Emerging Infectious Diseases
... Advanced structures for diagnosis & surveillance International & interdisciplinary interventions Applied epidemiological and ecological research: Field-trained specialists: Epidemic Intelligence Veterinary Public Health Officers Education: Training, technology transfer Information/Communication ...
... Advanced structures for diagnosis & surveillance International & interdisciplinary interventions Applied epidemiological and ecological research: Field-trained specialists: Epidemic Intelligence Veterinary Public Health Officers Education: Training, technology transfer Information/Communication ...
Infectious Diseases Handouts 1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES UPDATE
... Aggressive clinical course with rapid deterioration (viral pneumonia, multiple organ failure and death) ...
... Aggressive clinical course with rapid deterioration (viral pneumonia, multiple organ failure and death) ...
Information S1.
... 75-79, 80-84, 85-89) to the US population structure of 2000. This procedure was done for both Japan and the US. Comparing excess mortality trends across periods and countries We obtained mean excess P&I mortality rates (crude and adjusted) for the 1978-1994 and the 1995-2006 periods for 65-89 year ...
... 75-79, 80-84, 85-89) to the US population structure of 2000. This procedure was done for both Japan and the US. Comparing excess mortality trends across periods and countries We obtained mean excess P&I mortality rates (crude and adjusted) for the 1978-1994 and the 1995-2006 periods for 65-89 year ...
The Effects of Weather and Climate on the Seasonality of Influenza
... (Assaad and Reid 1971; Eccles 2002). In this case, a symptomless, subclinical infection may become clinical if the infected individual is exposed to cold air. The subsequent rise in clinical infections among a large population may then reveal itself, from a public health perspective, as an infectiou ...
... (Assaad and Reid 1971; Eccles 2002). In this case, a symptomless, subclinical infection may become clinical if the infected individual is exposed to cold air. The subsequent rise in clinical infections among a large population may then reveal itself, from a public health perspective, as an infectiou ...
Pandemic Influenza and Pregnant Women
... tigenic shift). When novel subtypes that can be efficiently transmitted among humans emerge within a population that lacks immunity, an influenza pandemic can occur (3). Avian species are an important reservoir for influenza virus, but avian influenza viruses do not typically infect humans. However, ...
... tigenic shift). When novel subtypes that can be efficiently transmitted among humans emerge within a population that lacks immunity, an influenza pandemic can occur (3). Avian species are an important reservoir for influenza virus, but avian influenza viruses do not typically infect humans. However, ...
Severe Influenza-associated Respiratory Infection in High HIV Prevalence Setting, South Africa, 2009–2011
... and who met age-specific clinical inclusion criteria. We included children ages 2 days through <3 months who had physician-diagnosed sepsis or acute LRTI, children ages 3 months through <5 years with physician-diagnosed LRTI (e.g., bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, pleural effusion), and persons ...
... and who met age-specific clinical inclusion criteria. We included children ages 2 days through <3 months who had physician-diagnosed sepsis or acute LRTI, children ages 3 months through <5 years with physician-diagnosed LRTI (e.g., bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, pleural effusion), and persons ...
Biosecurity Challenges of Industrial Farm Animal Production
... production has increased average distances for animal transport.88 In 2005, for example, more than 25 million live pigs were traded internationally.89 In 2007, investigations of an avian influenza outbreak in the U.K. revealed the movement of birds four times between Hungarian and U.K. facilities wi ...
... production has increased average distances for animal transport.88 In 2005, for example, more than 25 million live pigs were traded internationally.89 In 2007, investigations of an avian influenza outbreak in the U.K. revealed the movement of birds four times between Hungarian and U.K. facilities wi ...
No Slide Title - People Server at UNCW
... Proof for allopatric speciation in snapping shrimps Knowlton et al.(1993): a phylogeny of Pacific (P) and Carribean (C) species pairs of Alpheus In 6 out of 7 cases, the closest relative of a species was in the other ...
... Proof for allopatric speciation in snapping shrimps Knowlton et al.(1993): a phylogeny of Pacific (P) and Carribean (C) species pairs of Alpheus In 6 out of 7 cases, the closest relative of a species was in the other ...
Updated CDC Influenza Infection Control Guidance 2010
... access, including via telephone to medical consultation and, if necessary, early treatment; and promptly identifying individuals with possible influenza. HCP should self-assess for symptoms of febrile respiratory illness. In most cases, decisions about work restrictions and assignments for personne ...
... access, including via telephone to medical consultation and, if necessary, early treatment; and promptly identifying individuals with possible influenza. HCP should self-assess for symptoms of febrile respiratory illness. In most cases, decisions about work restrictions and assignments for personne ...
australian influenza surveillance report
... The infections have mostly been associated with prolonged exposure to pigs at agricultural fairs. Limited human-to-human spread of the virus had been detected in 2012, however no sustained community transmission was identified. Illness associated with influenza A(H3N2)v infection has been mostly mil ...
... The infections have mostly been associated with prolonged exposure to pigs at agricultural fairs. Limited human-to-human spread of the virus had been detected in 2012, however no sustained community transmission was identified. Illness associated with influenza A(H3N2)v infection has been mostly mil ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... treatment and prophylaxis intervention scenarios (see legend for further details). Treatment of severe cases is the only intervention that occurs at a fixed rate, without constraint. Achievable community-based treatment coverage falls sharply from more than 40% to just over 10% with exponential grow ...
... treatment and prophylaxis intervention scenarios (see legend for further details). Treatment of severe cases is the only intervention that occurs at a fixed rate, without constraint. Achievable community-based treatment coverage falls sharply from more than 40% to just over 10% with exponential grow ...
Virus evolution and transmission in an ever more connected world
... infectious disease makes no reference to pathogen genetic variation [4]. Patterns of host mobility may be particularly important for RNA viruses, the infections on which we focus here. Because many viruses do not survive for long outside the environment of their host, close proximity of hosts (or of ...
... infectious disease makes no reference to pathogen genetic variation [4]. Patterns of host mobility may be particularly important for RNA viruses, the infections on which we focus here. Because many viruses do not survive for long outside the environment of their host, close proximity of hosts (or of ...
Longevity Bulletin: Pandemic edition
... 4. Case study: 1918 Spanish flu Influenza is a respiratory illness caused by several flu viruses. The 1918 flu was a new strain that the world had not seen before, so few humans had any natural immunity. This flu was one of the deadliest pandemics on record, ultimately claiming 50 million lives. On ...
... 4. Case study: 1918 Spanish flu Influenza is a respiratory illness caused by several flu viruses. The 1918 flu was a new strain that the world had not seen before, so few humans had any natural immunity. This flu was one of the deadliest pandemics on record, ultimately claiming 50 million lives. On ...
Full Text - International Journal of Infection
... Zika Forest in Africa (Uganda), where the virus was first isolated in 1947. Zika fever often causes no or only mild symptoms, similar to a mild form of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), dengue fever and sometimes like respiratory viruses (influenza or corona viruses) (1, 2, 6). Common symptoms ...
... Zika Forest in Africa (Uganda), where the virus was first isolated in 1947. Zika fever often causes no or only mild symptoms, similar to a mild form of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), dengue fever and sometimes like respiratory viruses (influenza or corona viruses) (1, 2, 6). Common symptoms ...
Mokola Virus Antibodies in Humans, Dogs, Cats, Cattle, Sheep, and
... neutralizing antibodies had earlier been detected in humans and dogs in Nigeria.4 The aim of this present work is to determine the current status of Mokola virus neutralizing antibodies in humans, dogs, cats, and farm animals such as cattle sheep and goat in Nigeria. This is because of the public he ...
... neutralizing antibodies had earlier been detected in humans and dogs in Nigeria.4 The aim of this present work is to determine the current status of Mokola virus neutralizing antibodies in humans, dogs, cats, and farm animals such as cattle sheep and goat in Nigeria. This is because of the public he ...
Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing M2 Induce Broadly Cross Protective Immunity
... human influenza vaccines. A limitation of current vaccines is that the major vaccine targets, the antigenic regions of HA, are highly susceptible to continuous mutation in circulating epidemic virus strains [1,2]. The high mutation rate of the viral genome and the selection of mutants in the human h ...
... human influenza vaccines. A limitation of current vaccines is that the major vaccine targets, the antigenic regions of HA, are highly susceptible to continuous mutation in circulating epidemic virus strains [1,2]. The high mutation rate of the viral genome and the selection of mutants in the human h ...
An Overview of Antiviral Drug Resistance Data presented at
... Inhibitor Susceptibility Network (NISN) was one of a very few independent groups conducting antiviral resistance surveillance and testing as well as related studies in the influenza field [1,2,3]. However, prompted by more recent events, including: human infection associated with the epizootic of hi ...
... Inhibitor Susceptibility Network (NISN) was one of a very few independent groups conducting antiviral resistance surveillance and testing as well as related studies in the influenza field [1,2,3]. However, prompted by more recent events, including: human infection associated with the epizootic of hi ...
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Indian
... • After an outbreak surveillance is stepped up immediately throughout the country. • In addition, surveillance becomes more vigorous in 0-10 km areas from the infected site. • Post-operation surveillance plan issued in consultation with the State Government for implementation after ...
... • After an outbreak surveillance is stepped up immediately throughout the country. • In addition, surveillance becomes more vigorous in 0-10 km areas from the infected site. • Post-operation surveillance plan issued in consultation with the State Government for implementation after ...
A release-competent influenza A virus mutant lacking the coding
... spread of the virus when its NA activity is low. To this end, previous studies by others have shown that NA-lacking mutants, generated by supplying the bacterial NA and antibodies to viral NA, undergo multiple rounds of replication only in the presence of exogenous NA or after sonication of membrane ...
... spread of the virus when its NA activity is low. To this end, previous studies by others have shown that NA-lacking mutants, generated by supplying the bacterial NA and antibodies to viral NA, undergo multiple rounds of replication only in the presence of exogenous NA or after sonication of membrane ...
In vitro demonstration of neural transmission of avian influenza A virus
... cytoskeleton, using inhibitors, were infected with the viruses. To ascertain that the adverse effects of the inhibitors on the cytoskeleton were reversible and did not kill the neurons, the infectivity of cultured neurons recovered from the drug treatment (pre-treated groups) was also compared with ...
... cytoskeleton, using inhibitors, were infected with the viruses. To ascertain that the adverse effects of the inhibitors on the cytoskeleton were reversible and did not kill the neurons, the infectivity of cultured neurons recovered from the drug treatment (pre-treated groups) was also compared with ...
SART logo
... Transmission and Subtypes Transmission • VEE virus transmitted by mosquitoes that had blood meal from animal with sufficient blood levels of virus (viremia) – Subsequent feeding on animals transmits virus via mosquito saliva ...
... Transmission and Subtypes Transmission • VEE virus transmitted by mosquitoes that had blood meal from animal with sufficient blood levels of virus (viremia) – Subsequent feeding on animals transmits virus via mosquito saliva ...
CompleteSummaryH5N1Others26thDecemberFormated
... carriers. They are silent reservoirs of the disease. H5N1 was found in dead birds in Qinghai Lake in April 2005. Prior to this H5N1 was thought to cause only asymptomatic disease in wild birds. Over 2000 birds died, the vast majority being barheaded geese, brown-headed gulls and great black-headed g ...
... carriers. They are silent reservoirs of the disease. H5N1 was found in dead birds in Qinghai Lake in April 2005. Prior to this H5N1 was thought to cause only asymptomatic disease in wild birds. Over 2000 birds died, the vast majority being barheaded geese, brown-headed gulls and great black-headed g ...
Review New treatments for viral respiratory tract infections
... significantly reduced the symptoms of experimental rhinovirus colds, regardless of whether it was administered before or after viral challenge. There were no adverse effects, and drug administration was not associated with the development of neutralizing antibodies.28 Bayer’s product, given intranas ...
... significantly reduced the symptoms of experimental rhinovirus colds, regardless of whether it was administered before or after viral challenge. There were no adverse effects, and drug administration was not associated with the development of neutralizing antibodies.28 Bayer’s product, given intranas ...
Rift Valley Fever
... Transmission The virus can be transmitted to humans by direct or indirect contact with the animal secretions, handling of animal tissues during slaughtering and disposal of carcasses or fetuses. It can also be transmitted through inoculation of virus into wound from an infected knife or through cont ...
... Transmission The virus can be transmitted to humans by direct or indirect contact with the animal secretions, handling of animal tissues during slaughtering and disposal of carcasses or fetuses. It can also be transmitted through inoculation of virus into wound from an infected knife or through cont ...
Acute viral hemorrhage disease: A summary on new viruses
... many countries around the world with high incidence in the developing countries of tropical world. Due to the advent of biomedical science, there are new identified causes of acute hemorrhagic disease. Viral infection is an important common cause. In medicine, the well-known infection is dengue, whic ...
... many countries around the world with high incidence in the developing countries of tropical world. Due to the advent of biomedical science, there are new identified causes of acute hemorrhagic disease. Viral infection is an important common cause. In medicine, the well-known infection is dengue, whic ...
Swine influenza
Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3.Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human flu, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause human flu, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection.Around the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, allowing accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, only 50 such transmissions have been confirmed. These strains of swine flu rarely pass from human to human. Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort.In August 2010, the World Health Organization declared the swine flu pandemic officially over.Cases of swine flu have been reported in India, with over 31,156 positive test cases and 1,841 deaths till March 2015.