Australian rangelands and climate change – Cenchrus
... is generally considered that C4 plants have an advantage in a warmer climate due to their higher CO2 assimilation rates at higher temperatures and higher photosynthetic optima than their C3 counterparts (Dwyer et al. 2007). Indeed, plants of buffel grass were able to acclimate to warmer temperatures ...
... is generally considered that C4 plants have an advantage in a warmer climate due to their higher CO2 assimilation rates at higher temperatures and higher photosynthetic optima than their C3 counterparts (Dwyer et al. 2007). Indeed, plants of buffel grass were able to acclimate to warmer temperatures ...
Climate Guide - Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre
... up to 250 million people will suffer water stress by 2020. Food security is bound to be compromised as agricultural productivity declines. Threats to human health include heat stress, injuries and disease brought by storms, floods and droughts, changes in the range of vector-borne diseases, and decr ...
... up to 250 million people will suffer water stress by 2020. Food security is bound to be compromised as agricultural productivity declines. Threats to human health include heat stress, injuries and disease brought by storms, floods and droughts, changes in the range of vector-borne diseases, and decr ...
Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Area
... global emissions of large quantities of greenhouse gases, particularly since the middle of the 20th century. Greenhouse gases have been shown to account for a significant proportion of the global increase in temperature during the past century. “Climate change” is a neutral term, however, as changes ...
... global emissions of large quantities of greenhouse gases, particularly since the middle of the 20th century. Greenhouse gases have been shown to account for a significant proportion of the global increase in temperature during the past century. “Climate change” is a neutral term, however, as changes ...
A Sensitivity Study of Radiative Fluxes at the Top of Atmosphere to
... The model used in this study is CAM5 (release v5.1.02). Details on CAM5 can be found in Neale et al. (2010); here we briefly describe the key aerosol and cloud parameterizations that are relevant to this study. The treatment of aerosols in CAM5 is described in detail in Liu et al. (2012). The threem ...
... The model used in this study is CAM5 (release v5.1.02). Details on CAM5 can be found in Neale et al. (2010); here we briefly describe the key aerosol and cloud parameterizations that are relevant to this study. The treatment of aerosols in CAM5 is described in detail in Liu et al. (2012). The threem ...
Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I
... University, Norfolk, VA, USA, 15UMR 7208 BOREA, Sorbonne Universites, UPMC University Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCBN, 57 rue Cuvier CP 26, Paris 75005, France, 16Department of Environment Affairs, Oceans and Coasts, P.O Box 52126, Cape Town 8000, South Africa, 17Commission for the Conservation of ...
... University, Norfolk, VA, USA, 15UMR 7208 BOREA, Sorbonne Universites, UPMC University Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCBN, 57 rue Cuvier CP 26, Paris 75005, France, 16Department of Environment Affairs, Oceans and Coasts, P.O Box 52126, Cape Town 8000, South Africa, 17Commission for the Conservation of ...
M R
... Wachsmuth, J., A. Blohm, S. Gössling-Reisemann, T. Eickemeier, M. Ruth, R. Gasper and S. Stürmann, 2013. How will renewable power generation be affected by climate change? The case of a metropolitan region in Northwest Germany, Energy, Volume 58, Vol. 1, pp. ...
... Wachsmuth, J., A. Blohm, S. Gössling-Reisemann, T. Eickemeier, M. Ruth, R. Gasper and S. Stürmann, 2013. How will renewable power generation be affected by climate change? The case of a metropolitan region in Northwest Germany, Energy, Volume 58, Vol. 1, pp. ...
Climate Satellites Affirmative - NDI - 2011
... place around 50 million years ago and involved a major climatic warming which took place over around 1000 years, possibly driven by rapid methane release. Current cumulative anthropogenic carbon release is around one third of the way towards the level that triggered such events in the past. Climate ...
... place around 50 million years ago and involved a major climatic warming which took place over around 1000 years, possibly driven by rapid methane release. Current cumulative anthropogenic carbon release is around one third of the way towards the level that triggered such events in the past. Climate ...
Download the full paper
... risk, and by using a full-blown IAM that explicitly models transient temperature dynamics, radiative forcing, and the carbon cycle in the same way as the standard numeric IAMs used in policy advising. ...
... risk, and by using a full-blown IAM that explicitly models transient temperature dynamics, radiative forcing, and the carbon cycle in the same way as the standard numeric IAMs used in policy advising. ...
On the Current and Future Dry Spell Characteristics over Africa
... resolution [9], the Regional Climate Model (RCM) is a more adequate tool for many regional impact and adaptation studies [10–14]. Although the use of RCMs over Africa is still in its infancy [15], efforts have been made to assess the main climatic features of Africa with regional models; Sun et al. ...
... resolution [9], the Regional Climate Model (RCM) is a more adequate tool for many regional impact and adaptation studies [10–14]. Although the use of RCMs over Africa is still in its infancy [15], efforts have been made to assess the main climatic features of Africa with regional models; Sun et al. ...
2016_student_project_higson
... Changing temperatures and variability of precipitation will have significant impacts on yields of rice crops. Climate change of greater than 2 degrees Celsius is likely to negatively impact rice yields (IPCC 2014). In addition, increasing periods of drought and high temperatures will likely lead to ...
... Changing temperatures and variability of precipitation will have significant impacts on yields of rice crops. Climate change of greater than 2 degrees Celsius is likely to negatively impact rice yields (IPCC 2014). In addition, increasing periods of drought and high temperatures will likely lead to ...
Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from
... Marzeion and Levermann, 2014). The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provided sea-level projections explicitly excluding changes in dynamic ice discharge, i.e. additional ice flow across the grounding line, from both Greenland and Antarctica (Alle ...
... Marzeion and Levermann, 2014). The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provided sea-level projections explicitly excluding changes in dynamic ice discharge, i.e. additional ice flow across the grounding line, from both Greenland and Antarctica (Alle ...
CHAPTER 2: ARCTIC CLIMATE – Past and Present Lead Author
... Pacific and Atlantic oceans, with relatively weak gradients in polar and subpolar regions. The seasonal cycle of sea level pressure over the midlatitude oceans shows a summer maximum and winter minimum. By contrast, the seasonal cycle of sea level pressure over the Arctic and sub Arctic shows a maxi ...
... Pacific and Atlantic oceans, with relatively weak gradients in polar and subpolar regions. The seasonal cycle of sea level pressure over the midlatitude oceans shows a summer maximum and winter minimum. By contrast, the seasonal cycle of sea level pressure over the Arctic and sub Arctic shows a maxi ...
Global and regional drought dynamics in the climate warming era
... unusually strong droughts affected western USA, northwestern China, central Europe and Russia (Levinson and Lawrimore 2008, Blunden et al. 2011). Finally, the most recent droughts in the south (2011) and central (2012) USA were quite devastating for agriculture (Jones et al. 2011). Discussing drough ...
... unusually strong droughts affected western USA, northwestern China, central Europe and Russia (Levinson and Lawrimore 2008, Blunden et al. 2011). Finally, the most recent droughts in the south (2011) and central (2012) USA were quite devastating for agriculture (Jones et al. 2011). Discussing drough ...
Technical Summary
... Climate change: A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal process ...
... Climate change: A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal process ...
PDF
... There are several reasons for using a framed field experiment instead of using actual production data (see e.g. Antle, 1987, 1989; Pope and Just, 1991; Chavas and Holt, 1996). First, with actual production data it is difficult to disentangle adaptation due to changes in risk and risk perception fro ...
... There are several reasons for using a framed field experiment instead of using actual production data (see e.g. Antle, 1987, 1989; Pope and Just, 1991; Chavas and Holt, 1996). First, with actual production data it is difficult to disentangle adaptation due to changes in risk and risk perception fro ...
Joint regional climate system modelling for the European sea
... information about changing climate because key processes are not properly resolved. In recent years, coupled atmosphere – sea ice – ocean models have been elaborated further by using a hierarchy of sub-models for the Earth system, combining regional climate models with sub-models for surface waves, ...
... information about changing climate because key processes are not properly resolved. In recent years, coupled atmosphere – sea ice – ocean models have been elaborated further by using a hierarchy of sub-models for the Earth system, combining regional climate models with sub-models for surface waves, ...
Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st
... minimize any potentially dangerous anthropogenic consequences. To clarify the longerterm nature of connections between human and natural Earth systems, several high resolution, interdisciplinary global integrated assessment (IA) models have emerged and contributed significantly to the Intergovernmen ...
... minimize any potentially dangerous anthropogenic consequences. To clarify the longerterm nature of connections between human and natural Earth systems, several high resolution, interdisciplinary global integrated assessment (IA) models have emerged and contributed significantly to the Intergovernmen ...
The Stern Review - Productivity Commission
... simulation. Each scenario is run 1000 times with parameters chosen at random from the ranges given in the climate change literature, yielding a probability distribution of damage cost estimates (GDP losses). In relation to the bottom-up analysis, the literature on the impacts of climate change varie ...
... simulation. Each scenario is run 1000 times with parameters chosen at random from the ranges given in the climate change literature, yielding a probability distribution of damage cost estimates (GDP losses). In relation to the bottom-up analysis, the literature on the impacts of climate change varie ...
An Action Theory of Adaptation to Climate Change - diss.fu
... particular the identification of barriers to implementing adaptation and the governance of adaptation. Last but not least, (Ionescu et al., 2008) undertake some effort to obtain a very precise definition of vulnerability. This sees adaptation as the values of control variables that avoid a system fr ...
... particular the identification of barriers to implementing adaptation and the governance of adaptation. Last but not least, (Ionescu et al., 2008) undertake some effort to obtain a very precise definition of vulnerability. This sees adaptation as the values of control variables that avoid a system fr ...
PDF
... then the First Nations people of the Yukon (Receveur et al. 1997). Even though a relatively small portion of total dietary energy may come from traditional food, its nutritional benefits and contribution to the total diet are substantial. Research findings are consistent across the Canadian Arctic ...
... then the First Nations people of the Yukon (Receveur et al. 1997). Even though a relatively small portion of total dietary energy may come from traditional food, its nutritional benefits and contribution to the total diet are substantial. Research findings are consistent across the Canadian Arctic ...
Manuscript - CSIRO Research Publications Repository
... Transformative actions are increasingly being required to address changes in climate. As an aid to understanding and supporting informed decision-making regarding transformative change, we draw on theories from both the resilience and vulnerability literature to produce the Adaptation Action Cycles ...
... Transformative actions are increasingly being required to address changes in climate. As an aid to understanding and supporting informed decision-making regarding transformative change, we draw on theories from both the resilience and vulnerability literature to produce the Adaptation Action Cycles ...
RE-CONSTRUCTING CLIMATE CHANGE: DISCOURSES OF THE EMERGING MOVEMENT FOR CLIMATE JUSTICE
... out independent reporting on issues related to science, engineering, technology, and health. The NRC is part of the institutional body known as the United States National Academies. ...
... out independent reporting on issues related to science, engineering, technology, and health. The NRC is part of the institutional body known as the United States National Academies. ...
Climate Change in Latin America
... same position on Climate Change. This is due to geographical and economic differences, the extent to which they are vulnerable to the phenomenon, their economic dependence on fossil energy resources or the fragility of their ecosystems. However, in spite of the differences mentioned above, the Regio ...
... same position on Climate Change. This is due to geographical and economic differences, the extent to which they are vulnerable to the phenomenon, their economic dependence on fossil energy resources or the fragility of their ecosystems. However, in spite of the differences mentioned above, the Regio ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).