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... • From looking at the graph below you can see clearly the periods of low concentrations of CO2 occur during glacial periods • High concentrations of CO2 link with warmer periods of time- like the Holocene interglacial (in between glacial times) we are going through ...
Other Attachment
Other Attachment

... about the Paris Agreement, which has really restarted the climate policy process, there's a whole requirement of information that flow from that Paris Agreement. You know, what do the targets mean for the future? Are we on track to meet those targets, or are we hitting for something substantially hi ...
DOC | 16KB Climate Change Social Research Summary word version
DOC | 16KB Climate Change Social Research Summary word version

... Climate change impacts have been observed by most Victorians and there is concern about future impacts Approximately 50–60 per cent of all Victorians believe there has been an increase in the occurrence of environmental events in this state over the past ten years, including: severe bushfires storms ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Global Change Curricula and
PowerPoint Presentation - Global Change Curricula and

... Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001 Report ...
Chapter 3: Population`s health and climate change in South East
Chapter 3: Population`s health and climate change in South East

... engagement in partnerships with other UN organizations and sectors other than the health sector at national, regional and international levels; promoting and supporting the generation of scientific evidence; and strengthening health systems to cope with the health threat posed by climate change, inc ...
Climate Change in the Pacific | Volume 1: Regional Overview
Climate Change in the Pacific | Volume 1: Regional Overview

... More detailed and rigorous testing of sea level and ocean heat content simulated by climate models is required, including the inter comparison of models and understanding the reasons for the differences between them. The models need to be critically compared with the available historical observation ...
Links between ozone and climate (John Pyle, Co-Chair, SAP)
Links between ozone and climate (John Pyle, Co-Chair, SAP)

... tropospheric UV and IR. ODS are GHGs - their change has a climate forcing impact • Impact on surface temperature • Impact on tropospheric chemistry, including through changed stratospheretroposphere transport • Geo-engineering? ...
Global Climatic Mayhem
Global Climatic Mayhem

... Humanity is on the threshold.12 In biocentric, rather than anthropocentric, terms, life as we know it is on the threshold. The environmental system, in particular the earth’s climate, used to be regarded as relatively stable in the face of human insults. But now it is widely believed to have multipl ...
An Update on Global Warming
An Update on Global Warming

... “Mann[et al] effectively erased the well-known phenomena of the Medieval Warming Period-when, by the way, it was warmer than it is today--and the Little Ice Age…” J. Inhofe 2005 ...
transcript - American Chemical Society
transcript - American Chemical Society

... The United States Congress got that stark assessment of global warming’s potential impact in June 2008. The speaker: Dr. Bruce E. Bursten, president of the American Chemical Society and dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The ACS, like other scientifi ...
From local perception to global perspective
From local perception to global perspective

... ecent extreme climate anomalies in densely populated regions, such as the cold 2011/12 and 2013/14 winters in the eastern United States, ongoing drought in California, heat waves in Europe (2003), Russia (2010) and Australia (2013), or floods in Pakistan (2010), Colorado (2013) and the United Kingdo ...
environmental engineering newsletter 18 may. 2015
environmental engineering newsletter 18 may. 2015

... Denver, Douglas, Jefferson, and parts of Larimer and Weld counties. The Denver-area’s location next to the Rocky Mountains makes it prone to temperature inversions, in which warm air traps cooler air near the ground such that pollutants do not rise into the atmosphere. These inversion conditions can ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... reported they believe that climate change is real and 90% of students thought humans were involved in these changes. It is curious that although 95% of the students reported they “believe humans are altering the global carbon cycle”, a lower 91% of the students verbally expressed the view that human ...
WHAT IS COP 17?
WHAT IS COP 17?

... (UNFCCC)(21 March 1994) Governments are required to: (i) gather and share information on greenhouse gas emissions, national policies and best practices (ii) launch national strategies for addressing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the provision of financial and t ...
Detection and attribution of climate change for the
Detection and attribution of climate change for the

... time in CMIP3 and CMIP5 scenarios. Thus, when considering the GCM responses to elevated GHG levels as realistic, the recent trend can not be explained by these GHG increases alone. That means: - the effect of GHG is overestimated in the scenarios , or - other factors are at work as well Or, the inco ...
Abrupt Climate Change - Ohio State University
Abrupt Climate Change - Ohio State University

... – There are numerous tipping elements (WAIS, GIS, THC, ENSO, etc.) that have various (and dire) impacts on climate › Varying time scales and “abruptness” › Some well within IPCC projected warming for this century ...
Unicredit - BankTrack
Unicredit - BankTrack

... In 1995 the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed on the Kyoto Protocol with the majority of countries (183) committing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 8% by 2012 compared to 1990. Though the Protocol is not enough to effectively tackle climate change it has star ...
THE NEXT FOUR YEARS WILL BE A DIFFICULT CHALLENGE FOR
THE NEXT FOUR YEARS WILL BE A DIFFICULT CHALLENGE FOR

... methods used by the Nazis and Donald Trump to use the technology of mass communication to gain power. Hitler used the radio (new at the time) to mesmerize Germans; Trump has used Reality TV and conservative talk shows in similar fashion to seduce the American public. He claims that global warming is ...
Sustainability Considerations in the Design of Big Dams: Merowe
Sustainability Considerations in the Design of Big Dams: Merowe

... Determines the number of turbines to turn on  Calculates volume, area, Power ...
Survival Guide: Abrupt Climate Change
Survival Guide: Abrupt Climate Change

... If the thermohaline circulation, which is a major mechanism by which heat is transported from the tropics to the higher latitudes, were to completely shut off tomorrow, it would cause a rapid cooling of the north Atlantic region. Europe and parts of North America could expect to see a drop in temper ...
Adrian Gault Chief Economist, Committee on Climate Change
Adrian Gault Chief Economist, Committee on Climate Change

... • The challenge for transport and freight • Next steps ...
butt-clim-change-ind-paris
butt-clim-change-ind-paris

... positive and negative species Species are considered climate neutral if their expected change in Settele et al. (2008) under the full dispersal BAMBU scenario in 2080 is less than 20%. ...
Emissivity e(l,T)
Emissivity e(l,T)

... Radiative forcing DF = Fin – Fout ...
Challenges for the Planet
Challenges for the Planet

Document
Document

... 15% of the nations population <10% of the territory 2 largest estuaries One-quarter agriculture Two-thirds forest ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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