Report No. www.epa.ie 135 The Development of an Irish Climate Information
... current and projected climate impact analyses and adopts a vulnerability-based approach to facilitate users in assessing how climate change might exacerbate existing exposure to climatic hazards. As climate change will result in a range of different challenges and with varying opportunities for the ...
... current and projected climate impact analyses and adopts a vulnerability-based approach to facilitate users in assessing how climate change might exacerbate existing exposure to climatic hazards. As climate change will result in a range of different challenges and with varying opportunities for the ...
EFFECTS OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON FISHING
... distribution and productivity are known to be influenced by climate dynamics. Research has shown that small-scale fisher-folk in the developing countries are more vulnerable to climate variability due to their high reliance on fisheries and poor adaptive capacity. However most studies so far have co ...
... distribution and productivity are known to be influenced by climate dynamics. Research has shown that small-scale fisher-folk in the developing countries are more vulnerable to climate variability due to their high reliance on fisheries and poor adaptive capacity. However most studies so far have co ...
The Value of Carbon in Decision-Making
... • The MAC reflects the cost of one unit of emission reduction to meet a specific emissions target. It allows policy-makers to make three critical policy decisions: what the emission reduction target should be, the best way to achieve it, and how much each approach will cost. Further, it facilitates ...
... • The MAC reflects the cost of one unit of emission reduction to meet a specific emissions target. It allows policy-makers to make three critical policy decisions: what the emission reduction target should be, the best way to achieve it, and how much each approach will cost. Further, it facilitates ...
Drivers of Biodiversity Loss
... established that current patterns of biodiversity threat across Europe for six out of seven major taxonomic groups they examined (assessed from national red lists) are better predicted by patterns of economic development in 1900 than patterns of economic development in either 1950 or 2000. (Economic ...
... established that current patterns of biodiversity threat across Europe for six out of seven major taxonomic groups they examined (assessed from national red lists) are better predicted by patterns of economic development in 1900 than patterns of economic development in either 1950 or 2000. (Economic ...
Inclusion of ecologically based trait variation in plant functional types
... (MAT, °C), and mean temperature of coldest and warmest month (Tmin and Tmax, °C). In addition, annual soil moisture estimates (SoilMoist, m3 m 3 for 1 meter depth) were taken from a 15-min gridded datasets based on remotely sensed data (Miralles et al., 2011) and mean annual net shortwave radiation ...
... (MAT, °C), and mean temperature of coldest and warmest month (Tmin and Tmax, °C). In addition, annual soil moisture estimates (SoilMoist, m3 m 3 for 1 meter depth) were taken from a 15-min gridded datasets based on remotely sensed data (Miralles et al., 2011) and mean annual net shortwave radiation ...
a guidebook on climate scenarios
... straightforward. In addition, their needs may require more specific information that must be customized to some degree to suit their expertise. Indeed, ‘generic’ decision support tools are not easily constructed given that climate related decisions are made at multiple levels and by a variety of act ...
... straightforward. In addition, their needs may require more specific information that must be customized to some degree to suit their expertise. Indeed, ‘generic’ decision support tools are not easily constructed given that climate related decisions are made at multiple levels and by a variety of act ...
PDF
... and through agricultural production. The annual rainfall amount in southern Mali has been rising in the last few decades. Figure 1 illustrates the rainfall trend in Sikasso in southern Mali, from 1980 to 2010. The average annual rainfall amount increased from approximately 900mm to over 1000mm in th ...
... and through agricultural production. The annual rainfall amount in southern Mali has been rising in the last few decades. Figure 1 illustrates the rainfall trend in Sikasso in southern Mali, from 1980 to 2010. The average annual rainfall amount increased from approximately 900mm to over 1000mm in th ...
Fisheries-dependent indicators of climate change in Western Australia
... The use of fishery-dependent data may be a cost-effective way of assessing whether there have been any changes in the distribution and relative abundance of species. Such indicators are part of an ongoing data gathering system and the costs are relatively low compared to those of a fishery-independe ...
... The use of fishery-dependent data may be a cost-effective way of assessing whether there have been any changes in the distribution and relative abundance of species. Such indicators are part of an ongoing data gathering system and the costs are relatively low compared to those of a fishery-independe ...
CELEBRATING 25 YEARS OF EPIGRAM
... Union and University hierarchy. This doesn’t mean endless critical editorials. It means that you, the student, have a letters page in which to voice your opinions, to praise as well as to deflate a few egos. Some student politicians may be on power trips, but that doesn’t mean they cannot further st ...
... Union and University hierarchy. This doesn’t mean endless critical editorials. It means that you, the student, have a letters page in which to voice your opinions, to praise as well as to deflate a few egos. Some student politicians may be on power trips, but that doesn’t mean they cannot further st ...
... Regarding Fluvià and Muga flows, a decrease in the annual average river flows was observed in the period 1971–2011. Recent marine data of the local sea level near Aiguamolls de l’Empordà showed an increase between 1990 and 2012. Furthermore, results of current available climate projections showed th ...
Second National Communication
... Figure 1.5 - Rainfall distribution over Mauritius for periods 1931-1960 and 1971-2000 Figure 1.6 - Contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the economy in 2000 and 2006 Figure 1.7 - Land occupancy in 1995 and 2005 in Mauritius Figure 1.8 - Forest cover in Mauritius Figur ...
... Figure 1.5 - Rainfall distribution over Mauritius for periods 1931-1960 and 1971-2000 Figure 1.6 - Contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the economy in 2000 and 2006 Figure 1.7 - Land occupancy in 1995 and 2005 in Mauritius Figure 1.8 - Forest cover in Mauritius Figur ...
the caribbean and climate change - Stockholm Environment Institute
... to tourists and residents alike, are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Most of the population lives in or near coastal zones, and most economic activity is located there as well, including most hotels, hospitals, and electric power plants. More than half of the population lives in the San Juan ...
... to tourists and residents alike, are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Most of the population lives in or near coastal zones, and most economic activity is located there as well, including most hotels, hospitals, and electric power plants. More than half of the population lives in the San Juan ...
implications of long-term scenarios for medium
... which is often quoted from the IPCC report, is not only due to uncertainty about technology performance or the climate system, but is also a reflection of policy choice. Scenarios that avoid net negative CO2 emissions show emission reductions of at least 60% to 70% globally in 2050. Meeting the 2 °C ...
... which is often quoted from the IPCC report, is not only due to uncertainty about technology performance or the climate system, but is also a reflection of policy choice. Scenarios that avoid net negative CO2 emissions show emission reductions of at least 60% to 70% globally in 2050. Meeting the 2 °C ...
Improving runoff estimates from regional climate models: a
... 1999), and it can be used to correct bias from RCMs. In light of this situation, it is essential to analyse several alternatives that will enable us to obtain simulated stream flow series and can be introduced in water resources models to estimate climate change impacts. In the present study, we con ...
... 1999), and it can be used to correct bias from RCMs. In light of this situation, it is essential to analyse several alternatives that will enable us to obtain simulated stream flow series and can be introduced in water resources models to estimate climate change impacts. In the present study, we con ...
the caribbean and climate change
... to tourists and residents alike, are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Most of the population lives in or near coastal zones, and most economic activity is located there as well, including most hotels, hospitals, and electric power plants. More than half of the population lives in the San Juan ...
... to tourists and residents alike, are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Most of the population lives in or near coastal zones, and most economic activity is located there as well, including most hotels, hospitals, and electric power plants. More than half of the population lives in the San Juan ...
http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0203e/i0203e00.pdf
... misuse of these aquatic resources but also by factors external to the sector, such as pollution runoff, land use transformation, other aquatic resources uses and climatic changes. As significant coastal inhabitants (whether riparian, lacustrine or marine), fishers and fish-farmers are particularly v ...
... misuse of these aquatic resources but also by factors external to the sector, such as pollution runoff, land use transformation, other aquatic resources uses and climatic changes. As significant coastal inhabitants (whether riparian, lacustrine or marine), fishers and fish-farmers are particularly v ...
Agriculture and Future Climate Dynamics in Africa: Impacts and Adaptation Options
... model, the study predicts future impacts under various climate scenarios. In addition to estimating impacts on mixed crop−livestock farms, the study also measures and compares impacts on specialised crop and livestock farms. Responses of different production systems are analysed under irrigation and ...
... model, the study predicts future impacts under various climate scenarios. In addition to estimating impacts on mixed crop−livestock farms, the study also measures and compares impacts on specialised crop and livestock farms. Responses of different production systems are analysed under irrigation and ...
ecosystem approach to fisheries management
... Adaptation options – The range of actions that can be taken to reduce vulnerability of a target resource to climate and/or ocean change. For a social resource target such as housing, adaptation options may include moving housing, developing new building standards, or retrofitting existing housing to ...
... Adaptation options – The range of actions that can be taken to reduce vulnerability of a target resource to climate and/or ocean change. For a social resource target such as housing, adaptation options may include moving housing, developing new building standards, or retrofitting existing housing to ...
Co-ordination, Communication and Adaptation for Climate Change
... programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 20072013. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government by the Environment Protection Agency which has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting environme ...
... programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 20072013. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government by the Environment Protection Agency which has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting environme ...
Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events and the Highway System
... Extreme weather events - Weather that includes intensities that are historically seen very rarely. For example, consecutive days above 100 degrees temperature, 500-year storms, etc. General circulation model (GCM) - Models used to simulate the atmospheric, oceanic, and land processes (and their inte ...
... Extreme weather events - Weather that includes intensities that are historically seen very rarely. For example, consecutive days above 100 degrees temperature, 500-year storms, etc. General circulation model (GCM) - Models used to simulate the atmospheric, oceanic, and land processes (and their inte ...
MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change
... of heat storage, carbon storage, cloud processes, effects of additional pollutants and the feedback between the different components are not well known and are not easily modelled. Large three-dimensional earth system models, including representations of the atmosphere, land and ocean processes, are ...
... of heat storage, carbon storage, cloud processes, effects of additional pollutants and the feedback between the different components are not well known and are not easily modelled. Large three-dimensional earth system models, including representations of the atmosphere, land and ocean processes, are ...
Antarctic penguin response to habitat change as Earth`s troposphere
... Abstract. We assess the response of pack ice penguins, Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) and Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), to habitat variability and, then, by modeling habitat alterations, the qualitative changes to their populations, size and distribution, as Earth’s average tropospheric temperature ...
... Abstract. We assess the response of pack ice penguins, Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) and Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), to habitat variability and, then, by modeling habitat alterations, the qualitative changes to their populations, size and distribution, as Earth’s average tropospheric temperature ...
Fourth Carbon Budget Review – part 1
... cause and in projections for the future. For example, the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment concludes that warming of the climate system since the mid-20th Century is unequivocal, and it is extremely likely that human activity is the dominant cause. • The recent slowdown in surface temperature rise can be ex ...
... cause and in projections for the future. For example, the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment concludes that warming of the climate system since the mid-20th Century is unequivocal, and it is extremely likely that human activity is the dominant cause. • The recent slowdown in surface temperature rise can be ex ...
14 Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change
... Regional climates are the complex result of processes that vary strongly with location and so respond differently to changes in global-scale influences. The following large-scale climate phenomena are increasingly well simulated by climate models and so provide a scientific basis for understanding a ...
... Regional climates are the complex result of processes that vary strongly with location and so respond differently to changes in global-scale influences. The following large-scale climate phenomena are increasingly well simulated by climate models and so provide a scientific basis for understanding a ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).