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Southwest Reigon.indd - USA National Phenology Network
Southwest Reigon.indd - USA National Phenology Network

... The western and southwestern regions of the U.S. consist of a variety of biomes, ranging from deserts and coastal areas to mountains and forested regions [1, 2]. Climate also varies widely, ranging from Mediterranean and semiarid steppe, to mid-latitude desert and alpine. This region is considered a ...
Report in Brief
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... play a key role in the nation’s response to climate Despite these uncertainties and complexities, it change by, for example: is clear that Earth’s future climate will be unlike the • Projecting the beneficial and adverse effects of climate that ecosystems and human societies have climate changes, a ...
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... fluorinated gases. ●Half of cumulative CO2 emissions between 1750 and 2010 have occurred in the last 40 years ● In 2000-2010, the increase is 47% from energy supply, 30% from industry, 10% transport, 3% from building Hydrogen, nuclear based energy is needed ...
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... temperatures by as much as 3oC. Even a year after the eruption, most of the northern hemisphere experienced sharply cooler temperatures during the summer months. In parts of Europe and in North America, 1816 was known as "the year without a summer." http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Outreach/AboutVolcanoes/ ...
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... of N uptake in arctic tundra • dominant species use the most available forms of N • how will this be affected by increased abundance of dominant and loss of rarer species? ...
The role of legislation in tackling climate change
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... The scientific findings since then would indicate the only reductions at the top end of that range give us a reasonable chance of keeping global warming to 2C above pre-industrial levels, the agreed threshold for dangerous climate change that could spiral out of control. Carbon Budgets and annual m ...
The role of legislation in tackling climate change
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Sea-level rise in the western tropical Pacific
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Occasional Papers on Islands and Small States

... in the weather patterns of the Earth as a whole. Changes in average weather can be observed as variations in temperature, precipitation and wind patterns over time. Climate change has been taking place since the early days of the Earth’s existence – there have been cold periods and warm periods. Cli ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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