Adaptation of water resources management to climate change
... The World Water Vision coincided with a growing awareness within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on the need to adapt to climate change. Changes to the climate are already leading to more unstable and shifting water regimes around the world. The limited reductions ...
... The World Water Vision coincided with a growing awareness within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on the need to adapt to climate change. Changes to the climate are already leading to more unstable and shifting water regimes around the world. The limited reductions ...
14 Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change
... Regional climates are the complex result of processes that vary strongly with location and so respond differently to changes in global-scale influences. The following large-scale climate phenomena are increasingly well simulated by climate models and so provide a scientific basis for understanding a ...
... Regional climates are the complex result of processes that vary strongly with location and so respond differently to changes in global-scale influences. The following large-scale climate phenomena are increasingly well simulated by climate models and so provide a scientific basis for understanding a ...
Simulating Future Wheat Yields` Response to Climate Change and
... forcing (RF) is used. It is a metric that “represents the net change in the energy balance (radiative flux) of the Earth system” which results in a warming of the planet (Myhre et al. 2013). Between 1750 and 2005 RF has increased by 0.2 W/m2 mainly due to the increase in CO2 concentrations (from 27 ...
... forcing (RF) is used. It is a metric that “represents the net change in the energy balance (radiative flux) of the Earth system” which results in a warming of the planet (Myhre et al. 2013). Between 1750 and 2005 RF has increased by 0.2 W/m2 mainly due to the increase in CO2 concentrations (from 27 ...
The Positive Externalities of Carbon Dioxide
... crop yields and increased global food production. And with the ever-burgeoning population of the planet, the increase in food production was a welcomed societal benefit. But what remained largely unknown to society at that time, was the birth of an ancillary aid to agriculture that would confer grea ...
... crop yields and increased global food production. And with the ever-burgeoning population of the planet, the increase in food production was a welcomed societal benefit. But what remained largely unknown to society at that time, was the birth of an ancillary aid to agriculture that would confer grea ...
gcos regional action plan for south and southwest asia
... Council for Science (ICSU). Its objectives are to provide the data necessary for climate system monitoring, climate change detection and response monitoring, application to the development of national economies, and research. GCOS addresses the total climate system, including physical, chemical and ...
... Council for Science (ICSU). Its objectives are to provide the data necessary for climate system monitoring, climate change detection and response monitoring, application to the development of national economies, and research. GCOS addresses the total climate system, including physical, chemical and ...
10584_2011_45_MOESM1_ESM - Springer Static Content Server
... Studies with a main focus on potential impacts (and residual impacts incorporating conceptual adaptations) and /or risks and /or uncertainty with respect to climate change in the past, present or future. Examples included empirical studies, reviews, theoretical discussions, climate change impacts on ...
... Studies with a main focus on potential impacts (and residual impacts incorporating conceptual adaptations) and /or risks and /or uncertainty with respect to climate change in the past, present or future. Examples included empirical studies, reviews, theoretical discussions, climate change impacts on ...
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... Regional climates are the complex result of processes that vary strongly with location and so respond differently to changes in global-scale influences. The following large-scale climate phenomena are increasingly well simulated by climate models and so provide a scientific basis for understanding a ...
... Regional climates are the complex result of processes that vary strongly with location and so respond differently to changes in global-scale influences. The following large-scale climate phenomena are increasingly well simulated by climate models and so provide a scientific basis for understanding a ...
Land Cover Land Use Change and Soil Organic Carbon Under
... clouds, cloud shadows, settlement areas, or no Landsat data). ......................................... 77 Figure 6 Histograms of the year 2000 SOC coefficient of variation (Figure 5) for each land cover land use class defined by the hard classification (Figure 1)............................ 78 Figu ...
... clouds, cloud shadows, settlement areas, or no Landsat data). ......................................... 77 Figure 6 Histograms of the year 2000 SOC coefficient of variation (Figure 5) for each land cover land use class defined by the hard classification (Figure 1)............................ 78 Figu ...
The Gaia Hypothesis: Fact, Theory, and Wishful
... clarify and focus the Gaia debate, which seemed to be at risk of becoming a shouting match between disciples and detractors. I pointed out that the singular term, ‘the Gaia hypothesis’, was being applied to many different propositions, ranging from ideas that most modern Earth scientists would consi ...
... clarify and focus the Gaia debate, which seemed to be at risk of becoming a shouting match between disciples and detractors. I pointed out that the singular term, ‘the Gaia hypothesis’, was being applied to many different propositions, ranging from ideas that most modern Earth scientists would consi ...
Autonomous Adaptation to Climate Change: A Literature Review*
... fourth type of adaptation that justifies government intervention is what Mendelsohn calls “joint adaptation”, which resembles a “public good.” For joint adaption, he points out, even with government intervention, it is very difficult to achieve efficient adaptation because: 1) the collective gain ...
... fourth type of adaptation that justifies government intervention is what Mendelsohn calls “joint adaptation”, which resembles a “public good.” For joint adaption, he points out, even with government intervention, it is very difficult to achieve efficient adaptation because: 1) the collective gain ...
Phasing Down the Use of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
... at a rate of 10–15% per year.1 HFCs were developed to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) – ozone-depleting substances that are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol. HFCs are used as refrigerants in air conditioners and other products, to make insulating f ...
... at a rate of 10–15% per year.1 HFCs were developed to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) – ozone-depleting substances that are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol. HFCs are used as refrigerants in air conditioners and other products, to make insulating f ...
The Global “Disappearing Act”: How Island States Can Maintain
... and it needs to develop in a way that not only ensures the continued existence of these states, but also addresses the actions of other states that contribute to climate change in an attempt to slow or stop this process. Much of the existing legal scholarship on disappearing islands tackles the prob ...
... and it needs to develop in a way that not only ensures the continued existence of these states, but also addresses the actions of other states that contribute to climate change in an attempt to slow or stop this process. Much of the existing legal scholarship on disappearing islands tackles the prob ...
Interpretation of tropical thermocline cooling
... the importance of wave processes and wind stress curl on the sea level variations in the Pacific Ocean, although their focus is on seasonal-to-interannual timescales. [15] In the equatorial region where quasi-geostrophic approximation is not valid, zonal wind anomalies during 1990s are westerlies in ...
... the importance of wave processes and wind stress curl on the sea level variations in the Pacific Ocean, although their focus is on seasonal-to-interannual timescales. [15] In the equatorial region where quasi-geostrophic approximation is not valid, zonal wind anomalies during 1990s are westerlies in ...
SECOND-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 24 Do Not Cite
... rates of coastal erosion. Coastal freshwater swamps and marshes will be vulnerable to saltwater intrusion with rising sea-levels. Widespread damage to coral reefs correlated with episodes of high sea-surface temperature has been reported in recent decades and there is high confidence that such damag ...
... rates of coastal erosion. Coastal freshwater swamps and marshes will be vulnerable to saltwater intrusion with rising sea-levels. Widespread damage to coral reefs correlated with episodes of high sea-surface temperature has been reported in recent decades and there is high confidence that such damag ...
Assessment of Climate Hazards, Traditional Early
... efficient communication channels, which is lacking in most parts of Ethiopia; not suitable for pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Ethiopia; and lack of baseline (contextual) information. Early warning information is widely recognized as worthwhile and necessary in improving resilience to natural an ...
... efficient communication channels, which is lacking in most parts of Ethiopia; not suitable for pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Ethiopia; and lack of baseline (contextual) information. Early warning information is widely recognized as worthwhile and necessary in improving resilience to natural an ...
The range expansion of the European map butterfly in Finland
... in a broad range of species that have been adversely affected by human land use and other factors. Other things being equal, reduced genetic diversity means reduced opportunities for evolutionary change. Many studies on the biological consequences of climate change are focused on responses to temper ...
... in a broad range of species that have been adversely affected by human land use and other factors. Other things being equal, reduced genetic diversity means reduced opportunities for evolutionary change. Many studies on the biological consequences of climate change are focused on responses to temper ...
Quantitative summer temperature reconstruction derived from a
... The band-pass filtered bSi flux record is in close agreement both in the structure and the amplitude with two fully independent reconstructions spanning back to AD 1500 and AD 1177, respectively. All known pulses of negative volcanic forcing are represented as cold anomalies in the bSi flux record. Vol ...
... The band-pass filtered bSi flux record is in close agreement both in the structure and the amplitude with two fully independent reconstructions spanning back to AD 1500 and AD 1177, respectively. All known pulses of negative volcanic forcing are represented as cold anomalies in the bSi flux record. Vol ...
British Columbia
... Climate change will exacerbate existing stresses on British Columbia’s fisheries. Future impacts include invasion of coastal waters by exotic species, rising ocean and freshwater temperatures, and changes in the amount, timing and temperature of river flows. Freshwater fisheries may experience increas ...
... Climate change will exacerbate existing stresses on British Columbia’s fisheries. Future impacts include invasion of coastal waters by exotic species, rising ocean and freshwater temperatures, and changes in the amount, timing and temperature of river flows. Freshwater fisheries may experience increas ...
Climate Change, Migration, and Conflict in South Asia
... onset and slow-onset climate change events could spark migration in both India and Bangladesh. Sudden-onset events—such as flooding, cyclones, and storm surges— could displace millions of inhabitants within short periods of time, as recent events in India and Bangladesh demonstrate. Slow-onset even ...
... onset and slow-onset climate change events could spark migration in both India and Bangladesh. Sudden-onset events—such as flooding, cyclones, and storm surges— could displace millions of inhabitants within short periods of time, as recent events in India and Bangladesh demonstrate. Slow-onset even ...
Interdependence
... physical system can be discerned in discourses circulating around ‘earth system’ science from at least the time of the first IGY, concerted and systematic thinking ...
... physical system can be discerned in discourses circulating around ‘earth system’ science from at least the time of the first IGY, concerted and systematic thinking ...
The Economic Effects of Long(Term Climate Change
... control for soil suitability for potato and wheat cultivation (Nunn et al., 2011) as well as for elevation and ruggedness (Beniston et al., 1997; Nunn et al., 2012). I also control for a number of historical determinants of city size in Early Modern Europe that have received particular attention in ...
... control for soil suitability for potato and wheat cultivation (Nunn et al., 2011) as well as for elevation and ruggedness (Beniston et al., 1997; Nunn et al., 2012). I also control for a number of historical determinants of city size in Early Modern Europe that have received particular attention in ...
Undergraduate Thesis - College of Forestry and Conservation
... President Lyndon B. Johnson stated, “This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale through . . . a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.” It was 1965. One year prior, Congress had passed the Wilderness Act of 1964, defining wilderness a ...
... President Lyndon B. Johnson stated, “This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale through . . . a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.” It was 1965. One year prior, Congress had passed the Wilderness Act of 1964, defining wilderness a ...
Perception of Climate Change Among Egyptians Living in Egypt and
... atmosphere, and that is in addition to natural climate variability over comparable time periods” (UN 2004). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate change broadly as “any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity” (IP ...
... atmosphere, and that is in addition to natural climate variability over comparable time periods” (UN 2004). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate change broadly as “any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity” (IP ...
ABSTRACT - Coastal Environmental Change Lab
... coastline from protruding abruptly. As the stabilized section begins to protrude, the altered shoreline angles updrift and downdrift change the net sediment fluxes in ways that tend to keep the shoreline smooth. The pattern of shoreline change updrift and downdrift of a stabilized section depends on ...
... coastline from protruding abruptly. As the stabilized section begins to protrude, the altered shoreline angles updrift and downdrift change the net sediment fluxes in ways that tend to keep the shoreline smooth. The pattern of shoreline change updrift and downdrift of a stabilized section depends on ...
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... in the midst of vulgaries associated with climate change. Due to the increasingly high poverty levels of small scale farmers in most developing countries including Zambia (whose poverty level stands at about 60% of total population, World Bank, 2014), policy makers have placed great emphasis on the ...
... in the midst of vulgaries associated with climate change. Due to the increasingly high poverty levels of small scale farmers in most developing countries including Zambia (whose poverty level stands at about 60% of total population, World Bank, 2014), policy makers have placed great emphasis on the ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).