![Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/001376024_1-51c230e61001c65606f3ff37fe21d046-300x300.png)
Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks
... 2013) of 12 102 outbreaks of 215 human infectious diseases, comprising more than 44 million total cases occurring in 219 nations (table 1). The data are curated as prose records of confirmed outbreaks in the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Online Network (GIDEON) and are accessible via su ...
... 2013) of 12 102 outbreaks of 215 human infectious diseases, comprising more than 44 million total cases occurring in 219 nations (table 1). The data are curated as prose records of confirmed outbreaks in the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Online Network (GIDEON) and are accessible via su ...
Disease Survey of Free-ranging Grey Brocket
... unknown. It is possible that these diseases are highly virulent in brocket deer (e.g., FMD); thus, infected animals die prior to mounting an immune response and would not be present in the population at the time of sampling. This limited study provides the most comprehensive disease survey of freera ...
... unknown. It is possible that these diseases are highly virulent in brocket deer (e.g., FMD); thus, infected animals die prior to mounting an immune response and would not be present in the population at the time of sampling. This limited study provides the most comprehensive disease survey of freera ...
The Circular, Segmented Nucleocaspid of an Arenavirus
... equilibrium centrifugation in combination gradients of potassium tartrate and glycerol (KT: GLY) followed by velocity sedimentation in sucrose density gradients as described previously (Obijeski et al. I976a). Virus material was prepared for electron microscopy by a pseudoreplica technique and was s ...
... equilibrium centrifugation in combination gradients of potassium tartrate and glycerol (KT: GLY) followed by velocity sedimentation in sucrose density gradients as described previously (Obijeski et al. I976a). Virus material was prepared for electron microscopy by a pseudoreplica technique and was s ...
Veterinary vaccines for public health and prevention of viral
... occur mostly asymptomatically in livestock. For poultry, various inactivated (84) and live vaccines based on either or both of the S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis antigens are commercially available (5, 34). Also, live vaccination with attenuated S. gallinarum, which is a strict poultry pathogen ha ...
... occur mostly asymptomatically in livestock. For poultry, various inactivated (84) and live vaccines based on either or both of the S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis antigens are commercially available (5, 34). Also, live vaccination with attenuated S. gallinarum, which is a strict poultry pathogen ha ...
FAO EMPRES 2010 African Swine Fever Situation Report
... Earlier indications of ASF dynamics in the Caucasus region (FAO, 2008) and southern parts of the Russian Federation (FAO, 2009) suggest that in areas where smallholder pig production is common, ASF spreads progressively along trade routes, occasionally infecting wild boar (Figure 1). This spread can ...
... Earlier indications of ASF dynamics in the Caucasus region (FAO, 2008) and southern parts of the Russian Federation (FAO, 2009) suggest that in areas where smallholder pig production is common, ASF spreads progressively along trade routes, occasionally infecting wild boar (Figure 1). This spread can ...
Risks of Emerging Infectious Diseases: Evolving Threats in a
... and eastern parts of the Mediterranean basin, where 180 million people are ‘water-poor’ (<1000 m3 per capita per year) and 60 million suffer conditions of water scarcity (<500 m3 per capita per year; Plan Bleu, 2009). This situation will likely worsen with ongoing changes. The regional effects of cl ...
... and eastern parts of the Mediterranean basin, where 180 million people are ‘water-poor’ (<1000 m3 per capita per year) and 60 million suffer conditions of water scarcity (<500 m3 per capita per year; Plan Bleu, 2009). This situation will likely worsen with ongoing changes. The regional effects of cl ...
Role of vaccination and the evaluation of LSD control programmes
... is likely to be highly variable between different settings depending on: ...
... is likely to be highly variable between different settings depending on: ...
Real-time PCR
... • Hosted Borlaug scholar Mr Bambang Hanggono, of the Indonesian Government’s Situbondo Laboratory. Mr Hanggono visited the Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory for 12 weeks (17 September to 3 December, 2011). Mr Hanggono’s training emphasized histopathology and molecular diagnostic tests for major shrim ...
... • Hosted Borlaug scholar Mr Bambang Hanggono, of the Indonesian Government’s Situbondo Laboratory. Mr Hanggono visited the Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory for 12 weeks (17 September to 3 December, 2011). Mr Hanggono’s training emphasized histopathology and molecular diagnostic tests for major shrim ...
against Intra-serotype
... The rescue of vSAT2ZIM14-SAT2 virus from a chimeric genomelength cDNA plasmid has been described before [34]. Culture fluids from SAT2/ZIM/14/90 and vSAT2ZIM14-SAT2 infected BHK-21 cells were harvested, inactivated with 5mM binary ethyleneimine (BEI) for 26 h at 25 ◦C, clarified by centrifugation, con ...
... The rescue of vSAT2ZIM14-SAT2 virus from a chimeric genomelength cDNA plasmid has been described before [34]. Culture fluids from SAT2/ZIM/14/90 and vSAT2ZIM14-SAT2 infected BHK-21 cells were harvested, inactivated with 5mM binary ethyleneimine (BEI) for 26 h at 25 ◦C, clarified by centrifugation, con ...
Measles, Mumps and Rubella Infections and Encephalitis
... He wrote a letter to parents encouraging them to get their children vaccinated. Many countries across Europe are currently experiencing large epidemics of measles because not enough children have had the MMR vaccine. Acute Encephalitis contributed to 4 of 10 measles related deaths reported in Europe ...
... He wrote a letter to parents encouraging them to get their children vaccinated. Many countries across Europe are currently experiencing large epidemics of measles because not enough children have had the MMR vaccine. Acute Encephalitis contributed to 4 of 10 measles related deaths reported in Europe ...
detection of variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus in
... ELISA-positive bursal samples, 54.02% represented traditional vaccinal viruses, 29.89% represented traditional non-vaccinal viruses, while 16.09% were identified as virulent and non traditional viruses (vvIBDVs) not previously identified in the region (Table 2). It was also noticed that variant stra ...
... ELISA-positive bursal samples, 54.02% represented traditional vaccinal viruses, 29.89% represented traditional non-vaccinal viruses, while 16.09% were identified as virulent and non traditional viruses (vvIBDVs) not previously identified in the region (Table 2). It was also noticed that variant stra ...
35. Natural aerosol transmission of foot-and-mouth disease in sheep
... In the present study, FMD transmission by longer-term exposure of sheep to a low concentration of an FMDV containing natural aerosol was examined. Two out of three recipient sheep developed subclinical disease. The concentration of FMD virus aerosol in the room at the peak was approximately 0.02 TCI ...
... In the present study, FMD transmission by longer-term exposure of sheep to a low concentration of an FMDV containing natural aerosol was examined. Two out of three recipient sheep developed subclinical disease. The concentration of FMD virus aerosol in the room at the peak was approximately 0.02 TCI ...
Some New Emerging Viral Diseases in South America and East
... is also the endemic area of other tropical viral diseases, especially for dengue [5,6] and Venezuelan equine encephalitis [7]. It can be expected that the Iquitos has already been existed in this area for a very long time but it is not recognized and some infected cases might be misdiagnosed as othe ...
... is also the endemic area of other tropical viral diseases, especially for dengue [5,6] and Venezuelan equine encephalitis [7]. It can be expected that the Iquitos has already been existed in this area for a very long time but it is not recognized and some infected cases might be misdiagnosed as othe ...
item[`#file`]->filename - Open Michigan
... Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact [email protected] with any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content. For more information about how to cite these materials visit http://open.umich.edu/education/about/terms-of-use. Any medical i ...
... Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact [email protected] with any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content. For more information about how to cite these materials visit http://open.umich.edu/education/about/terms-of-use. Any medical i ...
Five postulates for resolving outbreaks of infectious disease
... Strict proof of clonality may, however, be difficult to establish. The simplest tests can show that microbial isolates differ, but the fullest molecular analysis may be needed to prove that they are identical, i.e. clonal. Isolates can share an easily identified phenotype such as the same phage type ...
... Strict proof of clonality may, however, be difficult to establish. The simplest tests can show that microbial isolates differ, but the fullest molecular analysis may be needed to prove that they are identical, i.e. clonal. Isolates can share an easily identified phenotype such as the same phage type ...
Outbreaks of Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease in Flocks of Battery
... and mortality worsened and lasted for 9 days. The birds that survived (347) were disposed off and the house was thoroughly cleaned, washed, and disinfected. The second outbreak occurred in a flock of 9,000, 4-weekold brown pullets. The chicks were vaccinated against ND at days 10 and 20 of age and I ...
... and mortality worsened and lasted for 9 days. The birds that survived (347) were disposed off and the house was thoroughly cleaned, washed, and disinfected. The second outbreak occurred in a flock of 9,000, 4-weekold brown pullets. The chicks were vaccinated against ND at days 10 and 20 of age and I ...
Comparative Study of Commercially Available Infectious Bursal
... The occurrence of D78 in the tissue may be due to the reasons that either maternal antibody might have interfered with the live vaccine or the immunity induced by the live vaccines might simply be insufficient. It indicates that these available vaccines did not induce full protection in the presence ...
... The occurrence of D78 in the tissue may be due to the reasons that either maternal antibody might have interfered with the live vaccine or the immunity induced by the live vaccines might simply be insufficient. It indicates that these available vaccines did not induce full protection in the presence ...
Document
... Vaccination The smallpox vaccine is actual live vaccinia virus, unlike other vaccines which use dead virus; for this reason the vaccination site must be cared for to prevent spread Smallpox vaccine is administered using a bifurcated needle, not an injection, unlike any other vaccine The bifur ...
... Vaccination The smallpox vaccine is actual live vaccinia virus, unlike other vaccines which use dead virus; for this reason the vaccination site must be cared for to prevent spread Smallpox vaccine is administered using a bifurcated needle, not an injection, unlike any other vaccine The bifur ...
An overview of Ebola virus disease
... tion occurs in humans, the virus can be transmitted through direct contact with blood, body fuids of a EVD patient, needles or syringes that have been contaminated with the virus or infected fruit bats or primates. Ebola virus infection does not spread through contaminated air water, food, or by mos ...
... tion occurs in humans, the virus can be transmitted through direct contact with blood, body fuids of a EVD patient, needles or syringes that have been contaminated with the virus or infected fruit bats or primates. Ebola virus infection does not spread through contaminated air water, food, or by mos ...
Conventional and molecular detection of Newcastle disease and
... the birds may have fibrotic or cystic bursa of Fabricius that become atrophied prematurely (before six months of age) and may die of infections by agents that would not usually cause disease in immunocompetent birds (The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006). The postmortem findings were haemorrhages in th ...
... the birds may have fibrotic or cystic bursa of Fabricius that become atrophied prematurely (before six months of age) and may die of infections by agents that would not usually cause disease in immunocompetent birds (The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006). The postmortem findings were haemorrhages in th ...
this PDF file - Slovenian Veterinary Research
... to other epithelia and cause nephritis or drop in egg production. Subcellular changes in broilers trachea induced by infectious bronchitis virus serotype 4/91 were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Seventy 1-day-old commercial broiler chicks were divided randomly into two groups (c ...
... to other epithelia and cause nephritis or drop in egg production. Subcellular changes in broilers trachea induced by infectious bronchitis virus serotype 4/91 were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Seventy 1-day-old commercial broiler chicks were divided randomly into two groups (c ...
Vaccines: a peek beneath the hood.
... having in many instances been introduced several decades after a marked decline had already set in and having no detectable influence in most instances. More specifically, with reference to those five conditions (influenza, pneumonia, diphtheria, whooping cough, and poliomyelitis) for which the decl ...
... having in many instances been introduced several decades after a marked decline had already set in and having no detectable influence in most instances. More specifically, with reference to those five conditions (influenza, pneumonia, diphtheria, whooping cough, and poliomyelitis) for which the decl ...
Introduction and Comments on Measles Genotype Distribution and
... • The shift of genotypes and decrease in number of circulating genotypes suggests that measles transmission is interrupted frequently. However, as the number of measles susceptible individuals in increases, the country/region is reseeded by imported viruses. • Though interruption of transmission has ...
... • The shift of genotypes and decrease in number of circulating genotypes suggests that measles transmission is interrupted frequently. However, as the number of measles susceptible individuals in increases, the country/region is reseeded by imported viruses. • Though interruption of transmission has ...
View/Open
... potential liability that could arise due to the information available through the NAIS (Golan et al. 2004). Producers worry that the NAIS information could be used to assign liability to them for unhealthy or low quality animals. In addition, some producers may be uncomfortable with the possibility ...
... potential liability that could arise due to the information available through the NAIS (Golan et al. 2004). Producers worry that the NAIS information could be used to assign liability to them for unhealthy or low quality animals. In addition, some producers may be uncomfortable with the possibility ...
cowpox - Journal of Medical Microbiology
... Although earlier accounts of cowpox, and even vaccination, exist, it was Jenner’s Inquiry, of 1798 [l], together with his Further Observations [2] published the following year, that contained the first thorough descriptions of bovine and human cowpox. These reports formed the basis for our understan ...
... Although earlier accounts of cowpox, and even vaccination, exist, it was Jenner’s Inquiry, of 1798 [l], together with his Further Observations [2] published the following year, that contained the first thorough descriptions of bovine and human cowpox. These reports formed the basis for our understan ...
Rinderpest
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and some other species of even-toed ungulates, including buffaloes, large antelope and deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs. The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, tenesmus, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations. Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air. After a global eradication campaign, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.On 14 October 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest. On 25 May 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health announced the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized (a total of 198 countries were now free of the disease), officially declaring the eradication of the disease. In June 2011, the United Nations FAO confirmed the disease was eradicated, making rinderpest only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out, following smallpox.Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle. The term Rinderpest is a German word meaning ""cattle-plague"". The rinderpest virus (RPV) was closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.