RVF is the main cause of the most explosive zoonotic outbreak ever seen recently in Africa. It has been shown that the incidence of RVF is 10,000 diagnoses human cases per year in total (WHO, 2010a). The disease name was derived from the area of Rift Valley in K ...
... addition, Fredrick (2008) stated that RVF is the main cause of the most explosive zoonotic outbreak ever seen recently in Africa. It has been shown that the incidence of RVF is 10,000 diagnoses human cases per year in total (WHO, 2010a). The disease name was derived from the area of Rift Valley in K ...
The role of amniotic passage in the egg
... clinical material, a n M D C K cell-derived virus, three a m n i o t i c s a m p l e s ( A m virus), three c o r r e s p o n d i n g s a m p l e s o f a l l a n t o i c fluid h a r v e s t e d f r o m the eggs infected a m n i o t i c a l l y (A1 virus), a n d three a l l a n t o i c s a m p l e s f ...
... clinical material, a n M D C K cell-derived virus, three a m n i o t i c s a m p l e s ( A m virus), three c o r r e s p o n d i n g s a m p l e s o f a l l a n t o i c fluid h a r v e s t e d f r o m the eggs infected a m n i o t i c a l l y (A1 virus), a n d three a l l a n t o i c s a m p l e s f ...
lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas
... subclinical, control measures are to be applied to eradicate the infection itself rather than to suppress the symptoms. Economically IBR is a very important disease. Alongside other dangerous infectious diseases, IBR control is regulated by Part II of Annex E to Directive of the European Union 64/43 ...
... subclinical, control measures are to be applied to eradicate the infection itself rather than to suppress the symptoms. Economically IBR is a very important disease. Alongside other dangerous infectious diseases, IBR control is regulated by Part II of Annex E to Directive of the European Union 64/43 ...
GIDSAS
... The human monkeypox is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus The virus was isolated from primate tissues in 1958 In 1970, human monkeypox was identified the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Zoonotic outbreaks were subsequently observed in the US and Europe but monkeypox was not co ...
... The human monkeypox is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus The virus was isolated from primate tissues in 1958 In 1970, human monkeypox was identified the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Zoonotic outbreaks were subsequently observed in the US and Europe but monkeypox was not co ...
Executive Summary/Abstract
... The human monkeypox is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus The virus was isolated from primate tissues in 1958 In 1970, human monkeypox was identified the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Zoonotic outbreaks were subsequently observed in the US and Europe but monkeypox was not co ...
... The human monkeypox is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus The virus was isolated from primate tissues in 1958 In 1970, human monkeypox was identified the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Zoonotic outbreaks were subsequently observed in the US and Europe but monkeypox was not co ...
Disease name
... from the approximately 35 special workshops and short courses given abroad are added to the regular short course total, nearly 1,500 students from 58 countries have received formal training in shrimp pathology and diagnostic methods from the APL as of December 2009. ...
... from the approximately 35 special workshops and short courses given abroad are added to the regular short course total, nearly 1,500 students from 58 countries have received formal training in shrimp pathology and diagnostic methods from the APL as of December 2009. ...
Measles information for contacts
... receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy for cancer or people who take high-dose steroid medications) even if they have been fully immunised or have had past measles infection. ...
... receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy for cancer or people who take high-dose steroid medications) even if they have been fully immunised or have had past measles infection. ...
Diapositiva 1
... Fertility in the postpartum period is negatively influenced by the incidence of anoestrus, a condition characterised by the absence of oestrous behaviour. The primary factors that affect reestablishment of ovarian cyclicity are the deviation and fate of the dominant follicle. ...
... Fertility in the postpartum period is negatively influenced by the incidence of anoestrus, a condition characterised by the absence of oestrous behaviour. The primary factors that affect reestablishment of ovarian cyclicity are the deviation and fate of the dominant follicle. ...
3. Metritis
... Fertility in the postpartum period is negatively influenced by the incidence of anoestrus, a condition characterised by the absence of oestrous behaviour. The primary factors that affect reestablishment of ovarian cyclicity are the deviation and fate of the dominant follicle. ...
... Fertility in the postpartum period is negatively influenced by the incidence of anoestrus, a condition characterised by the absence of oestrous behaviour. The primary factors that affect reestablishment of ovarian cyclicity are the deviation and fate of the dominant follicle. ...
SOME PROPERTIES OF ROSE MOSAIC VIRUS FROM SOUTH
... tobacco streak virus, and Tulare apple mosaic virus (Fulton 1967b; Gibbs 1969) may also be included in the group. The report that tomato ringspot virus is related to RMV (Halliwell and Milbrath 1962), however, appears to be ill-founded and its physical properties (Stace-Smith 1966) indicate that it ...
... tobacco streak virus, and Tulare apple mosaic virus (Fulton 1967b; Gibbs 1969) may also be included in the group. The report that tomato ringspot virus is related to RMV (Halliwell and Milbrath 1962), however, appears to be ill-founded and its physical properties (Stace-Smith 1966) indicate that it ...
Why Should We Care? What Do We Do About It?
... distributed in the tropics and another species Aedes albopictus which is present in North America has been linked to several arboviral disease outbreaks in North America. The emergence of Zika virus from the Pacific to the Americas and now to the United Kingdom is a source of concern to Africa parti ...
... distributed in the tropics and another species Aedes albopictus which is present in North America has been linked to several arboviral disease outbreaks in North America. The emergence of Zika virus from the Pacific to the Americas and now to the United Kingdom is a source of concern to Africa parti ...
Rinderpest
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and some other species of even-toed ungulates, including buffaloes, large antelope and deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs. The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, tenesmus, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations. Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air. After a global eradication campaign, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.On 14 October 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest. On 25 May 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health announced the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized (a total of 198 countries were now free of the disease), officially declaring the eradication of the disease. In June 2011, the United Nations FAO confirmed the disease was eradicated, making rinderpest only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out, following smallpox.Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle. The term Rinderpest is a German word meaning ""cattle-plague"". The rinderpest virus (RPV) was closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.