STATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN CLIMATE
... Peninsula, linked to nearby ocean warming and intensification of the circumpolar westerlies. Glaciers are retreating on the peninsula, in Patagonia, on the subAntarctic islands, and in West Antarctica adjacent to the peninsula. The penetration of marine air masses has become more pronounced over par ...
... Peninsula, linked to nearby ocean warming and intensification of the circumpolar westerlies. Glaciers are retreating on the peninsula, in Patagonia, on the subAntarctic islands, and in West Antarctica adjacent to the peninsula. The penetration of marine air masses has become more pronounced over par ...
Durban Climate Change Strategy
... from 2000 to 2010 were higher than previous decades (IPCC, 2014a). The level of certainty in the link between human activities and climate has also increased from very likely (90%) in the IPCC‟s Fourth Assessment Report published in 2007, to extremely likely (95%) in the recently released Fifth Asse ...
... from 2000 to 2010 were higher than previous decades (IPCC, 2014a). The level of certainty in the link between human activities and climate has also increased from very likely (90%) in the IPCC‟s Fourth Assessment Report published in 2007, to extremely likely (95%) in the recently released Fifth Asse ...
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
... On 8th session of the Conference of the Parties there were accepted decisions, in particular in relation to: National reports of Parties of Annex 1 (the term of presentation is set to Secretariat of Convention of fourth national reports to January 1, 2006); Methodological and leading principles ...
... On 8th session of the Conference of the Parties there were accepted decisions, in particular in relation to: National reports of Parties of Annex 1 (the term of presentation is set to Secretariat of Convention of fourth national reports to January 1, 2006); Methodological and leading principles ...
GLACIERS MELTING IN CENTRAL ASIA:
... representatives of Central Asian states, Afghanistan and international organisations as well as scientists and international experts. The seminar at that time was also made possible through the financial support of the US Government. Conclusions of the Almaty seminar were: Global warming and climate ...
... representatives of Central Asian states, Afghanistan and international organisations as well as scientists and international experts. The seminar at that time was also made possible through the financial support of the US Government. Conclusions of the Almaty seminar were: Global warming and climate ...
on Clean Growth and Climate Change
... is critical and urgent. The cost of inaction is greater than the cost of action: climate change could cost Canada $21-$43 billion per year by 2050, according to 2011 estimates from the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Businesses and markets are increasingly considering climat ...
... is critical and urgent. The cost of inaction is greater than the cost of action: climate change could cost Canada $21-$43 billion per year by 2050, according to 2011 estimates from the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Businesses and markets are increasingly considering climat ...
Globalization and Diversity Changing Global Environment 2.1
... predict where future problems will occur. A) water stress B) cation ratio C) water predictive analysis D) systems analysis E) water output prediction solutions Answer: A Topic/section: 2.3 Water: A Scarce World Resource GeoStandard1: 16. The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and ...
... predict where future problems will occur. A) water stress B) cation ratio C) water predictive analysis D) systems analysis E) water output prediction solutions Answer: A Topic/section: 2.3 Water: A Scarce World Resource GeoStandard1: 16. The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and ...
Sceptical Climate Part 2: Climate Science in Australian Newspapers
... links to the relevant sections and data from which the findings are drawn. Although this report covers a different time period, the key findings for this study of ten Australian newspapers from February to April in both 2011 and 2012 can be considered in light of the key findings of Sceptical Climat ...
... links to the relevant sections and data from which the findings are drawn. Although this report covers a different time period, the key findings for this study of ten Australian newspapers from February to April in both 2011 and 2012 can be considered in light of the key findings of Sceptical Climat ...
A Hybrid Approach to the Valuation of Climate Change
... In this paper we present a systematic attempt to assess economic value of climate change impact on forest ecosystems and human welfare. In the present study, climate change impacts are downscaled to the different European countries, which in turn constitute the elements of our analysis. First, we an ...
... In this paper we present a systematic attempt to assess economic value of climate change impact on forest ecosystems and human welfare. In the present study, climate change impacts are downscaled to the different European countries, which in turn constitute the elements of our analysis. First, we an ...
on Clean Growth and Climate Change
... is critical and urgent. The cost of inaction is greater than the cost of action: climate change could cost Canada $21-$43 billion per year by 2050, according to 2011 estimates from the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Businesses and markets are increasingly considering climat ...
... is critical and urgent. The cost of inaction is greater than the cost of action: climate change could cost Canada $21-$43 billion per year by 2050, according to 2011 estimates from the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Businesses and markets are increasingly considering climat ...
Global Climate Change: National Security Implications
... The State of the Problem Today. So where are we in our thinking today when it comes to the science of climate change? There are still dissenting voices, and we cannot speak with absolute certainty. But science, we should remember, is essentially a culture of doubt.2 As Karl Popper wrote at the st ...
... The State of the Problem Today. So where are we in our thinking today when it comes to the science of climate change? There are still dissenting voices, and we cannot speak with absolute certainty. But science, we should remember, is essentially a culture of doubt.2 As Karl Popper wrote at the st ...
Two hundred fifty years of aerosols and climate: the end of the age
... its associated reference scenario. While aerosols have had a substantial impact on climate over the past century, we show that, by the end of the 21st century, aerosols will likely be only a minor contributor to radiative forcing due to increases in greenhouse gas forcing and a net global decrease i ...
... its associated reference scenario. While aerosols have had a substantial impact on climate over the past century, we show that, by the end of the 21st century, aerosols will likely be only a minor contributor to radiative forcing due to increases in greenhouse gas forcing and a net global decrease i ...
Rapid Climate Change in the Arctic: Polar Research as a
... the core of two main tasks. First: Arctic warming has been very high over the last few decades and the amount of ice on land and in the sea has declined significantly in that time. This not only affects the Arctic ecosystem and the living conditions of people in Arctic latitudes, but also the develo ...
... the core of two main tasks. First: Arctic warming has been very high over the last few decades and the amount of ice on land and in the sea has declined significantly in that time. This not only affects the Arctic ecosystem and the living conditions of people in Arctic latitudes, but also the develo ...
Fossil Fuel Divestment: Implications For The Future Of Sustainability
... Sustainability within higher education Since the Brundtland Commission’s report, Our Common Future (United Nations 1987), the concept of sustainable development has grown in relevance and importance within higher education as evidenced by the publication and adoption of national and international de ...
... Sustainability within higher education Since the Brundtland Commission’s report, Our Common Future (United Nations 1987), the concept of sustainable development has grown in relevance and importance within higher education as evidenced by the publication and adoption of national and international de ...
Carbon Market Crossroads
... Scientists now believe that absent a major change of course, the planet will warm 4 degrees Celsius by 2100.1 Climate change on that scale would trigger severe economic, environmental, and social disruptions. The global community would become more fractured and unequal than today, and human sufferin ...
... Scientists now believe that absent a major change of course, the planet will warm 4 degrees Celsius by 2100.1 Climate change on that scale would trigger severe economic, environmental, and social disruptions. The global community would become more fractured and unequal than today, and human sufferin ...
Marine Biodiversity and Resources
... There is now widespread acceptance that human activities are contributing significantly to climate change, with serious implications for the broader environment – including the marine environment. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and a more than 2–3°C rise in mean global temperature ...
... There is now widespread acceptance that human activities are contributing significantly to climate change, with serious implications for the broader environment – including the marine environment. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and a more than 2–3°C rise in mean global temperature ...
Climate change adaptation guidelines for arid zone aquatic
... processes that support the persistence of freshwater biota under a changing climate. These guidelines are intended to provide guidance for policy development, planning and on-ground actions. The major goal of these guidelines is to reduce the risk of the loss of aquatic habitats, deteriorating water ...
... processes that support the persistence of freshwater biota under a changing climate. These guidelines are intended to provide guidance for policy development, planning and on-ground actions. The major goal of these guidelines is to reduce the risk of the loss of aquatic habitats, deteriorating water ...
High-impact Sectors: the Challenge of Reporting on Climate Change
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), has completed four comprehensive assessment reports to date, in 1990, 1996, 2001 and 2007. A sample of key messages from the 2007 report1 make for stark reading: warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of inc ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), has completed four comprehensive assessment reports to date, in 1990, 1996, 2001 and 2007. A sample of key messages from the 2007 report1 make for stark reading: warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of inc ...
Responding to climate change in national forests: a
... have established science-management partnerships to develop scientific bases for adaptation and find effective ways to communicate and implement this knowledge. This effort builds on existing principles of adaptation to climate change (Bosworth et al. 2008, Joyce et al. 2008, Julius and West 2008, M ...
... have established science-management partnerships to develop scientific bases for adaptation and find effective ways to communicate and implement this knowledge. This effort builds on existing principles of adaptation to climate change (Bosworth et al. 2008, Joyce et al. 2008, Julius and West 2008, M ...
using sustainable land management practices to adapt to and
... Sub-Saharan Africa, including continuous cropping, with reductions in fallow and rotations, repetitive tillage and soil nutrient mining, continuous overstocking, overgrazing, frequent rangeland burning, and over-use or clearance of woodlands and forest. The impacts of these practices include loss of ...
... Sub-Saharan Africa, including continuous cropping, with reductions in fallow and rotations, repetitive tillage and soil nutrient mining, continuous overstocking, overgrazing, frequent rangeland burning, and over-use or clearance of woodlands and forest. The impacts of these practices include loss of ...
implications for climate change research b
... climate change. The hypothesis is that short-term warming of ambient temperature will lead to accelerated phenology and increased vigor. Measured characters were date of flowering, number of flowers, stature, number of leaves, and leaf length. Twenty-four small open-top chambers were used to passive ...
... climate change. The hypothesis is that short-term warming of ambient temperature will lead to accelerated phenology and increased vigor. Measured characters were date of flowering, number of flowers, stature, number of leaves, and leaf length. Twenty-four small open-top chambers were used to passive ...
NDVI-based increase in growth of temperate grasslands and its
... research group, for the years 1982–1999 (Piao et al., 2003). These datasets were generated from 680 welldistributed climate stations across China by using kriging interpolation (Piao et al., 2003). In order to explore the relationships between vegetation growth and moisture condition, Thornthwaite’s ...
... research group, for the years 1982–1999 (Piao et al., 2003). These datasets were generated from 680 welldistributed climate stations across China by using kriging interpolation (Piao et al., 2003). In order to explore the relationships between vegetation growth and moisture condition, Thornthwaite’s ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 17 Subject to Final Copyedit
... measures (high confidence). Economic theory and empirical results show that a degree of adaptation will be autonomously carried out by private parties in response to climate change. However the private sector alone will often not provide the desirable level of adaptation with some types of actions n ...
... measures (high confidence). Economic theory and empirical results show that a degree of adaptation will be autonomously carried out by private parties in response to climate change. However the private sector alone will often not provide the desirable level of adaptation with some types of actions n ...
3 The role of biodiversity in societal adaptation to climate change
... 2. Many of the strategies adopted for societal adaptation, especially those dependent on engineering and technology, can have significant negative impacts on biodiversity, and these will differ between sectors. 3. The components of biodiversity are themselves subject to considerable impacts from cli ...
... 2. Many of the strategies adopted for societal adaptation, especially those dependent on engineering and technology, can have significant negative impacts on biodiversity, and these will differ between sectors. 3. The components of biodiversity are themselves subject to considerable impacts from cli ...
for European Journal of Plant Pathology Manuscript Draft
... eventuality and component, but I believe the authors have addressed most issues as comprehensively and realistically as they can. I think there are a few issues of editing/clarification. Page 2, lines 45-50. I know what you mean, but the sentence is slightly confusing. Crop yields may also be affec ...
... eventuality and component, but I believe the authors have addressed most issues as comprehensively and realistically as they can. I think there are a few issues of editing/clarification. Page 2, lines 45-50. I know what you mean, but the sentence is slightly confusing. Crop yields may also be affec ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).