What Is a Pandemic? - Oxford Academic
... does not necessarily imply full protection from infection [22], as is the case for pandemic diseases as different as cholera and influenza associated with new subtypes or drifted strains [1]. Novelty. The term pandemic has been used most commonly to describe diseases that are new, or at least associ ...
... does not necessarily imply full protection from infection [22], as is the case for pandemic diseases as different as cholera and influenza associated with new subtypes or drifted strains [1]. Novelty. The term pandemic has been used most commonly to describe diseases that are new, or at least associ ...
Symposium: Newly Emerging Viral Diseases: What Role
... risen to become a leading cause of death in young men (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1996). Influenza, one of our most familiar viruses, periodically causes massive epidemics (the most massive are called pandemics because the entire world is affected), and another influenza pandemic see ...
... risen to become a leading cause of death in young men (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1996). Influenza, one of our most familiar viruses, periodically causes massive epidemics (the most massive are called pandemics because the entire world is affected), and another influenza pandemic see ...
The Spanish Flu – Part II: the second and third wave
... with pneumonia, whereas it follows only after a few days of illness in most cases. It is not rare that patients get rid of the high temperature first and feel quite well for 3–5 days and in some cases, even get out of bed; when all of a sudden, the fever gets back again with a high temperature, whic ...
... with pneumonia, whereas it follows only after a few days of illness in most cases. It is not rare that patients get rid of the high temperature first and feel quite well for 3–5 days and in some cases, even get out of bed; when all of a sudden, the fever gets back again with a high temperature, whic ...
The changing nature of avian influenza A virus (H5N1)
... RNA (ssRNA) and are continuously evolving. Small base changes occur by point mutations, known as genetic drift, which is driven by the infidelity of the virus-encoded polymerase [7,16]. Major changes occur less frequently by reassortment of genes between two different virus strains in coinfected cel ...
... RNA (ssRNA) and are continuously evolving. Small base changes occur by point mutations, known as genetic drift, which is driven by the infidelity of the virus-encoded polymerase [7,16]. Major changes occur less frequently by reassortment of genes between two different virus strains in coinfected cel ...
Swine Coccidians
... This disease is the main gastrointestinal dissemination way. • When oocysts in a waste, pollution eliminated from the feed, water, soil sac or equipment etc, in suitable temperature and humidity piglets will get infectious incubation（潜伏） by the oocysts ...
... This disease is the main gastrointestinal dissemination way. • When oocysts in a waste, pollution eliminated from the feed, water, soil sac or equipment etc, in suitable temperature and humidity piglets will get infectious incubation（潜伏） by the oocysts ...
Rationing Vaccine During An Avian Influenza Pandemic: Why It Won
... six months, worldwide vaccine production would most likely be limited to roughly 1 billion doses. Since we won’t have any built-up immunity to this particular strain of influenza, as we do against garden variety influenza strains that circulate among us from year to year, it will most likely require ...
... six months, worldwide vaccine production would most likely be limited to roughly 1 billion doses. Since we won’t have any built-up immunity to this particular strain of influenza, as we do against garden variety influenza strains that circulate among us from year to year, it will most likely require ...
VIRUS
... (enteric cytopathogenic human orphan viruses) Not produce diseases in sucking mice, rabbits, or monkeys. Monkey kidney and human embryonated kidney cell culture Aseptic meningitis, febrile illnesses with or without rash, common colds, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis are among the diseases cause ...
... (enteric cytopathogenic human orphan viruses) Not produce diseases in sucking mice, rabbits, or monkeys. Monkey kidney and human embryonated kidney cell culture Aseptic meningitis, febrile illnesses with or without rash, common colds, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis are among the diseases cause ...
Good Home Treatment of Influenza
... occurring repeatedly during coughing can bruise or tear them. This leads to pain when taking a breath or when these areas are pressed with the fingers. Since an excessive dry cough can be harmful, it is the one we want to suppress. On the other hand, our goal is to encourage a wet cough to help the ...
... occurring repeatedly during coughing can bruise or tear them. This leads to pain when taking a breath or when these areas are pressed with the fingers. Since an excessive dry cough can be harmful, it is the one we want to suppress. On the other hand, our goal is to encourage a wet cough to help the ...
How to control cat flu. A guide for breeders and cattery owners
... received from the mother’s first milk (the so-called ...
... received from the mother’s first milk (the so-called ...
African horse sickness
... Modification of a highly virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus by introducing a chicken interferon gamma gene in the genome decreased NDV pathogenicity in chickens thus suggesting early expression of IFN-γ had a significant protective role against the effects of highly virulent NDV infection in ...
... Modification of a highly virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus by introducing a chicken interferon gamma gene in the genome decreased NDV pathogenicity in chickens thus suggesting early expression of IFN-γ had a significant protective role against the effects of highly virulent NDV infection in ...
Strategies to increase influenza uptake among health care workers
... Hayward et al. Effectiveness of an influenza vaccine programme for care home staff to prevent death, morbidity, and health care use among residents: cluster randomized controlled trial. Br Med J 2006;333:1241 Carman et al. Effects of influenza vaccination of health-care workers on mortality of elder ...
... Hayward et al. Effectiveness of an influenza vaccine programme for care home staff to prevent death, morbidity, and health care use among residents: cluster randomized controlled trial. Br Med J 2006;333:1241 Carman et al. Effects of influenza vaccination of health-care workers on mortality of elder ...
Nororvirus Fact Sheet
... reducing the risk of getting infected with Norovirus. • If soap and water are not available, and if hands are not visibly soiled, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with 70%- 90% alcohol. • Do not prepare food for others if you have symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea. • Thoroughly and frequently clea ...
... reducing the risk of getting infected with Norovirus. • If soap and water are not available, and if hands are not visibly soiled, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with 70%- 90% alcohol. • Do not prepare food for others if you have symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea. • Thoroughly and frequently clea ...
What is cat `flu`? How is the disease spread? How do I know if my cat
... she has somewhere comfortable and warm to lay and be sure she gets plenty of water or milk to drink. Although your cat may not want to eat for the first few days, you should try to tempt her to eat by offering tasty warm food to keep her strength up. You should always have your cat checked by your v ...
... she has somewhere comfortable and warm to lay and be sure she gets plenty of water or milk to drink. Although your cat may not want to eat for the first few days, you should try to tempt her to eat by offering tasty warm food to keep her strength up. You should always have your cat checked by your v ...
Influenza in the Pediatric Population
... Through virological surveillance, respiratory specimens are tested for influenza A and B by laboratories located throughout the United States (CDC, 2013b). Each week the laboratories then report to the CDC the number of specimens tested and the number of positive cases. There are 85 World Health Org ...
... Through virological surveillance, respiratory specimens are tested for influenza A and B by laboratories located throughout the United States (CDC, 2013b). Each week the laboratories then report to the CDC the number of specimens tested and the number of positive cases. There are 85 World Health Org ...
Classification Guide for Infectious Substances
... disease treatment and prevention, or a biological product, when such materials are being transported by a private or contract carrier in a motor vehicle used exclusively to transport such materials Blood or blood components which have been collected for the purpose of transfusion or the preparation ...
... disease treatment and prevention, or a biological product, when such materials are being transported by a private or contract carrier in a motor vehicle used exclusively to transport such materials Blood or blood components which have been collected for the purpose of transfusion or the preparation ...
Border measures evidence summary
... the risks associated with contact with infected passengers and other staff, and about measures they can take to help protect themselves, is likely to reduce transmission among this high-risk group, and from them to others.3 However, as information alone does not necessarily result in behaviour chang ...
... the risks associated with contact with infected passengers and other staff, and about measures they can take to help protect themselves, is likely to reduce transmission among this high-risk group, and from them to others.3 However, as information alone does not necessarily result in behaviour chang ...
Peter Josling`s PowerPoint on AllicinCenter Products and their uses
... heavily infected with unseen germs and viruses. Seeking treatment for infection is one of the leading causes of doctor visits. ...
... heavily infected with unseen germs and viruses. Seeking treatment for infection is one of the leading causes of doctor visits. ...
ROUND ROCK MEDICAL CENTER
... during an outbreak, it is the goal of TSA-O hospitals to maintain a standard of care and of vigilance at all times by: Quickly recognizing unusual clusters of patients presenting with similar illness and reporting increased activity or clusters of symptoms to the local Health Department Maintain ...
... during an outbreak, it is the goal of TSA-O hospitals to maintain a standard of care and of vigilance at all times by: Quickly recognizing unusual clusters of patients presenting with similar illness and reporting increased activity or clusters of symptoms to the local Health Department Maintain ...
biosecurity factsheets
... from nose and mouth. • Pigs (mainly grower/finishers) that look fine one day are dead the next day • Pigs die because the bacteria releases toxins • Death is so sudden that in-feed medication will not reach high enough levels to prevent death, therefore, injectable antibiotics are required • Chronic ...
... from nose and mouth. • Pigs (mainly grower/finishers) that look fine one day are dead the next day • Pigs die because the bacteria releases toxins • Death is so sudden that in-feed medication will not reach high enough levels to prevent death, therefore, injectable antibiotics are required • Chronic ...
Genotypic characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses from India
... However, the vaccinated challenged birds had a score of 4.6. The protection scores for both the H120 and Ma5 vaccinated groups were 79%. The tracheal homogenates of the unvaccinated challenged chickens were all positive for virus while those of chickens vaccinated with IBV vaccines were negative. ...
... However, the vaccinated challenged birds had a score of 4.6. The protection scores for both the H120 and Ma5 vaccinated groups were 79%. The tracheal homogenates of the unvaccinated challenged chickens were all positive for virus while those of chickens vaccinated with IBV vaccines were negative. ...
Social distancing evidence summary
... For example, in a survey conducted in Western Australia, 74% of students participated in activities outside the home on more than one occasion, resulting in an average of 3.7 outof-home activities for each student.8 The direct costs of planning and maintaining proactive school closures are substanti ...
... For example, in a survey conducted in Western Australia, 74% of students participated in activities outside the home on more than one occasion, resulting in an average of 3.7 outof-home activities for each student.8 The direct costs of planning and maintaining proactive school closures are substanti ...
Influenza 2010-2011: Lessons from the 2009 pandemic
... Influenza causes annual epidemics of varied severity and risk of death. In the United States, these seasonal epidemics are estimated to account for more than 200,000 hospitalizations1 and 1.4 to 16.7 deaths per 100,000 persons (3,349 to 48,614 deaths) each year, mostly in the elderly.2 The past 10 ...
... Influenza causes annual epidemics of varied severity and risk of death. In the United States, these seasonal epidemics are estimated to account for more than 200,000 hospitalizations1 and 1.4 to 16.7 deaths per 100,000 persons (3,349 to 48,614 deaths) each year, mostly in the elderly.2 The past 10 ...
415 MT2
... B. cytotoxic T – cell response are lower in immunocomprised patients , and those with the lowest response are at the greatest risk of CMV reactivation C. antiviral chemotherapy has reduced the frequency of CMV pneumonia after transplantation in transplant recipient who receive organs from CMV seropo ...
... B. cytotoxic T – cell response are lower in immunocomprised patients , and those with the lowest response are at the greatest risk of CMV reactivation C. antiviral chemotherapy has reduced the frequency of CMV pneumonia after transplantation in transplant recipient who receive organs from CMV seropo ...
One Defective Interfering Particle per Cell Prevents Influenza Virus
... Interference by DI virus was measured by a new assay which detects its ability to prevent the c.p.e, caused by standard virus in MDCK cells. In its optimized form, we use 96-well flat-bottom plastic trays (Sterilin) seeded with 2 x 104 cells/well in 200 ~i DMEM containing I 0 ~ newborn calf serum (F ...
... Interference by DI virus was measured by a new assay which detects its ability to prevent the c.p.e, caused by standard virus in MDCK cells. In its optimized form, we use 96-well flat-bottom plastic trays (Sterilin) seeded with 2 x 104 cells/well in 200 ~i DMEM containing I 0 ~ newborn calf serum (F ...
1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
... and winter of 1918–1919, respectively (Figure 1). Is it possible that a poorly-adapted H1N1 virus was already beginning to spread in 1915, causing some serious illnesses but not yet sufficiently fit to initiate a pandemic? Data consistent with this possibility were reported at the time from European ...
... and winter of 1918–1919, respectively (Figure 1). Is it possible that a poorly-adapted H1N1 virus was already beginning to spread in 1915, causing some serious illnesses but not yet sufficiently fit to initiate a pandemic? Data consistent with this possibility were reported at the time from European ...
Swine influenza
Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3.Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human flu, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause human flu, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection.Around the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, allowing accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, only 50 such transmissions have been confirmed. These strains of swine flu rarely pass from human to human. Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort.In August 2010, the World Health Organization declared the swine flu pandemic officially over.Cases of swine flu have been reported in India, with over 31,156 positive test cases and 1,841 deaths till March 2015.