Outlook on climate change adaptation in the Tropical Andes
... on mountains and adaptation is another barrier to successful policy development and implementation, especially at the sub-national government levels. Since the impact of climate change occurs over decades and centuries, adaptation policies should ideally be based on long-term observations in combina ...
... on mountains and adaptation is another barrier to successful policy development and implementation, especially at the sub-national government levels. Since the impact of climate change occurs over decades and centuries, adaptation policies should ideally be based on long-term observations in combina ...
Lecture 24
... in the transfer of heat lie primarily in the infrared portion of the spectrum. • Unlike conduction and convection, which both require a medium to travel through, radiation can take place across a vacuum. • For example, the evacuated space in a thermos bottle. • The radiation is reduced to a minimum ...
... in the transfer of heat lie primarily in the infrared portion of the spectrum. • Unlike conduction and convection, which both require a medium to travel through, radiation can take place across a vacuum. • For example, the evacuated space in a thermos bottle. • The radiation is reduced to a minimum ...
Carbon and Climate System Coupling on Timescales from
... the climate system and keeps the planet’s average temperature significantly warmer than if there were no atmosphere. Human activities that increase atmospheric CO2 , however, are enhancing this greenhouse effect, and most of the observed warming over the twentieth century is now firmly attributed to t ...
... the climate system and keeps the planet’s average temperature significantly warmer than if there were no atmosphere. Human activities that increase atmospheric CO2 , however, are enhancing this greenhouse effect, and most of the observed warming over the twentieth century is now firmly attributed to t ...
IPCC-ar4-wg1-chapter8-ClimateModels.pdf
... There is currently no consensus on the optimal way to divide computer resources among: finer numerical grids, which allow for better simulations; greater numbers of ensemble members, which allow for better statistical estimates of uncertainty; and inclusion of a more complete set of processes (e.g., ...
... There is currently no consensus on the optimal way to divide computer resources among: finer numerical grids, which allow for better simulations; greater numbers of ensemble members, which allow for better statistical estimates of uncertainty; and inclusion of a more complete set of processes (e.g., ...
Queensland`s biodiversity under climate change:
... and the Queensland Department of Primary Industries found that prawn trawling in the region had a cumulative effect on this marine life, depending on trawling intensity and the capacity of individual species to recover between trawls (credit: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, science image AS09 ...
... and the Queensland Department of Primary Industries found that prawn trawling in the region had a cumulative effect on this marine life, depending on trawling intensity and the capacity of individual species to recover between trawls (credit: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, science image AS09 ...
The scientific and international context for the fifth
... We briefly revisit the key observations that show the world has been warming for several decades, and that this is mainly due to human activities rather than natural fluctuations. We then focus on impacts on human and natural systems: those already being observed, and potential future impacts which ...
... We briefly revisit the key observations that show the world has been warming for several decades, and that this is mainly due to human activities rather than natural fluctuations. We then focus on impacts on human and natural systems: those already being observed, and potential future impacts which ...
Climate Models and Their Evaluation
... There is currently no consensus on the optimal way to divide computer resources among: finer numerical grids, which allow for better simulations; greater numbers of ensemble members, which allow for better statistical estimates of uncertainty; and inclusion of a more complete set of processes (e.g., ...
... There is currently no consensus on the optimal way to divide computer resources among: finer numerical grids, which allow for better simulations; greater numbers of ensemble members, which allow for better statistical estimates of uncertainty; and inclusion of a more complete set of processes (e.g., ...
Print this article - Canadian Center of Science and Education
... of Charney et al. (1977), which suggested that reductions in rainfall were the result of human activity. In what has come to be known as Charney’s model, decreases in vegetation cover caused by over-grazing and deforestation lead to an increase in the reflectivity or albedo of the land surface. The ...
... of Charney et al. (1977), which suggested that reductions in rainfall were the result of human activity. In what has come to be known as Charney’s model, decreases in vegetation cover caused by over-grazing and deforestation lead to an increase in the reflectivity or albedo of the land surface. The ...
Mechanism of Interdecadal Thermohaline Circulation Variability in a
... Current linked to changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The role of ocean dynamics in North Atlantic climate variability has also been studied using coupled general circulation models (CGCMs; Delworth et al. 1993; Timmermann et al. 1998; Grotzner et al. 1998; Watanabe et al. 1999; Christo ...
... Current linked to changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The role of ocean dynamics in North Atlantic climate variability has also been studied using coupled general circulation models (CGCMs; Delworth et al. 1993; Timmermann et al. 1998; Grotzner et al. 1998; Watanabe et al. 1999; Christo ...
Climate change and natural disasters.
... Average temperatures in Russia, especially in the North, are rising at double the rate of the global average temperature increase. A more detailed overview is provided of the effects of climate change in northern parts of Russia, including the negative effects on infrastructure and problems associat ...
... Average temperatures in Russia, especially in the North, are rising at double the rate of the global average temperature increase. A more detailed overview is provided of the effects of climate change in northern parts of Russia, including the negative effects on infrastructure and problems associat ...
Sustainable Land-use Practices in European Mountain Regions
... Global Change: an Integrated Research Approach Robert Huber 1, Harald Bugmann 2, Alexandre Buttler 1,3 and Andreas Rigling 1 ABSTRACT. This Special Feature on sustainable land-use practices in European mountain regions presents results from the inter- and transdisciplinary research project MOUNTLAND ...
... Global Change: an Integrated Research Approach Robert Huber 1, Harald Bugmann 2, Alexandre Buttler 1,3 and Andreas Rigling 1 ABSTRACT. This Special Feature on sustainable land-use practices in European mountain regions presents results from the inter- and transdisciplinary research project MOUNTLAND ...
Changed reproductive schedule of eastern Pacific
... between seasons before, during and after the transition, indicating that the reproductive effort of individuals was unaffected by climatic variation. This result is consistent with the finding that differences in the duration of the RI are not correlated with either growth or indices of seasonal fec ...
... between seasons before, during and after the transition, indicating that the reproductive effort of individuals was unaffected by climatic variation. This result is consistent with the finding that differences in the duration of the RI are not correlated with either growth or indices of seasonal fec ...
For the TransRe project, we`ve chosen to analyze “social resilience.”
... Thailand were declared disaster areas by the Interior Ministry due to water shortages brought on by a severe drought (UPI 2010). A year later, Thailand was underwater: more than one million people were affected by severe flooding for several weeks as a result of persistent rainfall (World Bank 2011b ...
... Thailand were declared disaster areas by the Interior Ministry due to water shortages brought on by a severe drought (UPI 2010). A year later, Thailand was underwater: more than one million people were affected by severe flooding for several weeks as a result of persistent rainfall (World Bank 2011b ...
Research and Information Gathering on Climate Change Mitigation
... recommendations to aid the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, as well as other ministries and stakeholders selected by MOECC, in planning for climate change and responding to the 2015 coordinated review (2015 Coordinated Review) of the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (Growt ...
... recommendations to aid the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, as well as other ministries and stakeholders selected by MOECC, in planning for climate change and responding to the 2015 coordinated review (2015 Coordinated Review) of the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (Growt ...
Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California
... management, and land use) interact to determine how this water is partitioned and how it will be delivered to competing consumers (Havstad et al. 2007). Water yield is difficult to measure and value, but the changing availability of water from rangeland watersheds needs to be quantified across multi ...
... management, and land use) interact to determine how this water is partitioned and how it will be delivered to competing consumers (Havstad et al. 2007). Water yield is difficult to measure and value, but the changing availability of water from rangeland watersheds needs to be quantified across multi ...
Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate. Regions of
... Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific Islands. This is part of a series of 21 SAPs produced by the CCSP aimed at providing current assessments of climate change science to inform public debate, policy, and operational decisions. These reports are also intended to help the CCSP develop future program research ...
... Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific Islands. This is part of a series of 21 SAPs produced by the CCSP aimed at providing current assessments of climate change science to inform public debate, policy, and operational decisions. These reports are also intended to help the CCSP develop future program research ...
The impact of climate change on disease constraints on production
... 2050s under a high CO2 emissions scenario. However, in contrast to predictions that phoma stem canker will increase in severity and range with climate change, modelling indicated that losses due to light leaf spot will decrease in both Scotland and England. Combined losses from both phoma stem canke ...
... 2050s under a high CO2 emissions scenario. However, in contrast to predictions that phoma stem canker will increase in severity and range with climate change, modelling indicated that losses due to light leaf spot will decrease in both Scotland and England. Combined losses from both phoma stem canke ...
CLIMATE CHANGE, MIGRATION, AND THE PUGET SOUND REGION
... Warming is already driving change Global climate change is not a future phenomenon but an active process that is currently underway. Warming of the earth’s surface since the pre-industrial era is well-documented and has resulted in losses in snow and ice, sea level rise, and, in some regions, shifts ...
... Warming is already driving change Global climate change is not a future phenomenon but an active process that is currently underway. Warming of the earth’s surface since the pre-industrial era is well-documented and has resulted in losses in snow and ice, sea level rise, and, in some regions, shifts ...
Climate change reduces warming potential of nitrous oxide by an
... Due to the long lifetime of N2O, we choose a time horizon of H = 100 years for integrating the radiative forcing. For this time horizon we calculate a N2O GWP of 290 ± 2 CO2-equivalents for the CTRL simulation. This value is similar to the currently assumed present-day N2O GWP of 298 CO2-equivalents ...
... Due to the long lifetime of N2O, we choose a time horizon of H = 100 years for integrating the radiative forcing. For this time horizon we calculate a N2O GWP of 290 ± 2 CO2-equivalents for the CTRL simulation. This value is similar to the currently assumed present-day N2O GWP of 298 CO2-equivalents ...
How to engage with National Adaptation Plans Guidance for National Red Cross and
... Climate change mitigation. Actions that reduce the sources of greenhouse gases, or enhance carbon sinks. Examples include using fossil fuels more efficiently for industrial processes or electricity generation, switching from oil to natural gas as a heating fuel, improving the insulation of building ...
... Climate change mitigation. Actions that reduce the sources of greenhouse gases, or enhance carbon sinks. Examples include using fossil fuels more efficiently for industrial processes or electricity generation, switching from oil to natural gas as a heating fuel, improving the insulation of building ...
Adapting to climate change in The Netherlands: an inventory of
... Tol et al. (2008) states that “adaptation assessment must consider the full context in which adaptation takes place, including the factors that determine the capacity of the country or system to adapt”. By involving local stakeholders and experts in the development of a national adaptation strategy ...
... Tol et al. (2008) states that “adaptation assessment must consider the full context in which adaptation takes place, including the factors that determine the capacity of the country or system to adapt”. By involving local stakeholders and experts in the development of a national adaptation strategy ...
Do Not Cite, Quote, or Distribute IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 7
... The chapter presents a very interesting analysis of likely climate change effecst on various food production systems. The discussion of literature on direct effects of climate change on crop yields and other food production systems is extensive and covers all important crops and regions. In contrast ...
... The chapter presents a very interesting analysis of likely climate change effecst on various food production systems. The discussion of literature on direct effects of climate change on crop yields and other food production systems is extensive and covers all important crops and regions. In contrast ...
Report No. www.epa.ie 135 The Development of an Irish Climate Information
... current and projected climate impact analyses and adopts a vulnerability-based approach to facilitate users in assessing how climate change might exacerbate existing exposure to climatic hazards. As climate change will result in a range of different challenges and with varying opportunities for the ...
... current and projected climate impact analyses and adopts a vulnerability-based approach to facilitate users in assessing how climate change might exacerbate existing exposure to climatic hazards. As climate change will result in a range of different challenges and with varying opportunities for the ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).