IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... borne diseases has increased and poses major public and animal health problems that essentially require the strategic tick control methods. In India, tick and tick borne diseases cause an estimated loss of US $498.7 million (more than 2000 crores) per annum (Ghosh et al., 2006 and 2007; Minjauw & Mc ...
... borne diseases has increased and poses major public and animal health problems that essentially require the strategic tick control methods. In India, tick and tick borne diseases cause an estimated loss of US $498.7 million (more than 2000 crores) per annum (Ghosh et al., 2006 and 2007; Minjauw & Mc ...
Viral infections and bovine mastitis: a review
... the fact that viruses are generally considered not to play an important role. Watts (1988), e.g., identified 137 microbial species as causative agents of bovine mastitis, including agents involved in its pathogenesis. However, viruses were not included. The reasons for this negligence could be manif ...
... the fact that viruses are generally considered not to play an important role. Watts (1988), e.g., identified 137 microbial species as causative agents of bovine mastitis, including agents involved in its pathogenesis. However, viruses were not included. The reasons for this negligence could be manif ...
Prevaccination Antibody Screening and Immunization Program for
... mumps and varicella, and one dose for rubella; 2) laboratory evidence of immunity (i.e., positive serology), 3) laboratory confirmation of disease for mumps, measles and rubella; or 4) physician diagnosed varicella (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2011). In 2007 and 2008, Japan experience ...
... mumps and varicella, and one dose for rubella; 2) laboratory evidence of immunity (i.e., positive serology), 3) laboratory confirmation of disease for mumps, measles and rubella; or 4) physician diagnosed varicella (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2011). In 2007 and 2008, Japan experience ...
MMWR - American Hospital Association
... Smallpox vaccine is administered by using the multiple-puncture technique with a bifurcated needle, packaged with the vaccine and diluent. According to the product labeling, 2–3 punctures are recommended for primary vaccination and 15 punctures for revaccination. A trace of blood should appear at th ...
... Smallpox vaccine is administered by using the multiple-puncture technique with a bifurcated needle, packaged with the vaccine and diluent. According to the product labeling, 2–3 punctures are recommended for primary vaccination and 15 punctures for revaccination. A trace of blood should appear at th ...
eradicate it by 2010? Measles in the United Kingdom: can we
... Measles epidemiology and transmission Measles is caused by a single stranded RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus from the paramyxovirus family.4 It is among the most contagious of diseases,5 with a basic reproductive number (R0) of 15-20 (box 1).6 The virus remains transmissible in the air or on in ...
... Measles epidemiology and transmission Measles is caused by a single stranded RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus from the paramyxovirus family.4 It is among the most contagious of diseases,5 with a basic reproductive number (R0) of 15-20 (box 1).6 The virus remains transmissible in the air or on in ...
Recommendations for Using Smallpox Vaccine in a Pre-Event Vaccination Program
... Smallpox vaccine is administered by using the multiple-puncture technique with a bifurcated needle, packaged with the vaccine and diluent. According to the product labeling, 2–3 punctures are recommended for primary vaccination and 15 punctures for revaccination. A trace of blood should appear at th ...
... Smallpox vaccine is administered by using the multiple-puncture technique with a bifurcated needle, packaged with the vaccine and diluent. According to the product labeling, 2–3 punctures are recommended for primary vaccination and 15 punctures for revaccination. A trace of blood should appear at th ...
ASPR TRACIE Zika Virus Disease Resources at Your Fingertips
... Zika virus has been detected in semen up to eight weeks after the onset of febrile illness and very high concentrations of live virus have been detected in semen at 2 weeks. (Updated May ...
... Zika virus has been detected in semen up to eight weeks after the onset of febrile illness and very high concentrations of live virus have been detected in semen at 2 weeks. (Updated May ...
Diseases of antelope - Ministry for Primary Industries
... (Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1) is considered to be a moderate risk for introduction. This disease would only be a risk if wildebeest or other members of the sub-family Alcelaphinae were introduced. The consequences of introducing this virus are high for zoos, but insignificant for the livestock industr ...
... (Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1) is considered to be a moderate risk for introduction. This disease would only be a risk if wildebeest or other members of the sub-family Alcelaphinae were introduced. The consequences of introducing this virus are high for zoos, but insignificant for the livestock industr ...
An Overview and the Economic Impacts Associated with Mandatory
... varies from two weeks to one year. There is no treatment for brucellosis and animals that are infected with the bacteria are considered life long carriers. Over the past century, Federal and State governments, along with the livestock industry, have endured billions of dollars in direct losses and c ...
... varies from two weeks to one year. There is no treatment for brucellosis and animals that are infected with the bacteria are considered life long carriers. Over the past century, Federal and State governments, along with the livestock industry, have endured billions of dollars in direct losses and c ...
Bovilis ® IBR Marker Live - MSD Animal Health Ireland
... Bovilis IBR Marker Inac contains inactivated antigen of BHV-1 strain GK/D, 60 Elisa units per dose of 2 ml. For the active immunisation of cattle to reduce the intensity and duration of clinical signs (pyrexia) induced by an infection with BHV-1 as well as to reduce the replication and nasal excreti ...
... Bovilis IBR Marker Inac contains inactivated antigen of BHV-1 strain GK/D, 60 Elisa units per dose of 2 ml. For the active immunisation of cattle to reduce the intensity and duration of clinical signs (pyrexia) induced by an infection with BHV-1 as well as to reduce the replication and nasal excreti ...
Persistence of Disease Agents in Carcases / Animal
... A search was made of Medline (PubMed), CAB Abstracts, Agricola, Australian Bibliography of Agriculture (ABOA) and Current Contents databases for relevant papers (reviews, epidemiological articles) on each disease / agent. The searches were conducted by the Senior Librarian at the Victorian Institute ...
... A search was made of Medline (PubMed), CAB Abstracts, Agricola, Australian Bibliography of Agriculture (ABOA) and Current Contents databases for relevant papers (reviews, epidemiological articles) on each disease / agent. The searches were conducted by the Senior Librarian at the Victorian Institute ...
attachment 1
... It is not the purpose of this IRA to detail the interaction between the disease agent and embryos. However, for pathogens to be transmitted by embryo transfer, they must be present within the cells of the embryo (true embryonic infection); in association with the zona pellucida; in the embryo ...
... It is not the purpose of this IRA to detail the interaction between the disease agent and embryos. However, for pathogens to be transmitted by embryo transfer, they must be present within the cells of the embryo (true embryonic infection); in association with the zona pellucida; in the embryo ...
characterization of infectious bursal disease viruses
... the basis of antigenicity to reveal a difference between the five IBDV field isolates. The relatedness of the field isolates to other known variant IBDV strains was evaluated using VP2 sequence analysis and two monoclonal antibody (MAb) methodologies, transfection and immunofluorescence and whole vi ...
... the basis of antigenicity to reveal a difference between the five IBDV field isolates. The relatedness of the field isolates to other known variant IBDV strains was evaluated using VP2 sequence analysis and two monoclonal antibody (MAb) methodologies, transfection and immunofluorescence and whole vi ...
STUDIES IN RODENT POLIOMYELITIS
... guinea pig between the 173rd and 214th mouse passage. Beginning with the 230th mouse passage, however, transfer of murine virus again brought on occasional paralysis in the injected guinea pigs. In subsequent passages (233rd to 272nd) the incidence of paralysis reached again the approximate level of ...
... guinea pig between the 173rd and 214th mouse passage. Beginning with the 230th mouse passage, however, transfer of murine virus again brought on occasional paralysis in the injected guinea pigs. In subsequent passages (233rd to 272nd) the incidence of paralysis reached again the approximate level of ...
Johne`s Disease - Animal Health Ireland
... 2. How long does it take for MAP infection to cause clinical disease? An animal with a new infection will not show signs of disease and will appear to be healthy (Whitlock and Buergelt, 1996). The time required before an infected animal will show signs of disease is very variable, but usually it tak ...
... 2. How long does it take for MAP infection to cause clinical disease? An animal with a new infection will not show signs of disease and will appear to be healthy (Whitlock and Buergelt, 1996). The time required before an infected animal will show signs of disease is very variable, but usually it tak ...
11 Measles - Ministry of Health
... Measles is an RNA virus, from the genus Morbillivirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae. Humans are the only natural host for the measles virus. The virus is rapidly inactivated by sunlight, heat and extremes of pH.1 ...
... Measles is an RNA virus, from the genus Morbillivirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae. Humans are the only natural host for the measles virus. The virus is rapidly inactivated by sunlight, heat and extremes of pH.1 ...
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMALLPOX CHAPTER 4 Contents
... countries in southern Africa . During this period successful country-wide elimination did not always mean that subsequent importations would be successfully contained . For example, after the elimination of endemic smallpox from Egypt in the mid-1930s, variola major was reintroduced during the Secon ...
... countries in southern Africa . During this period successful country-wide elimination did not always mean that subsequent importations would be successfully contained . For example, after the elimination of endemic smallpox from Egypt in the mid-1930s, variola major was reintroduced during the Secon ...
Interim Guidelines for Health Care Providers Caring for Infants and
... fever, macular or papular rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis were the most common signs and symptoms (2). In that outbreak, children aged 0–19 years had lower attack rates of confirmed and probable Zika virus disease than did adults aged 20–59 years (2). Additional published data are available for ...
... fever, macular or papular rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis were the most common signs and symptoms (2). In that outbreak, children aged 0–19 years had lower attack rates of confirmed and probable Zika virus disease than did adults aged 20–59 years (2). Additional published data are available for ...
Table 1
... Raes M, Strens D, Vergison A, Verghote M, Standaert B. Reduction in pediatric rotavirus-related hospitalizations after universal rotavirus vaccination in Belgium. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2011;30: e120–e25. De Oliveira LH, Giglio N, Ciapponi A, et al. Temporal trends in diarrhea-related ...
... Raes M, Strens D, Vergison A, Verghote M, Standaert B. Reduction in pediatric rotavirus-related hospitalizations after universal rotavirus vaccination in Belgium. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2011;30: e120–e25. De Oliveira LH, Giglio N, Ciapponi A, et al. Temporal trends in diarrhea-related ...
Myxoma virus in rabbits
... resistance. However, in the following years there was a predominance of attenuated strains of myxoma virus which allowed survival of more infected rabbits. This may have been aided by high ambient temperatures (see below). Table II shows that from the second epidemic onwards, virtually all kittens w ...
... resistance. However, in the following years there was a predominance of attenuated strains of myxoma virus which allowed survival of more infected rabbits. This may have been aided by high ambient temperatures (see below). Table II shows that from the second epidemic onwards, virtually all kittens w ...
Smallpox Chapter (Pink Book)
... form in ordinary-type smallpox. It is not known with certainty why some persons develop this type of disease. In a large series of persons hospitalized with smallpox in India, flat-type smallpox accounted for 5%–10% of cases, and the majority (72%) were in children. The prodrome is severe and lasts ...
... form in ordinary-type smallpox. It is not known with certainty why some persons develop this type of disease. In a large series of persons hospitalized with smallpox in India, flat-type smallpox accounted for 5%–10% of cases, and the majority (72%) were in children. The prodrome is severe and lasts ...
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) – Infectious, Contagious
... Cattle BSE most likely originated from sheep scrapie, although this will remain to be an issue for debate. The disease can be transmitted from cattle to a range of species, and has resulted in smaller TSE epidemics in domestic cats, zoo cats and zoo ruminants, and in humans. Transmission in the fiel ...
... Cattle BSE most likely originated from sheep scrapie, although this will remain to be an issue for debate. The disease can be transmitted from cattle to a range of species, and has resulted in smaller TSE epidemics in domestic cats, zoo cats and zoo ruminants, and in humans. Transmission in the fiel ...
recurrent outbreaks of measles, chickenpox and
... then the time from exposure to the beginreceipt of notification in the health departning of infectivity; although called the ment is estimated to be about 10 days, the incubation period, it is perhaps a few days monthly totals for one month represent shorter than the usual incubation period, mainly ...
... then the time from exposure to the beginreceipt of notification in the health departning of infectivity; although called the ment is estimated to be about 10 days, the incubation period, it is perhaps a few days monthly totals for one month represent shorter than the usual incubation period, mainly ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS - BC Centre for Disease Control
... Virus identification should be attempted for all sporadic cases of suspect or probable measles. In an outbreak, specimens should be collected from several cases to increase the success of virus identification, isolation, and subsequent genotyping. Submit a nasopharyngeal swab and urine sample for me ...
... Virus identification should be attempted for all sporadic cases of suspect or probable measles. In an outbreak, specimens should be collected from several cases to increase the success of virus identification, isolation, and subsequent genotyping. Submit a nasopharyngeal swab and urine sample for me ...
Rinderpest
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and some other species of even-toed ungulates, including buffaloes, large antelope and deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs. The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, tenesmus, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations. Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air. After a global eradication campaign, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.On 14 October 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest. On 25 May 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health announced the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized (a total of 198 countries were now free of the disease), officially declaring the eradication of the disease. In June 2011, the United Nations FAO confirmed the disease was eradicated, making rinderpest only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out, following smallpox.Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle. The term Rinderpest is a German word meaning ""cattle-plague"". The rinderpest virus (RPV) was closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.