The rediscovery of smallpox
... surviving this disease have lifelong consequences, but also assured immunity. Historically, smallpox was recognised early in human populations. This led to prevention attempts: variolation, quarantine and the isolation of infected subjects, until Jenner’s discovery of the first steps of vaccination ...
... surviving this disease have lifelong consequences, but also assured immunity. Historically, smallpox was recognised early in human populations. This led to prevention attempts: variolation, quarantine and the isolation of infected subjects, until Jenner’s discovery of the first steps of vaccination ...
An Epizootic Congenital Arthro- gryposis
... mosquitoes, Aedes vexans and Culex tritaeniorh11nchus, in Japan in 1959101, but its etiological role in man or any other animals in nature has not yet been elucidated. In Austrnlia, Akabane virus has been isolated from Culicoides brevitar.~is and serological evidence for its spread among cattle has ...
... mosquitoes, Aedes vexans and Culex tritaeniorh11nchus, in Japan in 1959101, but its etiological role in man or any other animals in nature has not yet been elucidated. In Austrnlia, Akabane virus has been isolated from Culicoides brevitar.~is and serological evidence for its spread among cattle has ...
Detection and Identification of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in
... Abstract— The bursal Infectious disease (IBD) is an acute and highly contagious viral infection of immature chickens. A total of 76 poultry farms in areas around Sulaimania region was sampled to investigate the infection with the infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. Out of 76 poultry farms ...
... Abstract— The bursal Infectious disease (IBD) is an acute and highly contagious viral infection of immature chickens. A total of 76 poultry farms in areas around Sulaimania region was sampled to investigate the infection with the infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. Out of 76 poultry farms ...
IMMUNE REACTIONS AGAINST THE RABBIT MYXOMA VIRUS
... (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is the most sensitive species. Virus transmission occurs through blood-sucking insects or by direct contact. Outcome is often lethal. Two species of American wild rabbits are the natural hosts of the virus (1). The first documented description of infection was done after a sp ...
... (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is the most sensitive species. Virus transmission occurs through blood-sucking insects or by direct contact. Outcome is often lethal. Two species of American wild rabbits are the natural hosts of the virus (1). The first documented description of infection was done after a sp ...
Musculoskeletal Disorders - Cattle
... This condition affects most confinement dairies. The only ones that seem to have escaped it are those that never buy cows or bulls. Lesions typically appear most commonly at the bulb of the heel, but may also be seen at the front of the interdigital cleft (84% plantar/palmar, 13 % dorsal -. J Vet Di ...
... This condition affects most confinement dairies. The only ones that seem to have escaped it are those that never buy cows or bulls. Lesions typically appear most commonly at the bulb of the heel, but may also be seen at the front of the interdigital cleft (84% plantar/palmar, 13 % dorsal -. J Vet Di ...
Musculoskeletal Disorders - Cattle
... This condition affects most confinement dairies. The only ones that seem to have escaped it are those that never buy cows or bulls. Lesions typically appear most commonly at the bulb of the heel, but may also be seen at the front of the interdigital cleft (84% plantar/palmar, 13 % dorsal -. J Vet Di ...
... This condition affects most confinement dairies. The only ones that seem to have escaped it are those that never buy cows or bulls. Lesions typically appear most commonly at the bulb of the heel, but may also be seen at the front of the interdigital cleft (84% plantar/palmar, 13 % dorsal -. J Vet Di ...
The Effect of Disease on the Economic Status of
... A deadly and highly contagious disease can reach epidemic proportions more quickly than it can be combatted if proper steps are not taken. Derek Gatherer of the Journal of General Virology warns, “[t]he case fatality rate in [Ebola virus disease] is so high, approaching 90% in some outbreaks… that m ...
... A deadly and highly contagious disease can reach epidemic proportions more quickly than it can be combatted if proper steps are not taken. Derek Gatherer of the Journal of General Virology warns, “[t]he case fatality rate in [Ebola virus disease] is so high, approaching 90% in some outbreaks… that m ...
Globalization of Disease, 1300 to 1900
... The zoonoses were varied, and the survivors of measles, mumps, chickenpox, and several other major zoonotic killing diseases acquired lifetime immunity. This produced a paradox, similar to that in tropical Africa. The settled communities were the most unhealthy and epidemiologically dangerous places ...
... The zoonoses were varied, and the survivors of measles, mumps, chickenpox, and several other major zoonotic killing diseases acquired lifetime immunity. This produced a paradox, similar to that in tropical Africa. The settled communities were the most unhealthy and epidemiologically dangerous places ...
Herpes, Shingles and Arginine
... Arginine and Lysine in the body. Arginine and Lysine are amino acids which are present in our foods in different amounts. Arginine is necessary for the virus to grow and cause trouble. The way to fight this is to take extra Lysine. Studies have shown that 500 mg to 1,000 mg of lysine three times dai ...
... Arginine and Lysine in the body. Arginine and Lysine are amino acids which are present in our foods in different amounts. Arginine is necessary for the virus to grow and cause trouble. The way to fight this is to take extra Lysine. Studies have shown that 500 mg to 1,000 mg of lysine three times dai ...
Respiratory disease in adult cattle
... tachypnea (> 50 per minute) contrast with the good appetite of the animal. Diagnosis is made at necropsy (or biopsy?) and microscopic examination (Scott et al. 1997; Breeze, 1985). ABPE rarely occur before the age of 2 years, but cases are described in feedlots (Loneragan et al. 2001; Johnson, 1991) ...
... tachypnea (> 50 per minute) contrast with the good appetite of the animal. Diagnosis is made at necropsy (or biopsy?) and microscopic examination (Scott et al. 1997; Breeze, 1985). ABPE rarely occur before the age of 2 years, but cases are described in feedlots (Loneragan et al. 2001; Johnson, 1991) ...
Association of Tonate Virus (Subtype IIIB of the Venezuelan Equine
... Although Tonate virus was first isolated 125 years ago, very little is known about its virulence. This first reported fatal case of encephalitis due to Tonate virus demonstrates that this virus may be neurovirulent and that it should not be considered, as it used to be [3], as being responsible for ...
... Although Tonate virus was first isolated 125 years ago, very little is known about its virulence. This first reported fatal case of encephalitis due to Tonate virus demonstrates that this virus may be neurovirulent and that it should not be considered, as it used to be [3], as being responsible for ...
Western Equine Encephalitis Virus
... arthropod vector. The rates of transmission correspond positively to the breading seasons for mosquitoes; Western Equine Encephalitis is spread most in the late spring through early fall. U.S. and Canada in 1941 had the most extensive epidemic of Western Equine Encephalitis that resulted in 300,000 ...
... arthropod vector. The rates of transmission correspond positively to the breading seasons for mosquitoes; Western Equine Encephalitis is spread most in the late spring through early fall. U.S. and Canada in 1941 had the most extensive epidemic of Western Equine Encephalitis that resulted in 300,000 ...
Susceptibility of source plants to Sugarcane Fiji disease virus
... Fiji leaf gall (FLG) (formerly known as Fiji disease) caused by Sugarcane Fiji disease virus (SCFDV) (formerly known as Fiji disease virus) is one of the most important diseases of sugarcane in Australia and several sugar-producing areas of Asia and the Pacific region (Smith and Candy, 2004). SCFDV i ...
... Fiji leaf gall (FLG) (formerly known as Fiji disease) caused by Sugarcane Fiji disease virus (SCFDV) (formerly known as Fiji disease virus) is one of the most important diseases of sugarcane in Australia and several sugar-producing areas of Asia and the Pacific region (Smith and Candy, 2004). SCFDV i ...
antigenic characterization of polish infectious bursal disease virus
... In the USA, it was demonstrated that the new isolates had been affected by an antigenic drift against which classical IBD virus (IBDV) vaccines were not satisfactorily protective (11, 27). In Europe, the first cases of acute IBDV were described at the same time (2, 28). The acute forms of the diseas ...
... In the USA, it was demonstrated that the new isolates had been affected by an antigenic drift against which classical IBD virus (IBDV) vaccines were not satisfactorily protective (11, 27). In Europe, the first cases of acute IBDV were described at the same time (2, 28). The acute forms of the diseas ...
Foot-and-mouth disease virus epitope dominance in the antibody
... responses to serotype O FMDV. Their results indicated that none of these antigenic sites can be considered as immunodominant. Interestingly, they also reported that pigs did not respond to epitopes on the C-terminal end of VP1 as efficiently as ruminants. Although a cELISA-based approach has been us ...
... responses to serotype O FMDV. Their results indicated that none of these antigenic sites can be considered as immunodominant. Interestingly, they also reported that pigs did not respond to epitopes on the C-terminal end of VP1 as efficiently as ruminants. Although a cELISA-based approach has been us ...
More rapid and severe disease outbreaks for
... Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia ; 2Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Taroona, TAS, 7001, Australia ; and 3School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, PO ...
... Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia ; 2Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Taroona, TAS, 7001, Australia ; and 3School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, PO ...
ADAPTATION OF INDIGENOUS INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE
... serotype 2 is virulent for turkeys (Jackwood and Saif, 1987). IBDV is a member of the genus Avibirnavirus belonging to the family Birnaviridae. The virus genome consists of two segments (A and B) and is a double stranded non-enveloped RNA having the size of about 55-65 nm in diameter (Becht et al., ...
... serotype 2 is virulent for turkeys (Jackwood and Saif, 1987). IBDV is a member of the genus Avibirnavirus belonging to the family Birnaviridae. The virus genome consists of two segments (A and B) and is a double stranded non-enveloped RNA having the size of about 55-65 nm in diameter (Becht et al., ...
What to do if you suspect Parvo virus infection.
... owners at risk through transmission of Parvo virus from their dogs or contaminated items. Dogs should also not be sold before vaccine has been given time to take effect and should not be sold if not in good health. The South Australian Canine Association rules Part XIV Offences 2F states that “A mem ...
... owners at risk through transmission of Parvo virus from their dogs or contaminated items. Dogs should also not be sold before vaccine has been given time to take effect and should not be sold if not in good health. The South Australian Canine Association rules Part XIV Offences 2F states that “A mem ...
Simultaneous detection of vaccinal and field infectious bursal
... (2005) who detected vaccine virus of intermediate virulence at 14 dpv by immunohistochemical staining, while the intermediate plus vaccine strain was detectable as long as 21 dpv. In this experiment the vaccine virus was also found in the spleen, thymus and bone marrow. It is interesting to note tha ...
... (2005) who detected vaccine virus of intermediate virulence at 14 dpv by immunohistochemical staining, while the intermediate plus vaccine strain was detectable as long as 21 dpv. In this experiment the vaccine virus was also found in the spleen, thymus and bone marrow. It is interesting to note tha ...
Testimony
... smallpox would require the utilization of stores of the existing smallpox vaccine. Approximately 15 million doses of the FDA-approved “Dryvax” vaccine have been stored since production stopped in 1983. This clearly would not be enough to respond to a national smallpox epidemic. As a response, NIAID ...
... smallpox would require the utilization of stores of the existing smallpox vaccine. Approximately 15 million doses of the FDA-approved “Dryvax” vaccine have been stored since production stopped in 1983. This clearly would not be enough to respond to a national smallpox epidemic. As a response, NIAID ...
Why Ebola is Not likely to Become Airbrone
... • Ebola virus is spread through direct contact with the blood or body fluids (including but not limited to feces, saliva, sweat, urine, vomit, and semen) of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola. The virus in blood and body fluids can enter another person’s body through broken skin or unp ...
... • Ebola virus is spread through direct contact with the blood or body fluids (including but not limited to feces, saliva, sweat, urine, vomit, and semen) of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola. The virus in blood and body fluids can enter another person’s body through broken skin or unp ...
What Factors Exacerbate Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus
... Multidisciplinary research efforts and teams to investigate disease outbreaks For zoonotic diseases, the combined efforts of biomedical and veterinary scientists are essential, but few mechanisms currently exist to support this type of collaboration and cooperation ...
... Multidisciplinary research efforts and teams to investigate disease outbreaks For zoonotic diseases, the combined efforts of biomedical and veterinary scientists are essential, but few mechanisms currently exist to support this type of collaboration and cooperation ...
Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance
... by the detection of group-specific antibodies against the virus. Exotic sheep are more susceptible than indigenous and cross-bred sheep. A serological survey has indicated the presence of bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies in cattle and buffalo in several states in India. However, clinical BT has not ...
... by the detection of group-specific antibodies against the virus. Exotic sheep are more susceptible than indigenous and cross-bred sheep. A serological survey has indicated the presence of bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies in cattle and buffalo in several states in India. However, clinical BT has not ...
DEFRA / AHT / BEVA EQUINE QUARTERLY DISEASE
... under restrictions in England, Wales and Scotland. All of these have now tested negative on at least one occasion and the majority on two occasions. Further cases of Equine Infectious Anaemia have since been confirmed in Ireland and test results are awaited for a small number of other suspected case ...
... under restrictions in England, Wales and Scotland. All of these have now tested negative on at least one occasion and the majority on two occasions. Further cases of Equine Infectious Anaemia have since been confirmed in Ireland and test results are awaited for a small number of other suspected case ...
Rinderpest
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and some other species of even-toed ungulates, including buffaloes, large antelope and deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs. The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, tenesmus, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations. Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air. After a global eradication campaign, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.On 14 October 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest. On 25 May 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health announced the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized (a total of 198 countries were now free of the disease), officially declaring the eradication of the disease. In June 2011, the United Nations FAO confirmed the disease was eradicated, making rinderpest only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out, following smallpox.Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle. The term Rinderpest is a German word meaning ""cattle-plague"". The rinderpest virus (RPV) was closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.