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vaccination in the hatchery
... The objective of this article is to draw the main lines that explain this success. ...
... The objective of this article is to draw the main lines that explain this success. ...
Evaluating Transmission of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus to Cattle by
... infections.4,5 Persistently infected (PI) whitetailed deer can shed BVDV at similar levels to PI cattle,6 and contact of pregnant does with PI fawns can result in BVDV transmission and birth of PI fawns.5 In the United States, evidence of persistent infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer was de ...
... infections.4,5 Persistently infected (PI) whitetailed deer can shed BVDV at similar levels to PI cattle,6 and contact of pregnant does with PI fawns can result in BVDV transmission and birth of PI fawns.5 In the United States, evidence of persistent infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer was de ...
Characterization of a Highly Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus.
... lesions in the organ, generally mild to moderate in severity, could not be prevented by these strains. Comparing the potency of the two vaccines , it seemed that strain B conferred a higher level of immunity than strain C, as demonstrated by slightly more severe challenge - induced bursal lesions in ...
... lesions in the organ, generally mild to moderate in severity, could not be prevented by these strains. Comparing the potency of the two vaccines , it seemed that strain B conferred a higher level of immunity than strain C, as demonstrated by slightly more severe challenge - induced bursal lesions in ...
The length of BTV-8 viraemia in cattle according to infection doses
... 2.3. Sampling and laboratory tests From each animal, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood and serum samples were taken before the infection and three times a week for 10 weeks. Serum samples were tested for the presence of BTV-8 antibodies by serum neutralisation (Savini et al., 2004). Blood ...
... 2.3. Sampling and laboratory tests From each animal, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood and serum samples were taken before the infection and three times a week for 10 weeks. Serum samples were tested for the presence of BTV-8 antibodies by serum neutralisation (Savini et al., 2004). Blood ...
Lecture 4
... Vaccines: these are suspension of attenuated or killed micro organisms (Viruses, Bacteria or Ricketssiae), administered for prevention of infectious diseases. They can provoke effective and often specific, long term immunity. They can also be defined as any biological agent used to produce active im ...
... Vaccines: these are suspension of attenuated or killed micro organisms (Viruses, Bacteria or Ricketssiae), administered for prevention of infectious diseases. They can provoke effective and often specific, long term immunity. They can also be defined as any biological agent used to produce active im ...
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A BOVINE RESPIRATORY
... by Paccaud and Jacquier (1970) who found that although the clinical signs in cattle were very similar to those described in man, the most severely affected animals were cows and not calves in contrast to man where the course of the disease is usually more severe in infants than in older children or ...
... by Paccaud and Jacquier (1970) who found that although the clinical signs in cattle were very similar to those described in man, the most severely affected animals were cows and not calves in contrast to man where the course of the disease is usually more severe in infants than in older children or ...
Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease
... mutation of equine influenza virus H3N8, and has spread to dog populations across the United States. The infection has also been identified in England and Australia, although dog-to-dog transmission in those countries has not been demonstrated. Dogs of any age and health status are susceptible, and ...
... mutation of equine influenza virus H3N8, and has spread to dog populations across the United States. The infection has also been identified in England and Australia, although dog-to-dog transmission in those countries has not been demonstrated. Dogs of any age and health status are susceptible, and ...
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
... more effective than vaccination with a heterologous strain. In the United States there are approved modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines for the reproductive and respiratory forms of PRRS. MLV vaccines are used in piglets from three weeks of age or sows and gilts 3-6 weeks prior to breeding. In Europe ...
... more effective than vaccination with a heterologous strain. In the United States there are approved modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines for the reproductive and respiratory forms of PRRS. MLV vaccines are used in piglets from three weeks of age or sows and gilts 3-6 weeks prior to breeding. In Europe ...
A Review of Melanie`s Marvelous Measles
... Research in animals had demonstrated that injection of inactivated virus (and most vaccines are made of attenuated or inactivated viruses) was capable of achieving only short duration of protection, during which the serum taken from such animals had virusneutralizing properties. In contrast, inocul ...
... Research in animals had demonstrated that injection of inactivated virus (and most vaccines are made of attenuated or inactivated viruses) was capable of achieving only short duration of protection, during which the serum taken from such animals had virusneutralizing properties. In contrast, inocul ...
Viral haemorrhagic fevers in South Africa
... the disease, with nearly 500 losing their lives.[44] The scale of this outbreak has been exacerbated by poor socioeconomic conditions in the affected countries and an inadequate medical infrastructure that caused delays in the initial recognition of the disease and failure to respond timeously.[2] C ...
... the disease, with nearly 500 losing their lives.[44] The scale of this outbreak has been exacerbated by poor socioeconomic conditions in the affected countries and an inadequate medical infrastructure that caused delays in the initial recognition of the disease and failure to respond timeously.[2] C ...
Causation and Disease: The Henle-Koch
... rence of the parasite in the disease can no longer be accidental, but in this case no other relation between it and the disease except that the parasite is the cause of the disease can be considered." At the time of presentation Koch felt that certain human and animal agents fully fulfilled these cr ...
... rence of the parasite in the disease can no longer be accidental, but in this case no other relation between it and the disease except that the parasite is the cause of the disease can be considered." At the time of presentation Koch felt that certain human and animal agents fully fulfilled these cr ...
controling animal diseases
... Economic impact of Foot and Mouth Disease outbreaks in 2001 in UK: • direct economic effects on agriculture agriculture, the food industry and the public sector : estimated at £3.1 billion • direct costs to tourism, tourism as a loss of expenditure : £2.7/£3.2 £2 7/£3 2 billion • indirect costs to i ...
... Economic impact of Foot and Mouth Disease outbreaks in 2001 in UK: • direct economic effects on agriculture agriculture, the food industry and the public sector : estimated at £3.1 billion • direct costs to tourism, tourism as a loss of expenditure : £2.7/£3.2 £2 7/£3 2 billion • indirect costs to i ...
Eradication of Infectious Diseases: Its Concept, Then and Now
... resources have been invested in global polio eradication and measles eradication in the Western Hemisphere. The former is apparently now at the “end game”, the latter, after successful campaign in the Americas, aims at program development worldwide. However, both endeavors are being challenged by de ...
... resources have been invested in global polio eradication and measles eradication in the Western Hemisphere. The former is apparently now at the “end game”, the latter, after successful campaign in the Americas, aims at program development worldwide. However, both endeavors are being challenged by de ...
Recurring Outbreaks of Fowl Pox in a Poultry Farm in... Southeast Nigeria Okwor, Emmanuel C*.,Eze, Didacus C and Chah, Kennedy F.
... cockerels that was introduced in a pen at the age of 5 weeks. The disease occurred 3 weeks after introduction. The birds were not vaccinated against the disease. The clinical signs observed in this outbreak were typical of both cutaneous and diphtheritic forms of fowl pox. There was reduced feed and ...
... cockerels that was introduced in a pen at the age of 5 weeks. The disease occurred 3 weeks after introduction. The birds were not vaccinated against the disease. The clinical signs observed in this outbreak were typical of both cutaneous and diphtheritic forms of fowl pox. There was reduced feed and ...
Herd Health Planning - IBR
... individual animals can fail to pick up a carrier animal • Separate cattle with 3 metre fencing to eliminate nose-to-nose contact from neighbouring farms or between separately managed groups • An infected stock bull can be an efficient transmitter of infection. Pay attention to the status of the bull ...
... individual animals can fail to pick up a carrier animal • Separate cattle with 3 metre fencing to eliminate nose-to-nose contact from neighbouring farms or between separately managed groups • An infected stock bull can be an efficient transmitter of infection. Pay attention to the status of the bull ...
Lettuce chlorosis virus
... (LIYV; EPPO/CABI, 1996) in its host range, insect transmission and serology. LCV is transmitted by whiteflies but it apparently has a monopartite genome. Within the family Closteroviridae, the genus Closterovirus was proposed to include monopartite members which are aphid-transmitted and the genus C ...
... (LIYV; EPPO/CABI, 1996) in its host range, insect transmission and serology. LCV is transmitted by whiteflies but it apparently has a monopartite genome. Within the family Closteroviridae, the genus Closterovirus was proposed to include monopartite members which are aphid-transmitted and the genus C ...
Immunological tolerance of Bhutanese native chicken to Infectious
... Infectious bursal disease is a disease of economic importance worldwide. Vaccination is the only the effective method to control the disease. The selection and breeding for disease resistance is an emerging concept towards a sustainable alternative for control the disease in future. Individual chick ...
... Infectious bursal disease is a disease of economic importance worldwide. Vaccination is the only the effective method to control the disease. The selection and breeding for disease resistance is an emerging concept towards a sustainable alternative for control the disease in future. Individual chick ...
Avian Gyrovirus 2 and Avirulent Newcastle Disease Virus Coinfection in... Flock with Neurologic Symptoms and High Mortalities
... strain and were subsequently treated for 5 days with a broadspectrum antibiotic through the drinking water. Another house of 800 21-day-old broilers displayed similar neurologic symptoms and were also treated. Despite the success of this regime in previous NDV outbreaks, all birds of both age groups ...
... strain and were subsequently treated for 5 days with a broadspectrum antibiotic through the drinking water. Another house of 800 21-day-old broilers displayed similar neurologic symptoms and were also treated. Despite the success of this regime in previous NDV outbreaks, all birds of both age groups ...
elimination and eradication of diseases, with special reference to
... rabies was declared eradicated from the United Kingdom. In the first decade of this century yellow fever was eradicated from Cuba. In 1917, a decision was made to eradicate bovine tuberculosis from the United States of America. However, modem ideas on eradication began with the work of Soper and his ...
... rabies was declared eradicated from the United Kingdom. In the first decade of this century yellow fever was eradicated from Cuba. In 1917, a decision was made to eradicate bovine tuberculosis from the United States of America. However, modem ideas on eradication began with the work of Soper and his ...
History of Small Pox
... CDC (Center for Disease Control), people who received the vaccination have the same risk of getting smallpox as the people who haven’t had the vaccination (The New York Times, 2007). The last epidemic happened in Somalia during 1977 (Brannon, 2004). “On May 8, 1980, the World Health Assembly declare ...
... CDC (Center for Disease Control), people who received the vaccination have the same risk of getting smallpox as the people who haven’t had the vaccination (The New York Times, 2007). The last epidemic happened in Somalia during 1977 (Brannon, 2004). “On May 8, 1980, the World Health Assembly declare ...
a historical review of the Measles virus, vaccine and outbreaks
... the most likely villain, but it could also be one or more of the others." --Dr. Mendelsohn, M.D. ...
... the most likely villain, but it could also be one or more of the others." --Dr. Mendelsohn, M.D. ...
mild mosaic and faint mottle ringspot, two papaya virus diseases of
... range, aphid transmission, physical properties, and in some aspects of symptomatology, it seems likely that they are closely related, but distinct strains of the same basic virus. Characteristic symptoms produced by these viruses have not varied during the twelve years they have been maintained in t ...
... range, aphid transmission, physical properties, and in some aspects of symptomatology, it seems likely that they are closely related, but distinct strains of the same basic virus. Characteristic symptoms produced by these viruses have not varied during the twelve years they have been maintained in t ...
A Flexible Spatial Framework for Modeling Spread of Pathogens in
... FMD virus is a member of the Picornaviridae family of viruses that infects ungulates or ―hoof stock‖ like cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and deer [21]. The clinical disease caused by FMD virus is characterized by fever, anorexia, and the appearance of vesicles on the mucous membranes of the mouth and ...
... FMD virus is a member of the Picornaviridae family of viruses that infects ungulates or ―hoof stock‖ like cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and deer [21]. The clinical disease caused by FMD virus is characterized by fever, anorexia, and the appearance of vesicles on the mucous membranes of the mouth and ...
National Certification Committee for Polio Eradication
... – NCCPE to convince itself that country is ‘polio free’ ...
... – NCCPE to convince itself that country is ‘polio free’ ...
P.Stefanowicz_Rola pielegniarki.indd
... Vaccine is a preparation which contains a definite antigen or antigens, used to produce active immunity. Vaccinations in Poland can either be mass-scale or individual operations. These vaccinations are performed on the basis of the Immunization Programme announced by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate ...
... Vaccine is a preparation which contains a definite antigen or antigens, used to produce active immunity. Vaccinations in Poland can either be mass-scale or individual operations. These vaccinations are performed on the basis of the Immunization Programme announced by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate ...
Rinderpest
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and some other species of even-toed ungulates, including buffaloes, large antelope and deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs. The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, tenesmus, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations. Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air. After a global eradication campaign, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.On 14 October 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest. On 25 May 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health announced the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized (a total of 198 countries were now free of the disease), officially declaring the eradication of the disease. In June 2011, the United Nations FAO confirmed the disease was eradicated, making rinderpest only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out, following smallpox.Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle. The term Rinderpest is a German word meaning ""cattle-plague"". The rinderpest virus (RPV) was closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.