Epidemiology and characterization of avian influenza in
... Influenza viruses have segmented negative-sense single stranded RNA genomes. It replicates in the nucleus of infected cells. Like other RNA viruses, influenza A virus display a high mutation rate and since the genome consists of eight different segments of RNA which act like mini-chromosomes, geneti ...
... Influenza viruses have segmented negative-sense single stranded RNA genomes. It replicates in the nucleus of infected cells. Like other RNA viruses, influenza A virus display a high mutation rate and since the genome consists of eight different segments of RNA which act like mini-chromosomes, geneti ...
full text
... pig farm [7, 17]. This could be of great significance for control programmes, since it could indicate whether control should be focussed on rodent-to-pig transmission or, depending on its magnitude, also on pigto-pig transmission. Transmission between pigs has been quantified under experimental cond ...
... pig farm [7, 17]. This could be of great significance for control programmes, since it could indicate whether control should be focussed on rodent-to-pig transmission or, depending on its magnitude, also on pigto-pig transmission. Transmission between pigs has been quantified under experimental cond ...
Emerging & Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
... to prevent further spread Majority of human H5N1 infection due to direct contact with birds infected with virus ...
... to prevent further spread Majority of human H5N1 infection due to direct contact with birds infected with virus ...
National Immunization Awareness Month Fact Sheet
... FACT: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends five doses of DTaP vaccine for infants and children at the following ages: two months, four months, six months, 15 through 18 months and four through six years of age. DTaP can also be administered at the same time as other vac ...
... FACT: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends five doses of DTaP vaccine for infants and children at the following ages: two months, four months, six months, 15 through 18 months and four through six years of age. DTaP can also be administered at the same time as other vac ...
Inactivation of classical swine fever virus in porcine casing
... McKercher et al., 1980). However, the data from these studies do not allow for a risk assessment of CSFV infection from processed casings. To inactivate CSFV infectivity in casings which are subsequently used for the production of sausages, an antiviral agent that can be used with casings is require ...
... McKercher et al., 1980). However, the data from these studies do not allow for a risk assessment of CSFV infection from processed casings. To inactivate CSFV infectivity in casings which are subsequently used for the production of sausages, an antiviral agent that can be used with casings is require ...
Risks to the Americas associated with the continued expansion of
... on this island, the epidemic may have been halted in 2006 if this mutation had not emerged. From the epidemic in La Réunion, which resulted in an estimated 266 000 cases, numerous viraemic individuals were identified in multiple countries after travellers to La Réunion became infected on the islan ...
... on this island, the epidemic may have been halted in 2006 if this mutation had not emerged. From the epidemic in La Réunion, which resulted in an estimated 266 000 cases, numerous viraemic individuals were identified in multiple countries after travellers to La Réunion became infected on the islan ...
Tamiflu: To Stockpile or Not to Stockpile
... 2. November 2005, 2005, WHO: Antivirals drugs: their role during a pandemic: “Pending the availability of vaccines, several antiviral drugs are expected to be useful for prophylaxis (prevention of illness) or treatment purposes. Two drugs (in the neuraminidase inhibitors class), oseltamivir (commerc ...
... 2. November 2005, 2005, WHO: Antivirals drugs: their role during a pandemic: “Pending the availability of vaccines, several antiviral drugs are expected to be useful for prophylaxis (prevention of illness) or treatment purposes. Two drugs (in the neuraminidase inhibitors class), oseltamivir (commerc ...
Antigenic and genetic characteristics of zoonotic influenza viruses
... The nomenclature for phylogenetic relationships among the HA genes of A/goose/Guangdong/1/96lineage A(H5) viruses is defined in consultation with representatives of the WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and academic ...
... The nomenclature for phylogenetic relationships among the HA genes of A/goose/Guangdong/1/96lineage A(H5) viruses is defined in consultation with representatives of the WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and academic ...
Effect of lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (Lasota) on low
... Experimental study protocol was approved by the Animal care and research committee of the University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Lahore and experimentation was carried out according to the guidelines of committee. Three-week-old fayoumi chicks (indigenous layer hens), were acquired from a lo ...
... Experimental study protocol was approved by the Animal care and research committee of the University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Lahore and experimentation was carried out according to the guidelines of committee. Three-week-old fayoumi chicks (indigenous layer hens), were acquired from a lo ...
Learning from the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic
... alterations (i.e., “antigenic shift”). Antigenic drift specifically refers to frequent, discrete mutations that occur within the genes (e.g., the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase genes) of a given influenza subtype, leading to new strains that escape host immune surveillance. These new strains drive t ...
... alterations (i.e., “antigenic shift”). Antigenic drift specifically refers to frequent, discrete mutations that occur within the genes (e.g., the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase genes) of a given influenza subtype, leading to new strains that escape host immune surveillance. These new strains drive t ...
ATAGI Influenza Vaccine Statement
... majority of circulating influenza viruses in most seasons. It is important that influenza vaccination is not delayed if an age-appropriate TIV is available and there are barriers to accessing QIV. Interchangeability of QIVs and TIVs Where 2 doses of influenza vaccine are indicated in a single season ...
... majority of circulating influenza viruses in most seasons. It is important that influenza vaccination is not delayed if an age-appropriate TIV is available and there are barriers to accessing QIV. Interchangeability of QIVs and TIVs Where 2 doses of influenza vaccine are indicated in a single season ...
Viral Pathogens
... • After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough. • Most patients develop pneumonia. Source: Initially certain mammals in SE Asia (esp. China): palm civet cat; recent evidence in bats ...
... • After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough. • Most patients develop pneumonia. Source: Initially certain mammals in SE Asia (esp. China): palm civet cat; recent evidence in bats ...
Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases
... months after return from a risk area Men who have travelled to an area with an ongoing Zika virus outbreaks should use condoms with any partner who could become pregnant for the duration of pregnancy After a male partner returns from an area of risk, it is reasonable to delay trying to become pr ...
... months after return from a risk area Men who have travelled to an area with an ongoing Zika virus outbreaks should use condoms with any partner who could become pregnant for the duration of pregnancy After a male partner returns from an area of risk, it is reasonable to delay trying to become pr ...
Sameer_1
... 3. Small size: viruses are smaller than other organisms, vary in size (diameter) from 0 nm - 300 nm. 4. Genome: either DNA or RNA. The nucleic acid is encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid – containing membrane. The entire infectious unit is termed a virion. ...
... 3. Small size: viruses are smaller than other organisms, vary in size (diameter) from 0 nm - 300 nm. 4. Genome: either DNA or RNA. The nucleic acid is encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid – containing membrane. The entire infectious unit is termed a virion. ...
slide1_medical-virology-1
... 3. Small size: viruses are smaller than other organisms, vary in size (diameter) from 10 nm - 300 nm. 4. Genome: either DNA or RNA. The nucleic acid is encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid – containing membrane. The entire infectious unit is termed a virion. ...
... 3. Small size: viruses are smaller than other organisms, vary in size (diameter) from 10 nm - 300 nm. 4. Genome: either DNA or RNA. The nucleic acid is encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid – containing membrane. The entire infectious unit is termed a virion. ...
Article for May, 2001 Alive magazine
... the United States, with the first Canadian deaths also blamed on the virus. But does this represent a true increase in disease, or just an illusion caused by more widespread testing and the consequent reclassification of disease that would previously have been blamed on something else? According to ...
... the United States, with the first Canadian deaths also blamed on the virus. But does this represent a true increase in disease, or just an illusion caused by more widespread testing and the consequent reclassification of disease that would previously have been blamed on something else? According to ...
virus purification, rna extraction, and targeted genome capture in
... Viral RNA is specifically adsorbed to silica when the solution contains chaotropic agent such as guanidine salt. The adsorbed RNA can be eluted by low-salt buffer such as nuclease-free water. This method is called Boom method[2] and has been used very extensively in many kinds of commercial kit for ...
... Viral RNA is specifically adsorbed to silica when the solution contains chaotropic agent such as guanidine salt. The adsorbed RNA can be eluted by low-salt buffer such as nuclease-free water. This method is called Boom method[2] and has been used very extensively in many kinds of commercial kit for ...
... February 1, 2016, local transmission has been identified in at least 25 countries or territories in the Americas, including Puerto Rico. Further spread to other countries in the region is likely. With the recent outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among travelers visiti ...
Vitamin C and Infectious Disease
... That said, isn't it comforting then to know there are at least two viable alternatives to conventional flu treatments?! The other alternative, in addition to vitamin C discussed above, is vitamin D, which I have already mentioned in previous articles. Although the studies proving vitamin D's protect ...
... That said, isn't it comforting then to know there are at least two viable alternatives to conventional flu treatments?! The other alternative, in addition to vitamin C discussed above, is vitamin D, which I have already mentioned in previous articles. Although the studies proving vitamin D's protect ...
BRIEFING PAPER Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccine
... principal investigator for the NZ pandemic Influenza sero‐prevalence study and has published widely on communicable disease and public health issues in international journals. Since coming back to NZ after eight years with the WHO, Dr Bandaranayake worked as a senior ad ...
... principal investigator for the NZ pandemic Influenza sero‐prevalence study and has published widely on communicable disease and public health issues in international journals. Since coming back to NZ after eight years with the WHO, Dr Bandaranayake worked as a senior ad ...
Paramyxovirus by Alice Chow
... There are four types of vaccines for canine distemper. The first type of vaccine is using serum from blood of a dog that contains antibodies against the CDV. The antibodies can provide immediate immunity for a short period of time, therefore, not used for long term protection against CDV. The secon ...
... There are four types of vaccines for canine distemper. The first type of vaccine is using serum from blood of a dog that contains antibodies against the CDV. The antibodies can provide immediate immunity for a short period of time, therefore, not used for long term protection against CDV. The secon ...
Garden, Easter Lilies Infected by Viruses, Vol.15, Issue 1
... I have not examined an Easter or garden lily in Oregon that did not contain at least one virus. Lily researchers in Denmark and Holland report a similar situation with their home-grown lilies. Therefore, Oregon cannot be blamed for the virus content in lilies. The blame must be placed on the lily it ...
... I have not examined an Easter or garden lily in Oregon that did not contain at least one virus. Lily researchers in Denmark and Holland report a similar situation with their home-grown lilies. Therefore, Oregon cannot be blamed for the virus content in lilies. The blame must be placed on the lily it ...
Module 4: Negative strand RNA viruses
... and lower respiratory tract illness. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and vomiting are other common symptoms observed during the early phase of infection. The later phase of the disease shows the symptoms of more advanced respiratory distress such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mu ...
... and lower respiratory tract illness. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and vomiting are other common symptoms observed during the early phase of infection. The later phase of the disease shows the symptoms of more advanced respiratory distress such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mu ...
What Factors Exacerbate Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus
... Multidisciplinary research efforts and teams to investigate disease outbreaks For zoonotic diseases, the combined efforts of biomedical and veterinary scientists are essential, but few mechanisms currently exist to support this type of collaboration and cooperation ...
... Multidisciplinary research efforts and teams to investigate disease outbreaks For zoonotic diseases, the combined efforts of biomedical and veterinary scientists are essential, but few mechanisms currently exist to support this type of collaboration and cooperation ...
Genetic variants associated with severe pneumonia in A/H1N1 influenza infection
... of genes from Eurasian swine, human and avian influenza viruses [1]. The A/H1N1 strain isolated in Mexico City in 2009 caused severe pulmonary illness in people from many countries. The clinical and demographic characteristics of the cases with severe pneumonia at the beginning of the outbreak in Me ...
... of genes from Eurasian swine, human and avian influenza viruses [1]. The A/H1N1 strain isolated in Mexico City in 2009 caused severe pulmonary illness in people from many countries. The clinical and demographic characteristics of the cases with severe pneumonia at the beginning of the outbreak in Me ...
Swine influenza
Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3.Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human flu, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause human flu, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection.Around the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, allowing accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, only 50 such transmissions have been confirmed. These strains of swine flu rarely pass from human to human. Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort.In August 2010, the World Health Organization declared the swine flu pandemic officially over.Cases of swine flu have been reported in India, with over 31,156 positive test cases and 1,841 deaths till March 2015.